scholarly journals Inflamma-MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Disease Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liang ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Shed Light

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of senile dementia. Although AD research has made important breakthroughs, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear, and specific AD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation is involved in AD pathogenesis and is closely related to other health effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous short sequence non-coding RNAs that indirectly inhibit translation or directly degrade messenger RNA (mRNA) by specifically binding to its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155, have now been shown to regulate microglia/astrocytes activation. Other miRNAs, including miR-126 and miR-132, show a progressive link to the neuroinflammatory signaling. Therefore, further studies on these inflamma-miRNAs may shed light on the pathological mechanisms of AD. The differential expression of inflamma-miRNAs (such as miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-126-5p) in the peripheral circulation may respond to AD progression, similar to inflammation, and therefore may become potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD. Moreover, inflamma-miRNAs could also be promising therapeutic targets for AD treatment. This review provides insights into the role of inflamma-miRNAs in AD, as well as an overview of general inflamma-miRNA biology, their implications in pathophysiology, and their potential roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Advances with Long Non-Coding RNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease as Peripheral Biomarker

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Maria Garofalo ◽  
Cecilia Pandini ◽  
Daisy Sproviero ◽  
Orietta Pansarasa ◽  
Cristina Cereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Peripheral Biomarker

One of the most compelling needs in the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the characterization of cognitive decline peripheral biomarkers. In this context, the theme of altered RNA processing has emerged as a contributing factor to AD. In particular, the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated to AD is opening new perspectives in AD research. This class of RNAs may offer numerous starting points for new investigations about pathogenic mechanisms and, in particular, about peripheral biomarkers. Indeed, altered lncRNA signatures are emerging as potential diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we have collected and fully explored all the presented data about lncRNAs and AD in the peripheral system to offer an overview about this class of non-coding RNAs and their possible role in AD.

The role of neurovascular unit damage in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
DeRen Hou ◽  
FangBo Lin ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
JingWen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Progressive Cognitive Impairment

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive cognitive impairment. It is the most common type of senile dementia, accounting for 65%–70% of senile dementia [Alzheimer’s Association (2016). 2016 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 12, 459–509]. At present, the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. It is considered that β-amyloid deposition, abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, and neurofibrillary tangles are the basic pathological changes of AD. However, the role of neurovascular unit damage in the pathogenesis of AD has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. The composition of neurovascular unit and the role of neurovascular unit damage in the occurrence and development of AD were reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical and Probiotic Approaches to Examine Molecular Interactions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein APP in Drosophila Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7022
Author(s):  
David Jalali ◽  
Justine Anne Guevarra ◽  
Luz Martinez ◽  
Lily Hung ◽  
Fernando J Vonhoff
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Drosophila Models

Studies using animal models have shed light into the molecular and cellular basis for the neuropathology observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, the role of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a crucial role in the formation of senile plaques and aging-dependent degeneration. Here, we focus our review on recent findings using the Drosophila AD model to expand our understanding of APP molecular function and interactions, including insights gained from the fly homolog APP-like (APPL). Finally, as there is still no cure for AD, we review some approaches that have shown promising results in ameliorating AD-associated phenotypes, with special attention on the use of nutraceuticals and their molecular effects, as well as interactions with the gut microbiome. Overall, the phenomena described here are of fundamental significance for understanding network development and degeneration. Given the highly conserved nature of fundamental signaling pathways, the insight gained from animal models such as Drosophila melanogaster will likely advance the understanding of the mammalian brain, and thus be relevant to human health.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA: Insight Into Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Lan ◽  
Yanting Chen ◽  
Jiali Jin ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Xiaolei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Insight Into

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia accounting for an estimated 60–80% of cases. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available so far. Increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in AD. LncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of AD via modulating amyloid production, Tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. This review describes the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in AD, indicating that lncRNAs may provide potential therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Recent advances on the role of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
ManishK Tripathi ◽  
MohammadMoshahid Khan ◽  
Kyle Doxtater
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals The Biology of Glial Cells and Their Complex Roles in Alzheimer’s Disease: New Opportunities in Therapy

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Nirzhor ◽  
Rubayat Khan ◽  
Sharmind Neelotpol
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Even though Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is of significant interest to the scientific community, its pathogenesis is very complicated and not well-understood. A great deal of progress has been made in AD research recently and with the advent of these new insights more therapeutic benefits may be identified that could help patients around the world. Much of the research in AD thus far has been very neuron-oriented; however, recent studies suggest that glial cells, i.e., microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (NG2 glia), are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and may offer several potential therapeutic targets against AD. In addition to a number of other functions, glial cells are responsible for maintaining homeostasis (i.e., concentration of ions, neurotransmitters, etc.) within the central nervous system (CNS) and are crucial to the structural integrity of neurons. This review explores the: (i) role of glial cells in AD pathogenesis; (ii) complex functionalities of the components involved; and (iii) potential therapeutic targets that could eventually lead to a better quality of life for AD patients.

scholarly journals The Other Side of Alzheimer’s Disease: Influence of Metabolic Disorder Features for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Argentati ◽  
Ilaria Tortorella ◽  
Martina Bazzucchi ◽  
Carla Emiliani ◽  
Francesco Morena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Amyloid Cascade ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Genetic Form

Nowadays, the amyloid cascade hypothesis is the dominant model to explain Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. By this hypothesis, the inherited genetic form of AD is discriminated from the sporadic form of AD (SAD) that accounts for 85–90% of total patients. The cause of SAD is still unclear, but several studies have shed light on the involvement of environmental factors and multiple susceptibility genes, such as Apolipoprotein E and other genetic risk factors, which are key mediators in different metabolic pathways (e.g., glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, energetic metabolism, and inflammation). Furthermore, growing clinical evidence in AD patients highlighted the presence of affected systemic organs and blood similarly to the brain. Collectively, these findings revise the canonical understating of AD pathogenesis and suggest that AD has metabolic disorder features. This review will focus on AD as a metabolic disorder and highlight the contribution of this novel understanding on the identification of new biomarkers for improving an early AD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Dissecting the role of non-coding RNAs in the accumulation of amyloid and tau neuropathologies in Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Patrick ◽  
Sathyapriya Rajagopal ◽  
Hon-Kit Andus Wong ◽  
Cristin McCabe ◽  
Jishu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas
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