Comparing the use of modern and traditional building design systems in construction projects

Any construction project through several stages, starting from the feasibilitystudy stage to the project delivery stage, as the most critical stage that must be focused on is the design stage. It was essential to adopt modern and advanced programs at the design stage to avoid problems and claims between the employer and the contractor due to changes and errors that occur in the project—design process. BIM is one of the modern technologies with many benefits that can be used to solve these errors and obstacles. This research aims to clarify the effectiveness of introducing the BIM system in the design stage of the construction building by comparing it with traditional CAD systems. In this research, ten different actual projects were studied in the architectural design stage to be used in the comparison process between BIM and CAD systems. The researcher reached a set of results, including that introducing the (BIM) in the architectural and structural design stage can reduce the time required to produce design documents by up to (67.6%). This study is helpful for all governmental and private design companies and encourages decision-makers to use the BIM system.

Desglose y sistematización de ítems para las labores de supervisión formal de proyectos de edificación

Graduates of technical architecture and construction have several work possibilities ahead of them. One is to join firms that carry out supervisory work of construction design projects, and their role in such firms is to perform an in-depth and formal verification of the content of design documents. This paper presents a number of results obtained in practical activities with students, the objective of which was to understand how they would carry out the management of such supervisory tasks by means of a systematic process of item verification. It is thus intended to hold an exercise of how they will eventually organise their professional duties. The results are grouped into five fully systematised checklist tables, one for each of the component elements of design projects (description, attachments, plans, measurements and budgets, and terms and conditions). A total of 108 testing and control checks were envisaged, each of which is well suited to be used, as-is, in a real professional context.

Restoration of the Elementary School "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi"-Skopje

The post-earthquake rebuilding of Skopje provided valuable examples of modernist architecture that deserve to be included in the category of a protected building heritage. A prominent instance is the elementary school named after the famous Swiss educator and pedagogue "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi", the first example in this area that introduces the practical application of deeply thought-out methods of integral education promoted by him in the early 19th century. Many contemporary architects have incorporated the efficient use of this educational concept, including the renowned Swiss architect Alfred Roth, creating a unique sample of a school that includes specific geographic and regional features (climatic, seismic, cultural - aesthetic). In terms of properties, the building contains originality, rarity, and aesthetic-artistic value. With reference to other criteria, it also includes the value of authentic preservation, which is in crisis without adoption of adequate and prompt protection and restoration measures. In respect of protecting the school from further destruction, the Swiss Embassy in Skopje made an official request for a study and design documents for the school reconstruction by detecting all critical issues, developed and executed by the expert team from the Faculty of Architecture in Skopje. This paper, which is based on the results of the research, conducted by us as a part of the group, aims to elaborate the methodological approach of the analyses contained in the study, which, as a pre-design procedure, provided a solid base for developing design documents. A significant component of the study that needs to be emphasized was the use of computer technology throughout the work process, using parametric insertion of structural and other elements of the building's architecture into a 3D model. This approach allowed the generation of architectural details across any part of the facility in an exact form, which proved extremely useful through the process of constructing the design documents.

Analytical and Experimental Study of the Piles Cap Normal and Light Weight Aerated Concrete: Literature Review

The main objective of this study is to understand the work of the pile caps made of lightweight aerated foam concrete and study the many factors affecting the ability and the capacity of the shear. The study was done by analyzing previous practical and theoretical experiences on the reinforced concrete pile caps. The previous practical results indicated that all specimens failed by shear diagonal compression or tension modes except one specimen that failed flexural-shear mode. Based on test specimens' practical results and behavior, some theoretical methods for estimating the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete pile caps have been recommended, some of which evolved into the design documents available on the subject. A theoretical and practical study of compression concluded that the shear capacity is limited by the nodal zone bearing stresses. The flexural capacity can be described by the column load that would cause the yielding of the tie (i.e., steel reinforcement). Therefore, the design of pile caps should include a check on bearing strength to be added to the traditional section force approach for pile cap design.

Generating Program Identifier Dictionary for Maintaining Legacy Systems

Descriptions of program identifiers improve the maintainability of programs. Modern software projects maintain proper descriptions by following coding conventions. However, software projects maintained for a long time have two problems: (i) descriptions at incorrect locations and (ii) no descriptions. We propose the method of generating a identifier dictionary for managing identifiers and their descriptions, which enables developers to refer to identifier descriptions from anywhere within programs. The method involves two steps: (i) extracting identifiers and descriptions from design documents and programs and (ii) generating descriptions using information-retrieval and machine-learning methods. We applied the proposed method to COBOL programs and design documents of a legacy system that has been maintained for over 20 years as a case study. The proposed method obtained the descriptions of 83% of identifiers and reduced the cost of locating files to be modified by enhancing search keywords using the identifier dictionary. This means that the proposed method can improve the maintainability of systems maintained over many years.

Automating Design Requirement Extraction From Text With Deep Learning

Nearly every artifact of the modern engineering design process is digitally recorded and stored, resulting in an overwhelming amount of raw data detailing past designs. Analyzing this design knowledge and extracting functional information from sets of digital documents is a difficult and time-consuming task for human designers. For the case of textual documentation, poorly written superfluous descriptions filled with jargon are especially challenging for junior designers with less domain expertise to read. If the task of reading documents to extract functional requirements could be automated, designers could actually benefit from the distillation of massive digital repositories of design documentation into valuable information that can inform engineering design. This paper presents a system for automating the extraction of structured functional requirements from textual design documents by applying state of the art Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. A recursive method utilizing Machine Learning-based question-answering is developed to process design texts by initially identifying the highest-level functional requirement, and subsequently extracting additional requirements contained in the text passage. The efficacy of this system is evaluated by comparing the Machine Learning-based results with a study of 75 human designers performing the same design document analysis task on technical texts from the field of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). The prospect of deploying such a system on the sum of all digital engineering documents suggests a future where design failures are less likely to be repeated and past successes may be consistently used to forward innovation.

Formalisation of the methodology of the construction design documents taking into account the fuzzy logic

This study investigates the methodology of formalisation of the process of development of design solutions for construction using artificial intelligence methods, taking into account fuzzy logic. The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the need to compile a description and methodology for solving problems for which cybernetic methods are not applicable or are limited. The purpose of this study is to make recommendations for managing the development of construction project documentation based on artificial intelligence systems. The main results obtained is: considered the definition of mathematical models for calculating methodological parameters and the hierarchical structure of the project document flow. A method of effective implementation of an organisational and technological solution using its information model and a system for developing management decisions based on the results of monitoring the construction process is proposed. The prospects for further research in the stated line are conditioned by the need for further development and practical implementation of accounting methods for construction design documents to systematise accounting processes in conditions of incomplete or limited information. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of practical application of the results obtained to optimise the maintenance of construction design documents.

Perencanaan dan Pengawasan Pembangunan Gedung Kelas di Sekolah Dasar Islamic Global School (IGS) Kota Malang untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan

Elementary School of Islamic Global School (SD-IGS) Malang is one of the private schools located in Malang and established in 2010 in 10,000 m2. With the increasing number of students continues to grow in line with the achievement of accreditation rank B, the need for classroom infrastructure is very important. The condition of the existing class, there are still old class buildings with the condition of the building is worrying on safety. This devotion aims to provide detailed engineering design documents and budget plans for the cost of building classrooms as the basis for classroom construction. The method used is the science diffusion method. This community service produces a product of classroom planning documents and obtains the following conclusions; (1) there has been a plan of development activities in the form of classroom development planning documents; (2) the implementation of the construction of phase 1 classrooms that have development implementation documents that comply with the applicable regulatory standards. ABSTRAKSekolah Dasar Islamic Global School (SD-IGS) Malang adalah salah satu sekolah swasta yang berada di kota Malang. Berdiri pada tahun 2010 pada lahan seluas 10.000 m2. Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah siswa yang terus meningkat seiring dengan tercapainya peringkat akreditasi B, maka kebutuhan akan sarana prasarana kelas sangat penting. Kondisi kelas yang ada, masih terdapat bangunan kelas yang sudah tua dengan kondisi bangunan yang mengkhawatirkan keamanannya. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk menyediakan dokumen gambar kerja dan rencana anggaran biaya pembangunan ruang kelas sebagai dasar untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi iptek. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan sebuah produk dokumen perencanaan ruang kelas dan diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) telah tersedianya dokumen perencanaan pembangunan ruang kelas; (2) telah terlaksananya pembangunan tahap 1 ruang kelas yang memiliki dokumen pelaksanaan pembangunan yang sesuai standar peraturan yang berlaku.

OCS Rehabilitation and Kevlar Contact Wire Fall Prevention VTA San Jose, CA

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) required their original overhead contact system (OCS) along North 1st Street between interstate highway I-880 and West San Carlos Street at the Guadalupe River (opened in 1987) to be rehabilitated. HNTB was chosen to assist with the project and the first task included an overall inspection of the line to ascertain condition, operational deficiencies, and safety concerns. From this inspection, VTA prepared a scope of work for HNTB to perform and then prepare design documents for contractor bidding. During the inspection process, VTA further requested an evaluation of pole deflection in their Guadalupe Yard. Of interest is the line from Younger Street to the Guadalupe River at West San Carlos Street being joint pantograph and trolley pole compatible as VTA operates heritage streetcars during their Christmas holiday season. The inspection of the OCS revealed deficiencies and safety concerns due to the age and type of equipment in use, most of it being original. Trolley frogs, crossover pans, and section insulators had field constructed gliders that were non-standard or inconsistent between assemblies. Trolley wires were suspended by clamps with no insulation requiring span wire insulators which made the span wire between the insulators alive at 750 volts. An open faced disconnect switch was too close to an apartment balcony with the possibility of the live parts being touched by people on the balcony, and some OCS poles were too short to raise span wires for adjustment. During inspection, a trolley wire broke at a trolley frog anchor tip and fell to the street at the pedestrian mall in downtown San Jose. VTA systems engineering had the idea of supporting the single contact wire supported and clamped to a Kevlar messenger wire. This support system in theory was proven to prevent the broken contact wire to hang 3.047m [10 feet] above ground, a CPUC G.O. 95 requirement. Similar Kevlar restraining supports were used by VTA to prevent the contact and messenger wires from falling down as a result of in-span insulator failure. VTA directed HNTB to use VTA’s idea to design a system of wire constraint using Kevlar synthetic rope to prevent wires from falling. This paper describes the deficiencies and safety concerns discovered during inspection and how they were eliminated through creative OCS design. It further describes the process of inspection, direction, design, and operation of the rehabilitation project and how the use of Kevlar synthetic rope was used to keep trolley wire from falling during wire breaks both in theory and actuality. It also describes the issues encountered during construction, stagger issues from joint operation, pole extension implementation, and general improvements made to the OCS.