Post-mortem variation in pH, temperature, and colour profiles of veal carcasses in relation to breed, blood haemoglobin content, and carcass characteristics

Meat Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Klont ◽  
V.M.H. Barnier ◽  
F.J.M. Smulders ◽  
A. Van Dijk ◽  
A.H. Hoving-Bolink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

The effect of oxygen on the concentration of haem in invertebrates

1955 ◽  
Vol 143 (911) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Haemoglobin Content ◽  
Water Gain

In Daphnia the haemoglobin content of the blood is known to increase in water that is deficient in dissolved oxygen and to decrease in well-aerated water. This is also true of other Cladocera, e.g. Chydorus . Conchostraca in poorly aerated water gain haemoglobin rapidly, but in well-aerated water they lose it slowly; Daphnia gains and loses it at the same rate. Larvae of the dipteran insects Chironomus and Anatopynia , and young of the pond snail Planorbis , synthesize more blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated than in well-aerated water. The annelid worms Arenicola , Scoloplos and Tubifex do not synthesize more blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated water. The haemoglobin content of tissue cells may increase when animals are in poorly aerated water and decrease in well-aerated water. This is so for muscles and nerve ganglia of Daphnia and Conchostraca, but not for muscles of the pond snail Physa or parenchyma of a rhabdocoele worm. Cytochrome in muscles of Daphnia and Conchostraca increases and decreases in amount, just as haemoglobin does, with decrease and increase of environmental oxygen.

Fluctuations in the haemoglobin content of Daphnia

1949 ◽  
Vol 136 (884) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Parthenogenetic Female ◽  
Algal Food ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Haemoglobin Content ◽  
Haemoglobin Synthesis

Pond-dwelling species of Daphnia are known to synthesize blood haemoglobin in poorly aerated natural w aters. It has now been found that a lake plankton species, the blood of which is colourless in nature, also synthesizes haemoglobin in artificial conditions of oxygen deficit. Haemoglobin formation in Daphnia , resulting from a low oxygen content of the water, increases with the amount of algal food eaten, up to a certain nutritional level. Chlorophyll in the food has not been found to favour haemoglobin synthesis. In the water of ponds harbouring red Daphnia we have found no factor stimulating haemo­globin synthesis other than oxygen deficit. The haemoglobin content of the blood of Daphnia varies within each instar. It is least when eggs are laid by the parthenogenetic female in her brood pouch and greatest when the eggs have developed into late-stage embryos ready to be released. After this, during the few hours before the moult and the laying of more eggs, the haemoglobin content of the blood decreases rapidly. At the same time the ovaries gain haemoglobin. This implies that haemoglobin passes from the blood into the ovaries shortly before the eggs are laid. During the development of the eggs in the brood pouch, the blood of the female gradually reacquires its full haemoglobin content.

Haematological changes during development of the noisy miner: implications for oxygen transport

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Bolton ◽  
John Baldwin ◽  
Alan Lill
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Nestling Development ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Noisy Miner ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Haemoglobin Content ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Changes in erythrocyte numbers and size, haematocrit and blood haemoglobin concentration in noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) nestlings were documented from measurements taken on wild individuals during development. Haematocrit, whole-blood haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count increased during development by factors of 2.0, 2.4 and 3.5, respectively. The increases were continuous and occurred at fairly constant rates throughout development, but typical adult values were not attained at fledging. Mean erythrocyte volume and mean erythrocyte haemoglobin content decreased continuously during nestling development. The estimated 2.4-fold increase in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood during development stemmed primarily from the increase in erythrocyte numbers. The reduction in erythrocyte volume would be expected to enhance oxygen delivery by increasing oxygen-diffusion rates. This pattern of constant change in blood parameters resembled that reported for species with standard, rather than unusually slow, rates of nestling development. We suggest that it reflects the fact that noisy miner nestlings grow relatively rapidly, perhaps because it reduces the exposure of nestlings to predation.

scholarly journals Comparing Gas and Electrical Stunning: Effects on Meat Quality of Pigs When Pre-Stunning Physical Activity Is Minimal

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
E. M. Claudia Terlouw ◽  
Véronique Deiss ◽  
Thierry Astruc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum

A total of thirty pigs were experimentally slaughtered using gas (80% CO2 in air, 90 s; 30% CO2/70% N2O; 90 s) or electrical stunning (1.3 A, 10 s). Stunning may accelerate post-mortem muscle metabolism, due to psychological stress and/or muscle contractions. The specific effects of the stunning method were studied by limiting pre-stunning physical activity and stress: pigs were driven in a trolley from the rearing to the stunning site (6.5 m) and immediately slaughtered. Bleeding efficiency and carcass characteristics were similar and satisfactory for all stunning methods. Early post-mortem pH decline in the Longissimus lumborum was faster following gas compared to electrical stunning. The pH of other muscles was not influenced; color and drip loss showed minor effects. Hence, results are in contrast to current beliefs: compared to electrical stunning, following gas stunning, the stress and muscle contractions during the induction of unconsciousness have a slightly greater impact on Longissimus lumborum muscle metabolism; differences are minor and limited to certain muscles only.

Carcass characteristics of young red deer farmed on hill pasture

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. B. Kay ◽  
G. A. M. Sharman ◽  
W. J. Hamilton ◽  
E. D. Goodall ◽  
K. Pennie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYCarcass characteristics were studied in young red deer raised on a Scottish hill farm with heather·dominant pasture. Stags slaughtered in September when 15 or 27 months old were very lean, and entire and castrate animals were similar in weight. At 15 months they were barely a half of their expected mature weight. With no pre-slaughter fasting, dressed carcass weight was 49–51% of live weight. A more detailed analysis of carcass conformation was made in a study of entire stags, castrate stags and hinds slaughtered when 15 months old after being held overnight without food or water. The three groups were similar in that their dressed carcasses weighed about 52% of live weight and the content of first class lean meat amounted to 32% of live weight. There was only 4·5% of chemical fat in the empty carcass.The pH of the meat 36 h post mortem often remained high in the stag groups, relative to a mean value of pH 5·7 found in shot wild stags. This high-pH character was little affected by the severity of stress immediately before slaughter, nor by the availability of food. It seemed to be caused by holding the animals in unfamiliar surroundings for some 16 h before slaughter.

The effect of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation with guanfacin on thermogenesis in fasted and fed sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. O. Miaron ◽  
R. J. Christopherson ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

Eight sheep with an average body weight of 99 kg were divided into two groups (fasted and fed) of four and kept in individual pens. The sheep were used to examine the effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation on heat production, heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature and plasma parameters. On the day of the experiment, food but not water was withheld from the fasted group and the fed group received 1.0 kg of pelleted alfalfa diet. The treatments consisting of vehicle (saline) and three levels (low = 0.8 mg; medium = 1.6 mg; high = 2.4 mg per sheep) of guanfacin were administered intravenously in a split-plot experimental design. The heat production was determined by open circuit respiration calorimetry, the heart rate was recorded by an electrocardiograph and the rectal and skin temperatures were measured with a Fisher Digital Thermometer. When compared to saline, guanfacin reduced (P < 0.05) the heat production of fasted sheep (1.21 vs. 0.99, 1.09, 0.98 W kg−1) for the low, medium and high doses, respectively. For the fed sheep the medium and high doses reduced total post-feeding heat production (1.64 vs. 1.43, 1.55 W kg−1). The difference in heat production between the fed and fasted animals was not altered by guanfacin. The skin temperature was reduced by all doses of guanfacin in the fasted sheep but only by the high dose in the fed sheep. The heart rate was not affected by guanfacin. The high dose increased the rectal temperature of fed sheep. In both groups the high dose resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in blood haemoglobin content. Guanfacin induced a two- to threefold increase in plasma glucose and a transient response in insulin concentration. We conclude that short-term alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation with guanfacin suppresses the heat production of both fasted and fed sheep but has no effect on the heat increment of feeding. Key words: Calorimetry, alpha2-adrenoceptors, guanfacin, feeding, sheep

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