Bioartificial biodegradable materials were prepared mixing chitosan (CHI) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), then manufactured as films, and finally cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GTA), both in the absence and in the presence of the edible hexa-alcohol sorbitol (SOR), as a plasticizer. The release of the components into water was tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); no release of CHI and scarce release of PVA were found. The water uptake was tested by measuring the swelling of the materials, after incubating them for 20 h in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor at 37°C. The swelling percentage increases with increasing CHI content in the blends, although it is the less hydrophilic polymer. This behavior was attributed to the difficulty of water to diffuse through the crystalline PVA structure, which is partially altered in the blends. The addition of SOR enhances the water sorption, as expected. The biodegradability of the materials was tested using the specific enzyme chitosanase, and was found to depend on the blend composition, as well as to be enhanced by the addition of SOR. The initial degradation rates were calculated; the maximum rates were found when the CHI to PVA ratio was 80:20 for all systems. The results of the enzymatic degradation generally agree with those of the swelling. The cross-linked blends were also tested as drug-delivery systems. The drugs chosen were the vitamin L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (PTX). The effective diffusion coefficients, D eff , were evaluated for the release of both the drugs from each material. Those of AsA are greater, of many powers of ten, than those of PTX, owing mainly to the hydrophilic nature of the first drug and to the hydrophobic of the second one. In conclusion, these materials seem available for biomedical use.
A Review of Natural Fiber Reinforced Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Composites: Application and Opportunity
