Intimate Partner Violence and Material Hardship Among Urban Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 935-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia O’Connor ◽  
Lenna Nepomnyaschy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Urban Mothers

Using a longitudinal population-based sample ( n = 4,234), this study explored the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) with material hardship. We found that women who experienced IPV are substantially more likely to experience material hardship, even after controlling for a comprehensive set of static and time-varying characteristics, including material hardship at the prior wave and individual fixed effects. Associations were strongest for experiences of physical abuse (the least prevalent type of IPV) and controlling abuse (the most prevalent type of IPV) but were weaker for emotional abuse. Results suggest that IPV increases the probability of material hardship by 10-25%.

scholarly journals The magnitude of intimate partner violence in Brazil: portraits from 15 capital cities and the Federal District

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Eduardo Reichenheim ◽  
Claudia Leite Moraes ◽  
André Szklo ◽  
Maria Helena Hasselmann ◽  
Edinilsa Ramos de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The North

This paper concerns the prevalence of intimate partner violence in 15 State capital cities and the Federal District of Brazil. A population-based multi-stage survey in 2002/2003 involved 6,760 15-69-year-old women (respondents). Using the Conflict Tactics Scales Form R, the overall prevalence of psychological aggression and "minor" and severe physical abuse within couples was 78.3%, 21.5%, and 12.9%, respectively. Prevalence rates varied distinctively between cities. For instance, total physical abuse ranged from 13.2% to 34.8%. On the whole, prevalence was higher in the North and Northeast cities than in the Southeast, South, and Central West. Also, all types of intimate partner violence were more frequent in couples including women who were younger (< 25 years) and had less schooling (< 8 years). After stratifying by gender, although women tended to perpetrate at least one act of physical abuse more often, scores were consistently higher among male partners who were perpetrators. The results are compared to international findings. Regional, demographic, and gender differentials are discussed in light of the growing role of the Brazilian health sector in relation to intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals Identification of Intimate Partner Violence from Free Text Descriptions in Social Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Trinh Ha ◽  
Rhea D'Silva ◽  
Ethan Chen ◽  
Mehmet Koyuturk ◽  
Gunnur Karakurt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Free Text

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem that adversely affects the well-being of victims. IPV is often under-reported and non-physical forms of violence may not be recognized as IPV, even by victims. With the increasing popularity of social media and due to the anonymity provided by some of these platforms, people feel comfortable sharing descriptions of their relationship problems in social media. The content generated in these platforms can be useful in identifying IPV and characterizing the prevalence, causes, consequences, and correlates of IPV in broad populations. However, these descriptions are in the form of free text and no corpus of labeled data is available to perform large-scale computational and statistical analyses. Here, we use data from established questionnaires that are used to collect self-report data on IPV to train machine learning models to predict IPV from free text. Using Universal Sentence Encoder (USE) along with multiple machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, SVM, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes), we develop DETECTIPV, a tool for detecting IPV in free text. Using DETECTIPV, we comprehensively characterize the predictability of different types of violence (Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, Sexual Abuse) from free text. Our results show that a general model that is trained using examples of all violence types can identify IPV from free text with area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 89%. We also train type-specific models and observe that Physical Abuse can be identified with greatest accuracy (AUROC 98%), while Sexual Abuse can be identified with high precision but relatively low recall. While our results indicate that the prediction of Emotional Abuse is the most challenging, DETECTIPV can identify Emotional Abuse with AUROC above 80%. These results establish DETECTIPV as a tool that can be used to reliably detect IPV in the context of various applications, ranging from flagging social media posts to detecting IPV in large text corpuses for research purposes. DETECTIPV is available as a web service at https://ipvlab.case.edu/ipvdetect/.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1020-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Barber ◽  
Yasamin Kusunoki ◽  
Heather H. Gatny ◽  
Jamie Budnick
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Reproductive Coercion

Using a reproductive coercion framework, we investigate the role of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy during the transition to adulthood. We use two types of data from a population-based sample of 867 young women in a Michigan county: a 60-minute survey interview with 2.5 years of weekly follow-up surveys, and semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 40 pregnant women. The semi-structured interviews illustrate the violence women experienced. Discrete-time logit hazard models demonstrate that threats and physical assault are associated with higher pregnancy rates during ages 18 to 22. However, this holds only when the violence is recent; violence occurring more than a month earlier is not associated with higher pregnancy rates. These associations are independent of violent experiences with prior partners, which are also associated with higher pregnancy rates. Fixed-effects models show that during violent weeks, women perceive more pregnancy desire from their partners, have more sex, and use less contraception than during nonviolent weeks. Finally, mediation analyses and the semi-structured interviews are consistent with reproductive coercion: violent young men are more likely to want their girlfriends pregnant, and they use threats and physical assault to implement their preferences via sex and contraceptive non-use, which in turn increase pregnancy rates.

The Association of Partner Abuse Types and Suicidal Ideation Among Men and Women College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger ◽  
Noelle C. Vann ◽  
Phillip N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women Clinicians

Despite the well-documented relations between intimate partner violence and suicidal ideation, gender differences regarding the relationships between intimate partner violence types and suicidal ideation are less understood. In addition, few studies have examined the risk that harassment may confer for suicidal ideation in the context of intimate partner violence. This study examined gender differences in the associations of harassment, emotional, and physical intimate partner violence with suicidal ideation in 502 college students, while controlling for the influence of depressive symptoms. Results indicated that physical abuse, but not harassment or emotional abuse, was associated with increased suicidal ideation in men. In contrast, emotional abuse, but not physical abuse or harassment, was associated with increased suicidal ideation in women. Clinicians should consider potential gender differences in the impact of intimate partner violence on suicidal ideation when assessing suicide risk.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

Do Relative Status of Women and Marriage Characteristics Matter for the Intimate Partner Violence?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Aysegul Kayaoglu
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Resource Theory ◽  
Bargaining Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Status Of Women

This article analyzes intimate partner violence (IPV) in a developing country context, namely, Turkey, which faces an enormous increase in femicide cases over the last decade. Analyzing a very rich nationwide representative survey on IPV, we show that it is not only the absolute status of women but also their relative status in terms of income and education that affects different types of domestic violence, ranging from emotional abuse to physical and sexual violence. Besides, factors related to marriage setting are found to have a significant role in the effect of women’s superior status on IPV. Overall, we provide evidence to support the relative resource theory and invalidate the intra-household bargaining model in the Turkish case.

A Meta-Analysis of Latinx Acculturation and Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J. Alvarez ◽  
Sandra Oviedo Ramirez ◽  
Gabriel Frietze ◽  
Craig Field ◽  
Michael A. Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern that affects many Latinx couples. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess acculturation as a predictor of IPV among Latinxs and subgroup analyses to evaluate the effect size by gender and type of acculturation measure. Method: The meta-analysis implemented the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to retrieve studies assessing the relationship between acculturation and intimate partner victimization among foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinx adults. A fixed effects model (FEM) and a random effects model (REM) were employed. Additional subgroup analyses examined the strength of the relationship by gender and type of acculturation measure. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 independent effect sizes across 21 studies. An REM yielded a weighted average correlation of .11 (95% confidence interval [.02, .20]). The strength of the correlation differed by scale and ranged from −.003 to .47. For both men and women, higher acculturation was associated with increased IPV. Conclusions: Our results yielded three important findings: (1) the overall effect of acculturation on IPV is relatively small, (2) acculturation differentially influences male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and (3) the strength of the correlation between acculturation and IPV differs by scale. This body of work provides evidence for the effect of acculturation on IPV, with potential implications for interventions targeting Latinxs.

Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane S. Sillman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Gay Couples

Intimate-partner violence describes relationships characterized by intentional controlling or violent behavior by someone who is in an intimate relationship with the victim. The abuser’s controlling behavior may take many forms, including psychological abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, economic control, and social isolation. Abuse may ultimately lead to the death of the victim from homicide or suicide. Typically, an abusive relationship goes through cycles of violence. There are periods of calm, followed by increasing tension in the abuser, outbursts of violence, and return to periods of calm. These cycles often spiral toward increasing violence over time. The victims of intimate-partner violence are usually women, but intimate-partner violence is also a significant problem for gay couples and for the disabled and elderly of both sexes. This review discusses the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and prevention of intimate-partner violence. Risk factors for experiencing violence, risk factors for perpetrating violence, and consequences of abuse are also analyzed. This review contains 5 figures, 14 tables, and 30 references. Keywords: Domestic abuse, intimate-partner violence, elder abuse, child abuse, batterer, sexual abuse, physical abuse

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