scholarly journals Spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit at a university hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Royer ◽  
Ana Luiza Souza Faria ◽  
Liliane Miyuki Seki ◽  
Thiago Pavoni Gomes Chagas ◽  
Paola Amaral de Campos ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110011
Author(s):  
Thabit Alotaibi ◽  
Abdulrhman Abuhaimed ◽  
Mohammed Alshahrani ◽  
Ahmed Albdelhady ◽  
Yousef Almubarak ◽  
...  

Background: The management of Acinetobacter baumannii infection is considered a challenge especially in an intensive care setting. The resistance rate makes it difficult to manage and is believed to lead to higher mortality. We aim to investigate the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii and explore how different antibiotic regimens could impact patient outcomes as there are no available published data to reflect our population in our region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all infected adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit at King Fahad University Hospital with a confirmed laboratory diagnosis of Acinetobacter baumannii from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2017. Positive cultures were obtained from the microbiology department and those meeting the inclusive criteria were selected. Variables were analyzed using descriptive analysis and cross-tabulation. Results were further reviewed and audited by blinded co-authors. Results: A comprehensive review of data identified 198 patients with Acinetobacter baumannii. The prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii is 3.37%, and the overall mortality rate is 40.81%. Our sample consisted mainly of male patients, that is, 68.7%, with a mean age of 49 years, and the mean age of female patients was 56 years. The mean age of survivors was less than that of non-survivors, that is, 44.95 years of age. We observed that prior antibiotic use was higher in non-survivors compared to survivors. From the review of treatment provided for patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, 65 were treated with colistin alone, 18 were treated with carbapenems, and 22 were treated with a combination of both carbapenems and colistin. The mean length of stay of Acinetobacter baumannii–infected patients was 20.25 days. We found that the survival rates among patients who received carbapenems were higher compared to those who received colistin. Conclusion: We believe that multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is prevalent and associated with a higher mortality rate and represents a challenging case for every intensive care unit physician. Further prospective studies are needed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Fabiola Alves Gomes ◽  
Denise Von Dolinger de Brito Röder ◽  
Thúlio Marquez Cunha ◽  
Rosângela De Oliveira Felice ◽  
Guilherme Silva Mendonça ◽  
...  

Objective: Evaluate the relation of nursing workload, evaluated by the Nursing Activities Score (NAS), with the occurrence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (VAP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the impact of VAP on hospitalization costs.Methods: Retrospective cohort study in Adult ICU of a high complexity Brazilian university hospital. The profile, outcomes, costs, and daily NAS from patients were collected. We also proposed some workload indicators based on NAS daily evaluation.Results: The study included 195 patients, 27.17% diagnosed with VAP. VAP was more prevalent in patients diagnosed with trauma on admission. The total costs of care were higher for VAP patients. In all multivariate models tested were predictive for VAP: the patient's intubation that occurs in days prior of the ICU admission day (higher risk if occurs in days prior the ICU admission day) and ventilation time prior ICU (higher risk if higher time). We found others predictors, but these were dependent on the model tested. Additional risk predictors were tracheostomy, propofol use, neuromuscular blocker use and the higher NAS from admission. The protective factors found were the percentage of adequacy of the assignment based in NAS that measure if the workload measured by the NAS was offered and the increment in NAS during the ventilation time.Conclusions: The offering of an adequate nursing work scale (adequate number of professionals for the care), as a function of the nursing workload measured by the NAS, could be effective in the reduction of VAP, hospital stay time and hospital costs.


Author(s):  
Tram Anh Que

TÓM TẮT Đặt vấn đề: Viêm phổi liên quan thở máy là bệnh lý nhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện rất thường gặp trong đơn vị hồi sức tích cực. Có nhiều vi khuẩn gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, trong đó các vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men như Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonasaeruginosa,.. là những vi khuẩn gây bệnh hàng đầu và có mức độ kháng kháng sinh cao. Phương pháp: Một nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện ở các chủng vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men phân lập được từ các mẫu đờm của bệnh nhân thở máy trên 48 giờ điều trị tại các khoa Hồi sức tích cực - Ngoại khoa Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Đa khoa Nghệ An năm từ 1/2020 đến 6/2021. Kết quả: Phân lập được 120 chủng Vi khuẩn Gram âm không lên men, trong đó, Acinetobacter baumannii 85 chủng, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 31 chủng. Acinetobacter baumannii có mức độ đề kháng trên 70% với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó kháng cao nhất với Ceftriaxone 96,9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa kháng với tất cả các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, kháng cao nhất với Gentamycin 80,0%, kháng thấp nhất với Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32,3%. Kết luận: Vi khuẩn không lên men là những tác nhân chính gây viêm phổi liên quan thở máy, phổ biến nhất là Acinetobacter baumannii và Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Những vi khuẩn này kháng cao với các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, trong đó, A. baumannii kháng trên 70% các kháng sinh thử nghiệm, P. aeruginosa kháng tất cả kháng sinh thử nghiệm với mức độ khác nhau tử 32,3 - 80,0%. ABSTRACT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF NON - FERMENTABLE GRAM - NEGATIVE BACTERIA CAUSING PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH MECHANICALLY VENTILATION Background: Ventilator - associated pneumonia is a very common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit. Many bacteria cause ventilator - associated pneumonia, in which non - fermentative Gram - negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., are the leading pathogens and have high antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on non - fermentative bacteria strains causing ventilator - associated pneumonia which were isolated at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Department of Nghe An General Friendship Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. Results: A total of 120 strains of non - fermenting Gram - negative bacteria were isolated. Of these, 85 strains were Acinetobacter baumannii, 31 strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter baumannii has a resistance rate of more than 70% with all tested antibiotics, of which the highest resistance is to Ceftriaxone 96.9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa was resistant to all tested antibiotics, with the highest resistance to Gentamycin80.0%, the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32.3%. Conclusion: Non - fermentative bacteria are the main pathogens of ventilator - associated pneumonia. The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. In which, A. baumannii resisted over 70% of the tested antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa resisted all tested antibiotics with varying degrees from 32.3 to 80.0%. Keywords: Ventilation associated pneumonia, VAP, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii.


mBio ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. P. De Oliveira ◽  
Brian M. Forde ◽  
Minh-Duy Phan ◽  
Bernhard Steiner ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
...  

Within intensive care unit settings, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and hospital-associated outbreaks are becoming increasingly widespread. Antibiotic treatment of A. baumannii infection is often compromised by MDR strains resistant to last-resort β-lactam (e.g., carbapenems), polymyxin, and tetracycline class antibiotics.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 1328-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hecini-Hannachi Abla ◽  
Bentchouala Chafia ◽  
Lezzar Abdesselam ◽  
Laouar Houcine ◽  
Benlabed Kaddour ◽  
...  

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