Role of sawdust and cow dung on compost maturity during rotary drum composting of flower waste

Effect of particle size on rotary drum composting of garden waste and their ranking using analytical hierarchy process

10.21203/rs.3.rs-299559/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Mishra ◽

Kunwar D Yadav

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Particle Size Range ◽

Rotary Drum Composting ◽

Rotary Drum ◽

Size Of Particles ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

Garden Waste

Abstract Garden waste comprises of 15–18% fraction of total municipal solid waste generated. For composting of garden waste, particle size is an important factor for efficient degradation. The present study investigates role of varying particle size on compost quality. The garden waste was grinded using a shredder into varying size of particles, 0.5–1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-4.5 and 4.5–7.5 cm diameter named as R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively. 100 kg of garden waste mixed with 20 litre cow-dung slurry and 10 kg fresh compost and feed into the rotary drum for 45 days composting period. Thermophilic phase continued for 7, 8, 4 and 3 days in R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactor respectively. Total volatile solids reduction was 29.10, 31.20, 24.23 and 17.12 %, CO2 evolution rate was 4.92, 4.14, 6.18 and 8.16 mg/gVS/d, C/N ratio was 16.91, 15.05, 18.13 and 20.99, germination index was 92.00, 94.12, 85.21 and 81.20 in R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactor respectively after end of composting period. Reduction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was highest in R2 drum and lowest in R4. The percentage reduction of acid insoluble lignin was 36, 39, 29 and 27 % and the percentage reduction of acid soluble lignin was 48.85, 52.89, 43.39 and 36.97 % in combinations in R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively after 45 days. As per analytical hierarchy process, performance of reactors was observed in the following trend, R2 > R1 > R3 > R4. Particle size range 1.5-3.0 cm diameter showed optimum size for efficient composting of garden waste.

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Microbial population, stability and maturity analysis of rotary drum composting of water hyacinth

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0450-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Isha Vishan ◽

Hiranmayee Kanekar ◽

Ajay Kalamdhad

Keyword(s):

Water Hyacinth ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Microbial Succession ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Rotary Drum Composting ◽

Rotary Drum

AbstractWater hyacinth is a noxious aquatic weed growing over a wide variety of wetland. One of the effective methods of its treatment is rotary drum composting. Hence, microbial succession in the rotary drum composting of water hyacinth was studied along with stability and maturity. Different ratios of water hyacinth, cow dung and sawdust, i.e. 8: 1: 1, 7: 2: 1, 6: 3: 1, 5: 4: 1 and 10: 0: 0 (control), respectively, were taken. A total weight of 150 kg was maintained. Maximum degradation was observed in the trial 3 (6: 3: 1), which showed maximum temperature rise up to 56.5°C. The total mesophilic bacterial count changed from 4.73 × 1012 to 2.5 × 107 colony forming unit (CFU)/g compost during the composting period. Spore forming population reached the highest count of 3.3 × 1010 CFU/g in the thermophilic phase of composting. Actinomycetes, streptomycetes and fungi counts decreased to about 2.4 × 107 CFU/g, 6.5×105 CFU/g and 6.79 × 105 CFU/g, respectively, at the end of composting period. A maximum reduction of 78.7% in oxygen uptake rate and 90.6% in CO2 evolution rate was observed. This showed the highest stability of the compost sample. But the maximum volatile solids reduction of 45.9% signified the high content of recalcitrant lignocellulosic material. Indicator organisms were reduced to acceptable standards of sanitation.

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Assessment of rotary drum and aerated in-vessel for composting of garden waste

10.21203/rs.3.rs-302722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Mishra ◽

Kunwar D Yadav

Keyword(s):

Cow Dung ◽

Blade Design ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Acid Soluble Lignin ◽

Odour Control ◽

Rotary Drum ◽

Working Performance ◽

Soluble Lignin ◽

Selection Of ◽

Garden Waste

Abstract For in-vessel composting of garden waste, the selection of reactor is an important factor for efficient degradation. The present study evaluates working performance of rotary drum reactor (RDR) and aerated in-vessel (AIV) for composting of garden waste. 100 kg garden waste was mixed with 10 kg cow-dung slurry and 5 kg compost and feed into both the reactors for 45 days composting period. The reactors vary in their system configuration, shape and orientation, blade design, rate of aeration, odour control, leachate production and energy requirements. Rotary drum was rotated daily six times in clockwise and anti-clockwise direction and AIV was rotated daily for 3–5 minutes using motor. Rise in temperature started within 24 hours of composting and reached 65°C and 59°C on second day itself and thermophilic phase continued for 7 and 5 days for RDR and AIV respectively. Moisture content reduction after composting period was 15.25 and 18.45 %, C/N ratio was 16.14 and 13.33, TVS reduction was 23.74 and 29.78 % and CO2 evolution rate was 6.18 and 4.14 mg/g VS/day in RDR and AIV respectively. Reduction of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin was more in AIV. The percentage reduction of acid insoluble lignin was 36.10 and 29.01 % and the percentage reduction of acid soluble lignin was 48.85 and 43.3% in in AIV and RDR respectively after 45 days. AIV gave better performance for composting of garden waste.

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Maturity indices of composting plant materials with Trichoderma asperellum as activator

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Adenike Fisayo Komolafe ◽

Christopher Olu Adejuyigbe ◽

Adeniyi Adebowale Soretire ◽

Isaac OreOluwa Olatokunbo Aiyelaagbe

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Biomass N ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Trichoderma Asperellum ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Total N ◽

Compost Maturity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Maturity Indices ◽

Biomass N

AbstractCompost maturity is a major factor in its use for nutrient supply without adverse effect on crop germination. Composting may be accelerated with inclusion of some microorganisms as activators. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trichoderma asperellum and length of composting of different plant materials and cattle manure on compost maturity in Ibadan, Nigeria. Composting of two plant materials with cow dung at ratio 3:1 was done in triplicate with or without Trichoderma activation to obtain twelve heaps of four different types of composts; Panicum-based compost with Trichoderma, Tridax-based compost with Trichoderma, Panicum-based compost without Trichoderma and Tridax-based compost without Trichoderma. The process was a 2×2 factorial experiment, laid out a completely randomized design. The Trichoderma activated compost (TAC) at four weeks of composting (4WC) had 56% total N, 21% organic matter, 38% total K, 51% total P and 66.6% microbial biomass N increase over non-activated compost (NAC). Carbon to nitrogen ratio was within the ideal range (10–20) in TAC while it was greater than it in NAC. Microbial biomass and lignin contents had a 56% and 41% increase, respectively, in NAC over TAC. Trichorderma-activated compost has a potential to hasten maturation and makes the compost ready for field on or before four weeks without posing a threat to crop germination.

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