Root confinement and irrigation frequency affect growth of ‘Rough lemon’ (Citrus limon) seedlings

Fruits ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ouma
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Rough Lemon

Carbon Dioxide Assimilation and Foliar Ion Concentrations in Leaves of Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Trees Irrigated With Nacl or Na2SO4

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Walker ◽  
DH Blackmore ◽  
Q Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

An attempt was made to differentiate between the possible effects of high Cl- or Na+ ions on lemon leaf photosynthesis by treating grafted (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. 'Taylor') plants with either NaCl or Na2SO4 to establish different foliar concentrations of Cl- or Na+. The rootstocks, Rangpur lime (C. reticulata var. austera hybrid?) and rough lemon (C. jambhiri), were chosen because Rangpur lime is known to be a good Cl- 'excluder' and rough lemon to be a poor Cl- 'excluder'. The grafted plants were initially treated for 7 weeks with nutrient solution (control) or nutrient solution containing 50 mol m-3 NaCl or 25 mol m-3 Na2SO4, after which time there were only marginal reductions in both photosynthetic rates and shoot growth, with the exception of 'Taylor' lemon on rough lemon roostock treated with NaCl where growth was affected more severely than the other treatments. Salinity levels were then doubled to 100 mol m-3 NaCl and 50 mol m-3 Na2SO4 and the plants treated for a further 8 weeks, causing significant increases in leaf Na+ and/or Cl- concentrations. Mature, 3-4-month-old leaves of 'Taylor' lemon on Rangpur lime rootstock treated with Na2SO4 for this period, contained c. 105 mol m-3 Na+ and c. 10 mol m-3 Cl- and had photosynthetic rates 60% lower than controls. Similar reductions in assimilation rate were seen in leaves on rough lemon roostock treated with NaCl containing c. 195 mol m-3 Cl- and c. 35 mol m-3 Na+. Smaller (35%) but significant reductions in assimilation rate were observed for trees on rough lemon roostock treated with Na2SO4, where the tagged leaves contained c. 40 mol m-3 Na+ and 50 mol m-3 SO42-. Leaf nitrogen concentrations were significantly reduced by treatment of trees with NaCl or Na2SO4 but, apart from small reductions in chlorophyll concentrations, there were no visible symptoms of nitrogen deficiency. Leaf turgor was not adversely affected. The data indicate that both Cl- and Na+ can reduce assimilation rates in salt-stressed lemon leaves, possibly because of poor compartmentation within leaves of either ion. Increases in leaf Na+ and Cl- accounted for 54-96% of the reduction in osmotic potential in 'Taylor' lemon leaves on trees treated with NaCl, whereas increases in Na+ and SO42- accounted for 33-71% of the reduction in osmotic potential in leaves on trees irrigated with Na2SO4. The greater increase in Cl- compared with the net increase of [Na+ + K+] in 'Taylor' leaves on rough lemon rootstocks was offset (65%) by reductions in malic and succinic acids. Proline increased significantly only in 'Taylor' leaves on Rangpur lime roostock treated with Na2SO4.

Evaluation of rootstocks for Eureka and Lisbon lemons in replant ground in New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
P Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Large Flower

The yield, growth, fruit quality, and graft compatibility of 2 lemon cultivars Eureka and Lisbon [Citrus limon (L.) Bum. f.], budded onto several new rootstocks, were studied in replant ground.Promising rootstocks for Eureka lemon were 2 new hybrids bred at Gosford, New South Wales, 3798 (Scarlet mandarin x Poncirus trifoliata) and 4017 (Smooth Seville x P. trifoliata), and also Benton citrange and Nelspruit hybrid 639. Trees on the sour orange group of rootstocks including Xingshan, Dai Dai and Baggan yielded 44-63% less than trees on rough lemon rootstocks; but their fruit quality, as evidenced by juice per cent, OBrix, and citric acid (kg/t), was better. The performance of Lisbon lemon was tested on 10 selections of F'. trifoliata, and although trees on Flying Dragon were smaller and yielded about 50% less than on Swingle, Christiansen, Large Flower, and selection 22, results were not significantly (P<0.05) different.

OXIDATIVE ENZYME RESPONSES OF SIX CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS INFECTED WITH PHOMA TRACHEIPHILA (PETRI) KANTSCHAVELI AND GIKASHVILI

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYDIN UZUN ◽  
UBEYIT SEDAY ◽  
ERCAN CANIHOS ◽  
OSMAN GULSEN
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Mal Secco

SUMMARYCitrus trees are often exposed to severe infectious diseases. Mal secco caused by Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantschaveli and Gikashvili is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of lemons (Citrus limon Burm. F.). In the present study, antioxidant enzyme activity in different mal secco-resistant and susceptible citrus rootstocks including Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Tan.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), Volkameriana (C. volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.), Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. X C. sinensis L. Osbeck) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) was investigated. Possible differences in constitutive levels of these antioxidant enzymes and correlations between enzyme levels and mal secco caused by P. tracheiphila were examined. Among the rootstocks, Cleopatra mandarin was found to be resistant to mal secco, whereas rough lemon, sour orange and trifoliate orange were highly susceptible. Total peroxidase (TPX; EC: 1.11.1.7) activity increased in all infected rootstocks. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC: 1.11.1.11) activity increased in most of the rootstocks and no correlation was found between catalase (CAT; EC: 1.11.1.6) activity and mal secco resistance. This study indicates that overall TPX activity is upregulated and APX activity is up- and down-regulated depending on the type of rootstock in response to P. tracheiphila infection.

THE SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES ON LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF PANONYCHUS CITRI (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Jones ◽  
Michael P. Parrella
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Citrus Red Mite ◽  
Rough Lemon

AbstractPopulations of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), reared on “rough lemon” seedlings (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) in a greenhouse and treated with malathion or permethrin were significantly higher than those on untreated seedlings. Significant increases were demonstrated in age-specific fecundity (mx), mortality corrected mx (lx mx), and net reproductive rate (Ro) values for mites reared in the laboratory on leaves treated with malathion or permethrin when compared with those reared on untreated leaves. Mites reared on oxamyl-treated leaves exhibited significant reductions in age-specific survivorship (% lx), mx, lxmx, and Ro values compared with those reared on untreated leaves. The importance of reproductive stimulation in relation to other causes of pest resurgence is discussed.

Deuterophoma tracheiphila. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Mal Secco ◽  
Whole Tree

Abstract A description is provided for Deuterophoma tracheiphila. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Citrus limon; also Citrus aurantium, C. grandis, C. medica and rough lemon. DISEASE: Mal secco of Citrus spp., mainly lemon (C. limon). The first, although less specific, symptom of this vascular disease (tracheomycosis) is a sudden wilt and death of the leaves. If infection occurs towards the base of the tree or through the roots collapse is quick and the whole tree is eventually killed. Depending on the pattern of infection wilt may begin in one section or in several parts of the tree. If infection begins in the upper canopy spread of the leaf and branch collapse is much slower. Cuts into the wood (before wilt and death of the bark) reveal the characteristic orange-yellow to reddish discoloration of the vascular tissue. The host epidermal covering over the pycnidia assumes an ashy appearance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Found in the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas: Algeria, Cyprus, France, Greece (including Crete and the Aegean Islands), Israel, Italy (including Sardinia), Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR (Republic of Georgia and Caucasus). Countries in the region that appear free from mal secco are Morocco Portugal and Spain (43, 3223). A record from Colombia (Choco, 46, 3029) probably requires confirmation and one for Uganda should be deleted (CMI Map 155, Ed. 2, 1966). TRANSMISSION: Water-borne from host debris.

scholarly journals 750 PB 114 PARALLEL CHANGES IN AMMONIA, ARGININE AND PUTRESCINE CONTENT AND METABOLISM IN POTASSIUM-DEFICIENT CITRUS LIMON(L)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 540e-540
Author(s):  
Yusheng Zheng ◽  
Carol J. Lovatt
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Arginine Concentration

Rough lemon seedlings [Citrus limon (L)] were hydroponically-cultured in complete Shive's nutrient solution (+K) or in Shive's nutrient solution with potassium omitted (-K) for a period of eight months. Fresh and dry weight of whole -K plants were reduced 4-fold (P<0.01). Nitrogen metabolism was monitored during this period in young, fully expanded leaves. Results showed that leaves of -K plants accumulated 2.5-fold more NH3-NH4 + than +K plants (P<0.01) and exhibited a concomitant increase in both activity of the de novo arginine biosynthetic pathway (2.5-fold) and free-arginine concentration (3.5-fold; P<0.001). Leaf proline content of -K plants increased 1.6-fold (P<0.05), while putrescine content increased 10-fold. Arginine decarboxylase activity was accelerated in -K plants.

Citrus Irrigation Management

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Mayeso Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi ◽  
Arnold Schumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Citrus Production

Water is a limiting factor in Florida citrus production during the majority of the year because of the low water holding capacity of sandy soils resulting from low clay and the non-uniform distribution of the rainfall. In Florida, the major portion of rainfall comes in June through September. However, rainfall is scarce during the dry period from February through May, which coincides with the critical stages of bloom, leaf expansion, fruit set, and fruit enlargement. Irrigation is practiced to provide water when rainfall is not sufficient or timely to meet water needs. Proper irrigation scheduling is the application of water to crops only when needed and only in the amounts needed; that is, determining when to irrigate and how much water to apply. With proper irrigation scheduling, yield will not be limited by water stress. With citrus greening (HLB), irrigation scheduling is becoming more important and critical and growers cannot afford water stress or water excess. Any degree of water stress or imbalance can produce a deleterious change in physiological activity of growth and production of citrus trees.  The number of fruit, fruit size, and tree canopy are reduced and premature fruit drop is increased with water stress.  Extension growth in shoots and roots and leaf expansion are all negatively impacted by water stress. Other benefits of proper irrigation scheduling include reduced loss of nutrients from leaching as a result of excess water applications and reduced pollution of groundwater or surface waters from the leaching of nutrients. Recent studies have shown that for HLB-affected trees, irrigation frequency should increase and irrigation amounts should decrease to minimize water stress from drought stress or water excess, while ensuring optimal water availability in the rootzone at all times.

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOSITE EDIBLE COATING INCORPORATED WITH CITRUS LIMON L. PEEL EXTRACT AND IT’S EFFECT ON FUJI APPLES.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Jaisinghani ◽  
Vishnu Vasant Dayare
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Peel Extract

Edible film and coatings are been looked upon for preservation of fruits, vegetables and bakery products. Extended shelf life with preservation of natural properties of food is always been a challenge; by incorporation of bio-actives in edible coatings, the shelf life can be increased as they are known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. With this view, present study was undertaken, where edible coatings were prepared from starch, gelatin and glycerol and incorporated with Lemon peel extracts and coated on apples for increased shelf life. Antimicrobial activity of Lemon peel extracts was studied on eight organisms by broth dilution method and were found to be effective at concentration 3mg/mL-9mg/mL for bacteria and 50mg/mL- 90mg/mL for fungi. Fuji apples coated with starch-gelatin based edible formulation containing lemon peel extracts were studied for the effect of coating on fruit shelf life during storage for 28 days. Incorporation of lemon peel extract into edible coating improved shelf life with reducing rate of browning of apples.

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