Intimate partner violence and the overlap of perpetration and victimization: Considering the influence of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in childhood

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

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Do Relative Status of Women and Marriage Characteristics Matter for the Intimate Partner Violence?

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211030030 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110300

Author(s):

Aysegul Kayaoglu

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Resource Theory ◽

Bargaining Model ◽

Different Types ◽

Relative Status ◽

Turkish Case ◽

Status Of Women

This article analyzes intimate partner violence (IPV) in a developing country context, namely, Turkey, which faces an enormous increase in femicide cases over the last decade. Analyzing a very rich nationwide representative survey on IPV, we show that it is not only the absolute status of women but also their relative status in terms of income and education that affects different types of domestic violence, ranging from emotional abuse to physical and sexual violence. Besides, factors related to marriage setting are found to have a significant role in the effect of women’s superior status on IPV. Overall, we provide evidence to support the relative resource theory and invalidate the intra-household bargaining model in the Turkish case.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Material Hardship Among Urban Mothers

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801219854539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 935-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia O’Connor ◽

Lenna Nepomnyaschy

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Population Based ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Time Varying ◽

Material Hardship ◽

Urban Mothers

Using a longitudinal population-based sample ( n = 4,234), this study explored the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with material hardship. We found that women who experienced IPV are substantially more likely to experience material hardship, even after controlling for a comprehensive set of static and time-varying characteristics, including material hardship at the prior wave and individual fixed effects. Associations were strongest for experiences of physical abuse (the least prevalent type of IPV) and controlling abuse (the most prevalent type of IPV) but were weaker for emotional abuse. Results suggest that IPV increases the probability of material hardship by 10-25%.

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Prevalence, Pattern and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Postpartum Women in Osogbo, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2019/v14i330100 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Adejoke Deborah ◽

Abiodun Afolabi Benjamin ◽

Ibigbami Olanrewaju

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

P Value ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Cross Sectional

Aim: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. It is one of the most common forms of violence against women. It affects all ethnic groups and it is not impeded by cultural, socio-economic or religious barriers. IPV in postpartum women can increase the risk of homicide and suicide. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern and correlates of IPV among postpartum women attending postnatal and infant welfare clinics of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at LTH, Osogbo Nigeria between September and November 2015. Methodology: This was study conducted among 220 consenting postpartum women using Composite Abuse Scale and socio-demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The level of statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. Results: Prevalence of IPV was 26.8%, patterns of IPV were physical abuse 14.5%. Emotional abuse, 26.3, severe combined abuse 9.9% and Harassment 14.5%. IPV was significantly associated with support from respondents’ partner during pregnancy (χ2= 5.470, p=0.019) and partner’s religion. (χ2= 7.746, p= 0.010) The odd ratio for those who had partner’s support was less than 1. (OR =0.337, p=0.014, CI=0.141-0.803). Conclusion: The prevalence of IPV is high among postpartum women. Increased media campaign about intimate partner violence and preventive measures is urgently needed.

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Women’s Household Decision-Making and Intimate Partner Violence in Ethiopia

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies ◽

10.2478/ajis-2019-0041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 285-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nasser B. Ebrahim ◽

Madhu S. Atteraya

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Household Decision ◽

Household Decision Making ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Women’s household decision-making, a reflection of interpersonal power dynamics in intimate relationships is assumed to play a central role in eliminating violence against women. Thus we sought to examine the association between women’s household decision-making autonomy and the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Ethiopian women. We used data gathered in the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS-2016). We limited our study to ever-married women (aged: 15 - 49 years) who responded to the domestic violence questions (n = 4,469). Sampling weights were applied and effects associated with complex survey design were accounted for. Overall, 24%, 23.1%, and 10.1% of women have experienced emotional abuse, physical violence, or sexual violence, respectively in their lifetimes. The relationship between demographic variables and IPV were inconsistent and mostly non-significant. We found significant association between decision-making autonomy and IPV variables. Women who made decisions jointly with their husbands/partners had lower risk of domestic violence as compared to women with low level of household decision-making autonomy. No significant difference between women in the low and high level of decision-making groups. Egalitarian family power structures may be beneficial toward reducing IPV and achieving gender equality in Ethiopia.

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Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.996 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Larry W. Bennett ◽

Oliver J. Williams

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

Lower Income ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ipv Perpetration

Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) use coercive actions toward intimate or formerly intimate partners, including emotional abuse, stalking, threats, physical violence, or rape. The lifetime prevalence of IPV is 35% for women and 28% for men, with at an estimated economic cost of over ten billion dollars. IPV occurs in all demographic sectors of society, but higher frequencies of IPV perpetration are found among people who are younger and who have lower income and less education. Similar proportions of men and women use IPV, but when the effects of partner abuse are considered, women bear the greatest physical and behavioral health burden. Single-explanation causes for IPV such as substance abuse, patriarchy, and personality disorders are sometimes preferred by practitioners, advocates, and policymakers, but an understanding of IPV perpetration is enhanced when we look through the multiple lenses of culture and society, relationship, and psychological characteristics of the perpetrators.

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IPV Characteristics, Childhood Violence, and Adversities as Risk Factors for Being Victimized in Multiple IPV Relationships

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520933037 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052093303

Author(s):

Elisabeth Christie Ørke ◽

Stål Bjørkly ◽

Solveig Karin Bø Vatnar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Multiple Partners ◽

Stratified Sample ◽

Childhood Violence

Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple partners (MP) is scarce and sought by clinicians and many women themselves for the prevention of future intimate partner violence relationships (IPVRs). Quantitative data were obtained through a structured interview with a stratified sample of help-seeking women ( N = 154) with no ( n = 48, 0IPVR), one ( n = 55, 1IPVR), or multiple ( n = 51, 2IPVR) IPVRs. This study investigated the association between (a) childhood family violence, (b) other childhood adversities, (c) victimization and perpetration of IPV in the last (index) relationship, and (d) controlling sociodemographic and contextual variables, and the following dependent variables: (a) women with 1IPVR and 2IPVR compared with 0IPVR and (b) women with 1IPVR compared with 2IPVR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared with nonvictimized women, IPV victimized women were nearly three times more likely to report childhood sexual abuse. They also reported a higher frequency of peer victimization and a higher likelihood of having an immigrant partner. In addition, the length of the index relationship was shorter for IPV victimized women. Compared with women with 1IPVR, women with IPV by MP were more likely to report childhood emotional abuse and less education, and they were less likely to be immigrants. The two groups of IPV victimized women were indistinguishable regarding characteristics of victimization and perpetration of IPV. This study indicated that there were other risk factors for IPV by MP than for IPV in general and highlighted the importance of addressing parenting and emotional care in IPV families.

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“Drinking Too Much, Fighting Too Much”: The Dual “Disasters” of Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Use in South Africa

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211034206 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110342

Author(s):

Emma L. Backe ◽

Edna Bosire ◽

Emily Mendenhall

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

And Coping ◽

The Relationship ◽

Perceptions Of Abuse

The intersecting issues of intimate partner violence (IPV) and alcohol abuse in South Africa are often characterized as “disasters.” Ethnographic research among women in Soweto demonstrates the different manifestations of IPV, perceptions of abuse, and coping mechanisms to manage harmful domestic relationships. Findings suggest a consistent relationship between excessive drinking patterns and IPV—most significantly, physical and emotional abuse—while indicating that domestic violence measures should include questions about stress. The authors also argue against pathologizing the relationship between IPV and alcohol abuse, to instead center the structured, sedimented ways that violence within the home has become a “normalized” disaster.

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Intimate Partner Violence Experience and Expectations Among College Women in Dating Relationships: Implications for Behavioral Interventions

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.24.2.153 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 153-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amanda L. Stein ◽

Giao Q. Tran ◽

Bonnie S. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

College Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Male Partner ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Dating Relationships ◽

Conflict Tactics Scale ◽

Conflict Tactics

Studies suggest that experience and expectations of intimate partner violence (IPV) among college women may be positively related. We investigated their association using modified versions of two standard measures: the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Multidimensional Emotional Abuse Scale. Five hundred and thirty-four college women completed each measure twice: once based on their partner’s actual behaviors and once based on what they expected a male partner would do in a relationship. Results demonstrated that IPV experience and IPV expectations are significantly and positively related. Results also showed that respondents expected more IPV than they reportedly experienced, suggesting that college women may believe that IPV occurs more frequently in others’ relationships than in their own. Findings suggest that behavioral interventions for IPV victims should address IPV expectations.

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Men Who Seek Protection Orders Against Female Intimate Partners

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.2.1.61 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 61-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie Mele ◽

James C. Roberts ◽

Loreen Wolfer

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Intimate Partners ◽

Protection Orders ◽

Custody Of Children ◽

Protection Order

Whereas intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrated by men against women has been studied at length, relatively little attention has been given to violence perpetrated by women against their male intimate partners. This study represents one of relatively few attempts to better understand the experiences of male IPV victims. Specifically, this study explored the characteristics of men who obtain and withdraw a protection order against a female intimate partner, in comparison to those men who obtain and do not withdraw the order. We also looked at the reasons men cite for obtaining and withdrawing a protection order and the types of relief granted by the court. Findings from this study revealed that men who requested protection from abuse (PFA) against female intimate partners experienced a pattern of victimization prior to their requests for protection, including physical, psychological, or emotional abuse. Although, each of these men sought and was granted a “no abuse, stalk, or threaten” order, few of them were able to obtain temporary custody of children they had in common with the defendant, nor were they successful in getting defendants evicted from the home or getting the court to order defendants to relinquish their firearms. A comparison of men who withdrew their PFAs to those who did not withdraw them suggested that men who did not withdraw their PFAs perceived their abusive situations as being more serious. Implications for future research are discussed.

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