Analysis the fry-drying process of oily sludge sample

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 2396-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Zhu ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Bencheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Drying Process

scholarly journals Energy and Resource Utilization of Refining Industry Oil Sludge by Microwave Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6862
Author(s):  
Chien Li Lee ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Chih-Ju G. Jou
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Oil Tank

The oily sludge from crude oil contains hazardous BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) found in the bottom sediment of the crude oil tank in the petroleum refining plant. This study uses microwave treatment of the oily sludge to remove BTEX by utilizing the heat energy generated by the microwave. The results show that when the oily sludge sample was treated for 60 s under microwave power from 200 to 300 W, the electric field energy absorbed by the sample increased from 0.17 to 0.31 V/m and the temperature at the center of the sludge sample increased from 66.5 °C to 96.5 °C. In addition, when the oily sludge was treated for 900 s under microwave power 300 W, the removal rates were 98.5% for benzene, 62.8% for toluene, 51.6% for ethylbenzene, and 29.9% for xylene. Meanwhile, the highest recovery rates of light volatile hydrocarbons in sludge reached 71.9% for C3, 71.3% for C4, 71.0% for C5, and 78.2% for C6.

Application of EZ–Enzyme in Bioremediation of Oily Sludge

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ho ◽  
Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Oily Waste

Sludge farming adalah cara biasa yang digunakan dalam loji penapisan petroleum untuk merawat sisa minyak yang mengandungi bahan berupaya terdegradasi kepada bahan yang tidak toksid terhadap kesihatan manusia dan alam sekitar. Sisa tersebut akan dibiarkan di atas tanah supaya terdegradasi secara semula jadi tetapi proses ini akan mengambil masa yang lama. Dalam kajian ini, sejenis enzim bernama Enzim EZ telah diuji untuk bioremediasi sampel sisa minyak dalam uji kaji yang berskala makmal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat pengurangan secara konsisten untuk kandungan minyak dan gris dalam sampel yang diuji (secara rata ~ 60%). Kandungan tersebut berkurangan dengan meningkatnya kepekatan Enzim EZ. Kandungan minyak dan gris terdegradasi dengan paling banyak dalam sampel mengandungi 100 ppm Enzim EZ iaitu dari 8% ke 2% dalam eksperimen selama sembilan minggu. Secara umum, suhu dan pH dikekalkan pada keadaan optimum, iaitu 35°C dan pH 7. Kualiti air serapan yang dihasilkan juga telah menunjukkan peningkatan kualiti di akhir eksperimen, iaitu keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) ialah 25 mg/l dan pH ialah 6.45. Kata kunci: Bioremediasi, enzim, kandungan minyak dan gris, sludge farming Sludge farming is commonly used in petroleum refinery as a method of treatment for oily waste containing degradable constituents into materials that are not hazardous to human health or the environment. The sludge is left on a designated plot of land to be biodegraded naturally, but the process could take a considerable length of time. In this study, an enzyme known as EZ-Enzyme was tested to bioremediate the oily sludge sample in a laboratory scale experiment. Results shown that there was a consistent reduction in the oil and grease (O&G) content of the tested sludge (~ 60% in average). The O&G content decreased with increase in the concentration of enzyme. The O&G content in a sludge sample decreased the most with the application of 100 pm EZ-Enzyme, which decreased from 8% to 2% within a period of nine weeks. In general, the temperature and pH of the system were maintained at optimum condition, which were 35°C and pH 7 respectively. The quality of the leachate was also improved by the end of the study, where chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 25 mg/l and pH was 6.45 respectively. Key words: Bioremediation, enzyme, oil and grease content, sludge farming

Experimental and modeling study of the long cylindrical oily sludge drying process

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 354-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuanghui Deng ◽  
Xuebin Wang ◽  
Houzhang Tan ◽  
Hrvoje Mikulčić ◽  
Zhifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Modeling Study

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

Permasalahan Manajemen Usaha Mikro Studi Kasus Pada Pabrik Kerupuk UD. Manunggal Karsa Di Kel. Lebak Bulus Kec. Cilandak Kodya Jakarta Selatan

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Maryama
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Excess Demand ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Bad Weather

The purpose of the study are to (1) review the main problems faced by the factory of Kepuruk Manunggal Karsa (MK), and (2) assessing the entrepreneur attempts to be able to solve the problems faced. The research was carried out using qualitative descriptive design. The results showed that (1) the lack of supply of raw materials as a result of lack of capital. Sequel is due, the difficulty of the plant to meet consumer demand (excess demand). (2), the system of capital used is circulating capital (capital turnover). Earned income used up to finance the operation of the plant. (3) Innovation has been done in the form of deal with bad weather (rain) as an effort of crackers drying process is by using the oven. (4) There has been no cooperation with financial institutions. (5) There is no organizational structure as a modern factory for traditionally managed by family management. (6) Marketing using modes of transportation carts and motor vehicles.

Mathematical Models of Papermaking

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buikis ◽  
J. Cepitis ◽  
H. Kalis ◽  
A. Reinfelds ◽  
A. Ancitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Value Problems ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
First Order ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Web

The mathematical model of wood drying based on detailed transport phenomena considering both heat and moisture transfer have been offered in article. The adjustment of this model to the drying process of papermaking is carried out for the range of moisture content corresponding to the period of drying in which vapour movement and bound water diffusion in the web are possible. By averaging as the desired models are obtained sequence of the initial value problems for systems of two nonlinear first order ordinary differential equations. 

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