Mechanical and fracture mechanical characterization of building materials used for external thermal insulation composite systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Nilica ◽  
Harald Harmuth
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Materials Used

scholarly journals INDOOR MICROCLIMATIC VARIABLES ASSESSMENT BY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY ON ORIGINAL STRUCTURE OF TROPAEUM TRAIANI MONUMENT, ADAMCLISI

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
RADU LUCIAN OLTEANU ◽  
CRISTIANA RADULESCU ◽  
CLAUDIA STIHI ◽  
IOANA DANIELA DULAMA ◽  
CRISTINA MIHAELA NICOLESCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Major Scale ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Structural Aspects

This work attempts to show the usefulness of vibrational spectroscopy (i.e., FTIR and Raman) in the analysis of major components of the original structure materials of a heritage monument (Tropaeum Traiani, Adamclisi). The features of materials and indoor microclimatic variables (i.e., temperature and relative humidity), on the periods of the monitoring campaigns, were considered. As the conservation must make sure about the physicochemical and structural aspects of the materials, assessment of the environmental impact, deterioration processes and characterization of ancient building materials are useful to understand the chemical evolution in the past, predict the various trends in the future, choose the suitable restoration methods to preserve their present state, and even to describe the alteration process of materials and modification through time. The surface of original structure materials used until present seems not to be affected at major scale by the indoor microclimate variables. But even high recorded relative humidity levels promote the occurrence of amorphous calcium carbonate, calcite, aragonite and vaterite highlighted by vibrational spectroscopy data (i.e., FTIR and Raman), as a first effect, the development of biological organism can be enhanced, depending on the characteristics of the substrate. Second, atmospheric pollutants can be dissolved easier in the humidity existing in the porous material, and lastly, if the waterflow inside the stone is not homogeneous, cracks could appear due to differences in permeability.

Experimental Study on the Thermal Conductivity of Thermal Insulation Materials Used in Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 535-538
Author(s):  
Young Sun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Design Documents ◽  
Materials Used

The most basic way to keep comfortable indoor environments for a building’s occupants and save energy for space heating and cooling in residential buildings is to insulate the building envelope. Among the building materials to be used, thermal insulation materials primarily influence thermal performance. In particular, the type, thermal conductivity, density, and thickness of heat insulator, are important factors influencing thermal insulation performance. We investigate the design status of residential buildings which were designed in accordance with the building code of Korea and selected the type of thermal insulation materials applied to the walls of buildings. The present study aims at measuring the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials used for building walls of residential buildings. In this study, after collecting the design documents of 129 residential buildings, we investigated the type and thickness of insulation materials on the exterior wall specified in the design documents. As the thermal insulation materials, extruded polystyrene (XPS) board and expanded polystyrene(EPS) board are used the most widely in Korea when designing residential buildings. The thickness of thermal insulation materials applied to the exterior wall was 70mm, most frequently applied to the design. We measured the thermal conductivity and the density of XPS board and EPS board. When the density of XPS and EPS was 30~35 kg/㎥, the thermal conductivity of XPS was 0.0292 W/mK and it of EPS was 0.0316 W/mK.

scholarly journals Mortars from the Palace of Knossos in Crete, Greece: A Multi-Analytical Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Sousa ◽  
Nuno Leal ◽  
Joaquim Simão ◽  
Elissavet Kavoulaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Materials Used

The study of building materials constituting cultural heritage is fundamental to understand their characteristics and predict their behavior. When considering materials from archaeological sites, their characterization can provide not only relevant information for a broader understanding of the site and its importance and significance but can also increase knowledge about ancient materials and their performance. The Palace of Knossos is a very important archaeological site in the European history context, and its preservation benefits from the characterization of the constituent materials. Samples of mortars from this monument were collected under the scope of the H2020 HERACLES project, where a multi-analytical approach was chosen using established protocols for the different sample typologies. Instrumental techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) were used for the chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of these mortar samples. The results indicate that the majority are lime mortars, both aerial and hydraulic, but gypsum-based mortars were also identified. Differences in the chemical composition of the samples in distinct areas of the monument allowed us to reflect on the variety of materials used in the construction of the Palace of Knossos.

Effect of carbon reinforcements on selected properties of mortar

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Payman Sahbah Ahmed ◽  
Manar Nazar Ahmed ◽  
Samal Osman Saied
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Short Carbon

Purpose The purpose of this research is using materials to improve the thermal insulation, and reducing the cost. A large amount of energy is consumed by masonary due to cooling and heating. Adding material with certain percentages to the building materials is one of the ways to improve the thermal insulation, and these additives should keep as much as possible the mechanical properties of the building materials. Carbon additives are one of commonly used materials to masonry materials. In spite of the many advantages of using carbon fibers and carbon nano tubes (CNTs) to the cementitious materials, they are very expansive and their thermal conductivity is high. Design/methodology/approach In this research charcoal (which is a product of burning process) with very low thermal conductivity and cost in the form of micro particles will be used with mortar and compared with short carbon fibers and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via thermal conductivity, density and compressive strength tests. This research includes also an effort to build a model of building to evaluate the thermal insulation of the materials used in the practical part. The main building design and performance simulation tool in this research is DesignBuilder. Findings Results showed that adding micro charcoal particles to mortar resulted in improving the thermal insulation and decrease the rate of reduction in the compressive strength compared to other additives, while adding short carbon fibers resulted in improving the thermal insulation and decrease the compressive strength. Adding MWCNT to the mortar had a negative effect on mechanical and physical properties, i.e. compressive strength, density and thermal insulation. Originality/value This paper uses DesignBuilder software to design a model of building made from the materials used in the practical part to predict and evaluate the thermal insulation.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization and reinforcement of the adobe material of the Chellah archaeological site

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Sana Simou ◽  
Khadija Baba ◽  
Nacer Akkouri ◽  
Mohammed Lamrani ◽  
Mohammed Tajayout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Wood Shaving

The evaluation of historical buildings has always posed significant challenges due to the difficulties associated with the characterization of complex geometries, the variability of the properties of building materials and the actual state of damage to these structures. This challenge is even more complex when it concerns historical adobe masonry buildings, because earthen masonry has a high variability and rapid deterioration over time if it is not properly maintained. In the context of the previous, it was important to provide information to support intervention projects in historic centres. This research involves the experimental analysis of the adobe material collected from the Chellah archaeological site (Rabat-Morocco), in order to study the mechanical behaviour of this material as well as that reinforced by wood shaving. A series of mechanical tests carried out, which include compressive and tensile strength on the adobe material and the mixture adobe/wood fibre in different proportions. The improvement of the mechanical properties of the reinforced adobe, led us to a SEM study, which was carried out on the surface of the test specimens to examine the morphology and observe the interfaces of the adobe/wood mixture, as well as the state of dispersion of the fibres in the adobe mixture.

Research Survey of Electroformed Nickel Material Properties Used in MEMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 645-646 ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Zhong Li ◽  
Geng Chen Shi ◽  
Li Sui ◽  
Fu Ting Yi ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Research Status ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Electroforming Process ◽  
Electroformed Nickel ◽  
Materials Used

As one of the significant structural materials used in safe and arming system of MEMS fuze, the research on micro-electroforming process technologies and micro-electroforming nickel’s properties have been a popular field for MEMS area. This paper surveys present domestic and overseas research status of mechanical characterization of electroformed nickel, summarizes and analyzes that changes of the microstructure led by parameters of micro-electroforming process and the external environment make great effects.

scholarly journals Thermal, physical and mechanical characterization of volcanic tuff masonries for the restoration of historic buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (333) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
M. M. Barbero-Barrera ◽  
N. Flores-Medina ◽  
E. Moreno-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Canary Island ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stone Decay ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Volcanic Tuff

An in-depth knowledge of building materials is essential in order to preserve them. Tuffs are one of the main types volcanic rocks in the Canary Islands. They are mainly used in masonry or as a filler of the ornamental parts of the façades. In both cases, they have been protected to guarantee their durability. However, in recent years, the renderings have been eliminated and the stone has been exposed to the elements. In this paper, two types of Canary-Island volcanic tuffs were characterized from a physical and mechanical point of view as well as their energy conservation, in order to better understand their behaviour and analyze the criteria for preserving them. Thermal conductivity and fluxes increase 2-3 times in wet conditions, as compared to dry ones. This, together with their high porosity demands the use of renderings to avoid stone decay, and at the same time improving living conditions.

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