Experimental and predicted acute toxicity of antibacterial compounds and their mixtures using the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri

UV-C, H2O2/UV-C, Fenton and photo-Fenton treatment of a nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NP-10) were comparatively studied, primarily focusing on the acute toxicity of degradation products. Formic, acetic and oxalic acids were all identified as the degradation products of NP-10; however, the sole common carboxylic acid was found to be formic acid for the studied treatment processes. The percent relative inhibition towards Vibrio fischeri increased from 9% to 33% and 24% after 120 min-UV-C and H2O2/UV-C treatment, respectively. Complete NP-10 and 70% of its total organic carbon (TOC) content was removed by the photo-Fenton process, which ensured the fastest removal rates and lowest inhibitory effect (8% after 120 min treatment). The acute toxicity pattern being observed during H2O2/UV-C and photo-Fenton treatment positively correlated with temporal evolution of the identified carboxylic acids, whereas unidentified oxidation products were the most likely origin of the acute toxicity in UV-C photolysis.

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Acute Toxicity of Oxygenated and Non-Oxygenated Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1897/07-066 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol preprint (2007) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Chiara Samorì ◽

Andrea Pasteris ◽

Paola Galletti ◽

Emilio Tagliavini

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Vibrio Fischeri

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An assessment of the toxicity of some pesticides and their metabolites affecting a natural aquatic environment using the Microtox™ system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0285 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (1-2) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

I. Amorós ◽

R. Connon ◽

H. Garelick ◽

J.L. Alonso ◽

J.M. Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Aquatic Toxicity ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Luminescent Bacterium ◽

Compound A ◽

Food Network ◽

Pure Substances ◽

The Impact

The conservation and preservation of aquatic ecosystems is of utmost importance due to the high diversity and density of species and their complex food network. The evaluation of the potential adverse environmental impact caused by pesticides entering water bodies is an important parameter in aquatic toxicity. The toxicity of the insecticide, Fenitrothion and two of its metabolites, 3-methyl-4 nitrophenol and 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole, and of the herbicides Thiobencarb and Molinate, commonly used in rice fields in Valencia near the protected area of lake Albufera, has been tested by using the Microtox™ system. The 15 min EC50 values obtained with the marine luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri showed that the Thiobencarb was the most toxic of the three tested pesticides with an EC50 value of 0.03 mg/l. The EC50 values of the first two steps of the Fenitrothion hydrolysis indicated that while the first metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, was as toxic as its parent compound, a decreased toxicity was observed for the second metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole. In order to analyze the toxic effects of pesticides in complex mixtures the EC50 values of Fenitrothion, Molinate and Thiobencarb as pure substances and their mixtures were compared. The impact of the pesticides in the natural ecosystem was also studied and a protective effect of lake water was observed.

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Comparison of Photo-Fenton Treatment and Coupled Photo-Fenton and Biological Treatment for Detoxification of Pharmaceutical Industry Contaminants

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies ◽

10.1515/jaots-2008-0210 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Zapata ◽

Isabel Oller ◽

Raphael Gallay ◽

César Pulgarín ◽

Manuel Ignacio Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Oxidative Treatment

AbstractThis paper compares the feasibility of two different treatment approaches, chemical oxidative treatment by the solar photo-Fenton method and a combined approach applying the solar photo-Fenton method as a pre-treatment for aerobic biological wastewater treatment. The targets are two biorecalcitrant substances used as synthesis intermediates in the pharmaceutical industry, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 84682-23-5) (DIDM) and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)- 1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethanol (CAS 67914-85-6) (DTDM). Solar photo-Fenton treatment was performed in Compound Parabolic Collector pilot-plants, and biological treatment in an immobilized biomass reactor pilot-plant. Analytical determinations included the measurement of dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic compounds (chloride, ammonium, nitrate), formed during degradation, acute toxicity tests applying Vibrio Fischeri luminescence bacteria and the Zahn-Wellens biodegradability test. The synthetic wastewater contained 200 mg/L of each compound, an initial DOC of 200 mg/l and an initial COD of 700 mg/L. The target compounds proved to be susceptible to complete degradation and partial mineralization (95%) by photo-Fenton. Total elimination of both substances occurred after 74 minutes of illumination and required the consumption of 27.5 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Nevertheless, acute toxicity persisted practically to the end of the treatment, and biodegradability could only be slightly enhanced, never rendering the wastewater completely biodegradable at any stage of the chemical oxidative treatment. By Zahn-Wellens test DIDM and DTDM proved to be non-biodegradable and only samples pre-treated by photo-Fenton until achieving a DOC below 98 mg/L showed a significant degree of biodegradability (60% after 11 days of biotreatment). This particular behaviour contrasts with other substances that have been tested before and may be related to the refractory nature of the imidazole and triazole moieties in the molecular structure of DIDM and DTDM.

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Persulfate-mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Water Using Ultraviolet Light and Zero-valent Aluminum

Journal of Photocatalysis ◽

10.2174/2665976x01999200430012009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Tugba Olmez-Hanci ◽

Idil Arslan-Alaton

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Pure Water ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Uv C

Aims: The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the PS/UV-C, PS/ZVA and PS/ZVA/UV-C processes in terms of ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone type commercially important antibiotic, and toxicity abatements in raw surface water (RSW) and distilled water (DW). Background: The occurrence of ciprofloxacin (CIP), the most widely prescribed second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, even at trace level (ng/L) gives rise to antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes, which can further impair the selection of genetic variants of microorganisms and impose adverse effect on human health. Objective: The degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin with UV-C (PS/UV-C) and ZVA (PS/ZVA) activated PS oxidation systems were investigated in distilled water (DW) and raw (untreated) surface water (RSW) samples. Moreover, CIP degradation with the PS/ZVA/UV-C heterogeneous photochemical treatment combination was also studied. Methods: The process performances of the investigated treatment systems were evaluated in terms of CIP abatement and PS consumption rates as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies. The influence of common inorganic ions and natural organic matter (NOM) on CIP degradation was evaluated. Radical quenching experiments were conducted using probe compounds in order to elucidate the dominant reaction mechanism. In addition, acute toxicity of the original CIP and its degradation products were questioned by employing Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri), the marine photobacterium, under optimized treatment conditions. Results: CIP was completely degraded in distilled water (DW) and raw (untreated) surface water (RSW) samples after 15 min of treatment with the PS/UV-C process (PS=0.25mM; pH=3; UVC= 2.7W/m2). PS/UV-C experiments conducted with RSW at its natural pH (=8.5) resulted in 98% CIP and practically no DOC removal whereas 56% DOC was removed at pH 3 after 120 min. Radical quenching studies revealed that sulfate radicals prevailed over hydroxyl radicals. CIP degradation was significantly inhibited by the presence of humic acid due to the effect of UV absorption and free radical quenching. Acute toxicity tests with V. fischeri exhibited fluctuating trends throughout the investigated processes and did not change appreciably after 120 min of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that PS/UV-C is superior to the PS/ZVA and PS/ZVA/UV-C treatment systems for both DW and RSW samples in terms of CIP removal rates. No additional positive effect was evident for simultaneous catalytic and photochemical PS activation (PS/ZVA/UV-C treatment system). It could be also demonstrated that the selected oxidation processes conducted in pure water might give an idea about the advanced treatment systems but realistic conditions with actual water/wastewater matrices still need to be further investigated to verify their feasibility and ecotoxicological safety.

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Synergistic and Hormetic Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds on Marine Luminescent Bacterium Vibrio fischeri

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-30-21 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (1) ◽

pp. 5165

Author(s):

Shiro Ikeda ◽

Hideaki Sekine ◽

Yoshika Sekine

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Luminescent Bacterium ◽

Volatile Organic

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Toxicity of Single and Mixed Contaminants in Seawater Measured with Acute Toxicity Bioassays

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2002.221 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 1115-1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A.R. Fernandez-Alba ◽

L. Piedra ◽

M. Mezcua ◽

M.D. Hernando

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Vibrio Fischeri ◽

Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ◽

Butyl Ether ◽

Tertiary Butyl ◽

Mixed Contaminants ◽

Different Types ◽

Toxic Responses ◽

Clear Majority

Different types of organic pollutants commonly detected in seawater have been evaluated by acute toxicity bioassays. Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, and Selenastrum capricornotum were selected to test toxic effects of individual compounds and mixtures of these compounds, obtaining EC50values in the range of 0.001 to 28.9 mg/l. In the case of mixtures, synergistic toxic responses were seen for a clear majority of the cases (>60%). Mixtures containing methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) exhibit accelerated processes that result in a change in concentration required to produce a toxic effect; for example, in the case of mixtures containing MTBE and Diuron and Dichlofluanid.

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