Occurrence and infective potential of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates associated to Citrus limon var Eureka

An investigation was conducted in a six year old lemon (Citrus limon) garden during March to September 2007 to find out the effect of foliar spray with seven fungicides and a botanical on the severity of citrus scab (Elsinoe fawcettii) and dieback (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of the crop. The tested fungicides were Dinthane M 45 (0.30%), Rovral 50 WP (0.10%), Bavistin 50 WP (0.10%), Champion 77 WP (0.20%), Cupravit 50 WP (0.20%), Tilt 250 EC (0.25%), Proud 250 EC (0.25%) and the botanical allamanda (Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract (1:4). The results showed that the fungicides and allamanda leaf extract are effective to achieve significant reduction in severity of scab and dieback diseases, and to increase fruit yield of lemon. The reduction of Percent Disease Index (PDI) of scab on leaf and fruit, and that of dieback ranged 26.45-83.87, 49.01-60.20 and 35.22- 58.01%, respectively after six months of first spray. The relationship of increase in fruit yield was directly and linearly correlated with percentage of reduction in severity of dieback diseases. Based on reduction of disease severity and increase of fruit yield, Allamanda leaf extract was noted as most effective material followed by Bavistin 50 WP, Tilt 250 EC, Cupravit 50 WP and Dithane M-45. Keywords: Citrus; scab; dieback; lemon; fungicide; botanical; control DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9484 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 99-105

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Fruit juices acts as biocatalyst in efficient synthesis of potentially bioactive imidazoles

10.21203/rs.3.rs-378184/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susheel Gulati ◽

Rajvir Singh ◽

Suman Sangwan

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Zone Method ◽

Activity Data

Abstract An efficient and eco-friendly itinerary for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives (3a-3h) from reaction between substituted aldehydes (1a-1h), benzil (2a) and ammonium acetate (2b) in presence of Citrus limon L. juice, Vitis vinifera L. juice and Cocos nucifera L. juice has been carried out. The purity of compounds was confirmed by melting point and thin layer chromatography. All synthesized compounds (3a-3h) were characterized by 1HNMR, FTIR and CHN spectral techniques and tested for in vitro herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus L. (Radish seeds). The compounds (3a-3h) were also evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by poisoned food techniques method. Antibacterial activity was also determined against Erwinia cartovora and Xanthomonas citri by inhibition zone method. From activity data, it was observed that compounds 3f and 3c were found most active against Raphanus sativus L. (root) and Raphanus sativus L. (shoot) respectively. Compound 3d was found most active against Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungus at highest concentration. Compound 3b has shown maximum inhibition zone i.e. 2.10-7.10 mm against Erwinia cartovora at 2000 µg/mL concentration. Maximum Xanthomonas citrii growth was inhibited by compounds 3c showing inhibition zone 1.00-5.00 mm at highest concentration.

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In Vitro Screening of Fungicides and Plant Extracts Against Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Disease of Rauwolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth Ex Kurz

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science ◽

10.3329/jasbs.v45i1.46568 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Zuhra Yasmin ◽

Shamim Shamsi

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Rauwolfia Serpentina

Ten fungicides viz., Amcogin 50 WP, Autostin 50 WDG, Capvit 77 WP, Dithane M 45, Greengel 72 WP, Haybit 80 WG, Oxivit 40 SC, Ridomil Gold MZ, Sulcox 50 WP and Tilt 250 EC at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations were tested against, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., the causal agent of anthracnose disease of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth ex Kurz following poisoned food technique. Amcogin, Autostin and Tilt showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 100 ppm concentration. Ethanol extracts of ten plants viz., Adhatoda vesica, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limon, Curcuma longa, Lantana camara, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum sanctum, Psidium guajava, Thuja orientalis and Vitex negundo were selected to evaluate their efficacy at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations against the same pathogenic fungus. Out of the ten plant extracts, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limon, Moringa oleifera and Psidium guajava showed complete radial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 20% concentration. Amcogin, Autostin, and Tilt are suggested as best inhibiting chemical fungicides for C. gloeosporioides. Extracts of A. indica, C. limon, M. oleifera and Psidium guajava were also found to be superior to other plant extracts tested in controlling the test pathogen. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 35-43, June 2019

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The foliar fungal endophytes of Citrus limon in Argentina

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b05-009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 350-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Estela L Durán ◽

L Daniel Ploper ◽

Juan C Ramallo ◽

Rosely A Piccolo Grandi ◽

Ágata C Hupper Giancoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Transverse Section ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Host Cells ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Scanning Electron

Fungal endophytes associated with Citrus limon (L.) Burm., were investigated. Culture of surface-sterilized leaves from two orchards of lemon trees in Tucumán, located in northwestern Argentina, revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in all leaves examined. The colonization frequencies were 69.7% and 72.3% at the two sampled sites, and a total of nine taxa were isolated. Eight of the taxa had relative frequencies of >2% in at least one sample. The number of isolates was significantly lower in the spring. The assemblage composition at each site and sampling time was similar. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz., responsible for anthracnose, was consistently dominant. Another pathogenic fungus of Citrus spp., Guignardia citricarpa Kiely was also recovered as an endophyte. Scanning electron micrographs of cut uncultured and cultured leaf surfaces, seen in transverse section, showed intercellular fungal hyphae in parenchyma cells No penetration of host cells by either fungus was observed. This is the first report on fungal endophytes in leaves of lemon plants in Argentina.Key words: endophytic fungi, lemon, colonization, scanning electron microscopy.

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Root confinement and irrigation frequency affect growth of ‘Rough lemon’ (Citrus limon) seedlings

Fruits ◽

10.1051/fruits:2005026 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

George Ouma

Keyword(s):

Citrus Limon ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Rough Lemon

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Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2020.2.6.146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Author(s):

A. Muntala ◽

P. M. Norshie ◽

K. G. Santo ◽

C. K. S. Saba

Keyword(s):

Species Complex ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Small Water ◽

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

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ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOSITE EDIBLE COATING INCORPORATED WITH CITRUS LIMON L. PEEL EXTRACT AND IT’S EFFECT ON FUJI APPLES.

10.31219/osf.io/yxjcu ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Renu Jaisinghani ◽

Vishnu Vasant Dayare

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Edible Coating ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Citrus Limon ◽

Edible Coatings ◽

Lemon Peel ◽

Fruit Shelf Life ◽

Broth Dilution ◽

Peel Extract

Edible film and coatings are been looked upon for preservation of fruits, vegetables and bakery products. Extended shelf life with preservation of natural properties of food is always been a challenge; by incorporation of bio-actives in edible coatings, the shelf life can be increased as they are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. With this view, present study was undertaken, where edible coatings were prepared from starch, gelatin and glycerol and incorporated with Lemon peel extracts and coated on apples for increased shelf life. Antimicrobial activity of Lemon peel extracts was studied on eight organisms by broth dilution method and were found to be effective at concentration 3mg/mL-9mg/mL for bacteria and 50mg/mL- 90mg/mL for fungi. Fuji apples coated with starch-gelatin based edible formulation containing lemon peel extracts were studied for the effect of coating on fruit shelf life during storage for 28 days. Incorporation of lemon peel extract into edible coating improved shelf life with reducing rate of browning of apples.

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