The role of endocannabinoid pathway in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease: Can the inhibitors of MAGL and FAAH prove to be potential therapeutic targets against the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanshu Bajaj ◽  
Shreshtha Jain ◽  
Preeti Vyas ◽  
Sandhya Bawa ◽  
Divya Vohora
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Therapeutic Targets

scholarly journals Dysregulation of Astrocyte–Neuronal Communication in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7887
Author(s):  
Carmen Nanclares ◽  
Andres Mateo Baraibar ◽  
Alfonso Araque ◽  
Paulo Kofuji
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Ionic Homeostasis ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Structural Support

Recent studies implicate astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, their role in pathogenesis is poorly understood. Astrocytes have well-established functions in supportive functions such as extracellular ionic homeostasis, structural support, and neurovascular coupling. However, emerging research on astrocytic function in the healthy brain also indicates their role in regulating synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability via the release of neuroactive substances named gliotransmitters. Here, we review how this “active” role of astrocytes at synapses could contribute to synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive impairment in AD.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors in Maintaining Cognitive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie E. Marchand ◽  
Majken K. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Global Population

Concern over loss of cognitive function, including descent into Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, grips a growing percentage of men and women worldwide as the global population ages. Many studies, though not all, suggest that maintaining cognitive health, as well as slowing and even preventing cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, can be achieved by consuming healthy diets over a long enough period of time. This appears to be the case even for those who initiated dietary changes later in life, as evidenced by an intervention study assessing consumption of a healthy diet among those who were >50 years of age. All such diets share the common traits of being rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish or seafood, while also being low in red meat and sweets. A Mediterranean-style diet shares these characteristics and has been associated with an estimated 40% lower risk of cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in prospective studies, in addition to being associated with both a 65% lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and improved cognitive performance in a notable randomized controlled trial.

Potential Role of Diffusion Tensor MRI in the Differential Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (5) ◽  
pp. 1369-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella B. Parente ◽  
Emerson L. Gasparetto ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz ◽  
Roberto Cortes Domingues ◽  
Ana Célia Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Mri

scholarly journals Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles Vinuesa ◽  
Carlos Pomilio ◽  
Amal Gregosa ◽  
Melisa Bentivegna ◽  
Jessica Presa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Homocysteine metabolism in rodent models with hyperhomocysteinemia. Part 1: genetic models

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
А.В. Иванов ◽  
Э.Д. Вирюс ◽  
В.И. Логинов ◽  
И.С. Зимина ◽  
А.М. Бурдённый ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Rats And Mice

Моделирование гипергомоцистеинемии на грызунах является одним из основных способов изучения роли гомоцистеина в патофизиологии различных заболеваний (инфаркта миокарда, инсультов, когнитивных нарушений, болезни Альцгеймера, почечной недостаточности и др.). В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены биохимичекие аспекты метаболизма гомоцистеина, генетические способы моделирования гипергомоцистеинемии на крысах и мышах и их влияние на метаболизм как самого гомоцистеина так и на связанные с ним метаболиты: метионин, цистеин, S-аденозилметионин, S-аденозилгомоцистеин. Modeling hyperhomocysteinemia in rodents is a common way to study the role of homocysteine in pathogenesis of various diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, kidney failure, etc.). This review focuses on biochemical aspects of homocysteine metabolism, genetic methods for modeling hyperhomocysteinemia in rats and mice, and effects of these models on metabolism of both homocysteine itself and related metabolites (methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine).

scholarly journals Inflamma-MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Disease Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liang ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Shed Light

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. Although AD research has made important breakthroughs, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and specific AD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in AD pathogenesis and is closely related to other health effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous short sequence non-coding RNAs that indirectly inhibit translation or directly degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) by specifically binding to its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155, have now been shown to regulate microglia/astrocytes activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-126 and miR-132, show a progressive link to the neuroinflammatory signaling. Therefore, further studies on these inflamma-miRNAs may shed light on the pathological mechanisms of AD. The differential expression of inflamma-miRNAs (such as miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-126-5p) in the peripheral circulation may respond to AD progression, similar to inflammation, and therefore may become potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Moreover, inflamma-miRNAs could also be promising therapeutic targets for AD treatment. This review provides insights into the role of inflamma-miRNAs in AD, as well as an overview of general inflamma-miRNA biology, their implications in pathophysiology, and their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukin-33 in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
Kuan-Pin Su ◽  
Chia-Lin Tsai ◽  
Jiunn-Tay Lee ◽  
Che-Sheng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Interleukin 33
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