Rapid and reversible modulation of blood haemoglobin content during diel cycles of hypoxia in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus)

In Daphnia the haemoglobin content of the blood is known to increase in water that is deficient in dissolved oxygen and to decrease in well-aerated water. This is also true of other Cladocera, e.g. Chydorus . Conchostraca in poorly aerated water gain haemoglobin rapidly, but in well-aerated water they lose it slowly; Daphnia gains and loses it at the same rate. Larvae of the dipteran insects Chironomus and Anatopynia , and young of the pond snail Planorbis , synthesize more blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated than in well-aerated water. The annelid worms Arenicola , Scoloplos and Tubifex do not synthesize more blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated water. The haemoglobin content of tissue cells may increase when animals are in poorly aerated water and decrease in well-aerated water. This is so for muscles and nerve ganglia of Daphnia and Conchostraca, but not for muscles of the pond snail Physa or parenchyma of a rhabdocoele worm. Cytochrome in muscles of Daphnia and Conchostraca increases and decreases in amount, just as haemoglobin does, with decrease and increase of environmental oxygen.

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Fluctuations in the haemoglobin content of Daphnia

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1949.0032 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 136 (884) ◽

pp. 388-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Content ◽

Late Stage ◽

Brood Pouch ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Parthenogenetic Female ◽

Algal Food ◽

Blood Haemoglobin ◽

Haemoglobin Content ◽

Haemoglobin Synthesis

Pond-dwelling species of Daphnia are known to synthesize blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated natural w aters. It has now been found that a lake plankton species, the blood of which is colourless in nature, also synthesizes haemoglobin in artificial conditions of oxygen deficit. Haemoglobin formation in Daphnia , resulting from a low oxygen content of the water, increases with the amount of algal food eaten, up to a certain nutritional level. Chlorophyll in the food has not been found to favour haemoglobin synthesis. In the water of ponds harbouring red Daphnia we have found no factor stimulating haemoglobin synthesis other than oxygen deficit. The haemoglobin content of the blood of Daphnia varies within each instar. It is least when eggs are laid by the parthenogenetic female in her brood pouch and greatest when the eggs have developed into late-stage embryos ready to be released. After this, during the few hours before the moult and the laying of more eggs, the haemoglobin content of the blood decreases rapidly. At the same time the ovaries gain haemoglobin. This implies that haemoglobin passes from the blood into the ovaries shortly before the eggs are laid. During the development of the eggs in the brood pouch, the blood of the female gradually reacquires its full haemoglobin content.

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Haematological changes during development of the noisy miner: implications for oxygen transport

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo99031 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 455 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amanda J. Bolton ◽

John Baldwin ◽

Alan Lill

Keyword(s):

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Erythrocyte Volume ◽

Nestling Development ◽

Constant Change ◽

Noisy Miner ◽

Blood Haemoglobin ◽

Haemoglobin Content ◽

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Changes in erythrocyte numbers and size, haematocrit and blood haemoglobin concentration in noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) nestlings were documented from measurements taken on wild individuals during development. Haematocrit, whole-blood haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count increased during development by factors of 2.0, 2.4 and 3.5, respectively. The increases were continuous and occurred at fairly constant rates throughout development, but typical adult values were not attained at fledging. Mean erythrocyte volume and mean erythrocyte haemoglobin content decreased continuously during nestling development. The estimated 2.4-fold increase in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood during development stemmed primarily from the increase in erythrocyte numbers. The reduction in erythrocyte volume would be expected to enhance oxygen delivery by increasing oxygen-diffusion rates. This pattern of constant change in blood parameters resembled that reported for species with standard, rather than unusually slow, rates of nestling development. We suggest that it reflects the fact that noisy miner nestlings grow relatively rapidly, perhaps because it reduces the exposure of nestlings to predation.

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The effect of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation with guanfacin on thermogenesis in fasted and fed sheep

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas95-081 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 537-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. O. O. Miaron ◽

R. J. Christopherson ◽

R. T. Hardin

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Heat Production ◽

Open Circuit ◽

High Dose ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Blood Haemoglobin ◽

High Doses ◽

Haemoglobin Content

Eight sheep with an average body weight of 99 kg were divided into two groups (fasted and fed) of four and kept in individual pens. The sheep were used to examine the effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation on heat production, heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature and plasma parameters. On the day of the experiment, food but not water was withheld from the fasted group and the fed group received 1.0 kg of pelleted alfalfa diet. The treatments consisting of vehicle (saline) and three levels (low = 0.8 mg; medium = 1.6 mg; high = 2.4 mg per sheep) of guanfacin were administered intravenously in a split-plot experimental design. The heat production was determined by open circuit respiration calorimetry, the heart rate was recorded by an electrocardiograph and the rectal and skin temperatures were measured with a Fisher Digital Thermometer. When compared to saline, guanfacin reduced (P < 0.05) the heat production of fasted sheep (1.21 vs. 0.99, 1.09, 0.98 W kg−1) for the low, medium and high doses, respectively. For the fed sheep the medium and high doses reduced total post-feeding heat production (1.64 vs. 1.43, 1.55 W kg−1). The difference in heat production between the fed and fasted animals was not altered by guanfacin. The skin temperature was reduced by all doses of guanfacin in the fasted sheep but only by the high dose in the fed sheep. The heart rate was not affected by guanfacin. The high dose increased the rectal temperature of fed sheep. In both groups the high dose resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in blood haemoglobin content. Guanfacin induced a two- to threefold increase in plasma glucose and a transient response in insulin concentration. We conclude that short-term alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation with guanfacin suppresses the heat production of both fasted and fed sheep but has no effect on the heat increment of feeding. Key words: Calorimetry, alpha2-adrenoceptors, guanfacin, feeding, sheep

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In-vivo effects of nociceptin and its structural analogue [Orn9] nociceptin on the antioxidant status of rat blood and liver after carrageenan-induced paw inflammation

Open Medicine ◽

10.2478/s11536-009-0117-3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 123-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lubomir Petrov ◽

Elina Tzvetanova ◽

Almira Pavlova ◽

Albena Alexandrova ◽

Rositsa Zamfirova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Glutathione Level ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

Blood Haemoglobin ◽

Haemoglobin Content ◽

In Vivo Effects

AbstractThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is well balanced with their elimination by the antioxidant defence system. This balance is essential for maintenance of physiological conditions, and its disturbance (oxidative stress) has been suggested as a potential pathogenic mechanism in a variety of diseases, accompanied by inflammation. In this study, the in-vivo effects of nociceptin (N/OFQ(1–13)NH2) and its structure analogue [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 were studied on markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and liver of rats 4 hours after subplantar administration of carrageenan (CG) (1%, 100 µl) in the right hind paw. A considerable inflammatory oedema of the paw was observed. CG did not change blood haemoglobin content, hematocrit value, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes, but there was an increase in lipid peroxidation. In liver, CG-induced imbalance was manifested by an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione level. Both peptides (20 µg, i.p.), when administered alone, had no effect on all parameters tested. When either [Orn9]N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 or N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 was injected simultaneously with CG or 15 minutes before it, they did not affect the CG-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the erythrocytes and liver. Our results suggest that the peptides tested did not play a role in the free radical processes that accompany CG-induced paw inflammation.

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Urbanization impacts on production and recruitment of Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh creeks

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 645 ◽

pp. 187-204

Author(s):

PJ Rudershausen ◽

JA Buckel

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽

Multiple Factor Analysis ◽

Southeastern Usa ◽

Density Dependent ◽

Dependent Relationship ◽

Juvenile Abundance ◽

The Relationship ◽

Throw Trap

It is unclear how urbanization affects secondary biological production in estuaries in the southeastern USA. We estimated production of larval/juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus in salt marsh areas of North Carolina tidal creeks and tested for factors influencing production. F. heteroclitus were collected with a throw trap in salt marshes of 5 creeks subjected to a range of urbanization intensities. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) was used to reduce dimensionality of habitat and urbanization effects in the creeks and their watersheds. Production was then related to the first 2 dimensions of the MFA, month, and year. Lastly, we determined the relationship between creek-wide larval/juvenile production and abundance from spring and abundance of adults from autumn of the same year. Production in marsh (g m-2 d-1) varied between years and was negatively related to the MFA dimension that indexed salt marsh; higher rates of production were related to creeks with higher percentages of marsh. An asymptotic relationship was found between abundance of adults and creek-wide production of larvae/juveniles and an even stronger density-dependent relationship was found between abundance of adults and creek-wide larval/juvenile abundance. Results demonstrate (1) the ability of F. heteroclitus to maintain production within salt marsh in creeks with a lesser percentage of marsh as long as this habitat is not removed altogether and (2) a density-dependent link between age-0 production/abundance and subsequent adult recruitment. Given the relationship between production and marsh area, natural resource agencies should consider impacts of development on production when permitting construction in the southeastern USA.

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