State-level variation in the relationship between child removals and opioid prescriptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Quast
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
The Relationship

Changing the Composition of Beginning Teachers: The Role of State Alternative Certification Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 089590482110156
Author(s):  
Christopher Redding
Keyword(s):  
Beginning Teachers ◽  
Alternative Certification ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
State Level ◽  
Schools And Staffing Survey ◽  
Selective Colleges ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Alternate Routes ◽  
The Relationship

Drawing on nationally representative data from six cohorts of beginning teachers from the Schools and Staffing Survey and the National Teacher and Principal Survey, this study applies a difference-in-differences research design to examine the relationship between changes to state-level alternative certification policies and the characteristics of new teachers. The introduction of alternate routes into teaching is associated with an increase in the fraction of new teachers of color in a state and the new teachers who graduated from selective colleges. No evidence was found of a relationship with the relative share of male teachers or teachers of in-demand subjects.

When Religion Hurts: Structural Sexism and Health in Religious Congregations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242199668
Author(s):  
Patricia Homan ◽  
Amy Burdette
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

An emerging line of research has begun to document the relationship between structural sexism and health. This work shows that structural sexism—defined as systematic gender inequality in power and resources—within U.S. state-level institutions and within marriages can shape individuals’ physical health. In the present study, we use a novel dataset created by linking two nationally representative surveys (the General Social Survey and the National Congregations Study) to explore the health consequences of structural sexism within another setting: religious institutions. Although religious participation is generally associated with positive health outcomes, many religious institutions create and reinforce a high degree of structural sexism, which is harmful for health. Prior research has not reconciled these seemingly conflicting patterns. We find that among religious participants, women who attend sexist religious institutions report significantly worse self-rated health than do those who attend more inclusive congregations. Furthermore, only women who attend inclusive religious institutions exhibit a health advantage relative to non-participants. We observe marginal to no statistically significant effects among men. Our results suggest the health benefits of religious participation do not extend to groups that are systematically excluded from power and status within their religious institutions.

Trust in Government and the American Public’s Responsiveness to Rising Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship

The United States has become increasingly unequal. Income inequality has risen dramatically since the 1970s, yet public opinion toward redistribution has remained largely unchanged. This is puzzling, given Americans’ professed concern regarding, and knowledge of, rising inequality. I argue that trust in government can help to reconcile this. I combine data on state-level income inequality with survey data from the Cumulative American National Election Studies (CANES) from 1984 to 2016. I find that trust in government conditions the relationship between inequality and redistribution, with higher inequality prompting demand for government redistribution, but only among politically trustful individuals. This holds among conservatives and non-conservatives and among the affluent and non-affluent. These findings underscore the relevance of political trust in shaping attitudes toward inequality and economic redistribution and contribute to our understanding of why American public opinion has not turned in favor of redistribution during an era of rising income inequality.

State-Level Sexism and Women’s Health Care Access in the United States: Differences by Race/Ethnicity, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Kristen Schorpp Rapp ◽  
Vanessa V. Volpe ◽  
Hannah Neukrug
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barriers To Health

Objectives. To quantify racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women in the United States. Methods. We merged a multidimensional state-level sexism index compiled from administrative data with the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; n = 10 898) to test associations between exposure to state-level sexism and barriers to access, availability, and affordability of health care. Results. Greater exposure to state-level sexism was associated with more barriers to health care access among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women, but not non-Hispanic White women. Affordability barriers (cost of medical bills, health insurance, prescriptions, and tests) appeared to drive these associations. More frequent need for care exacerbated the relationship between state-level sexism and barriers to care for Hispanic women. Conclusions. The relationship between state-level sexism and women’s barriers to health care access differs by race/ethnicity and frequency of needing care. Public Health Implications. State-level policies may be used strategically to promote health care equity at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 2, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306455 )

How far are we from understanding corruption? The effect of cultural distance on corruption perception

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Szymanski ◽  
Ivan Valdovinos ◽  
Evodio Kaltenecker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
International Business ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
State Level ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between cultural distances between countries and their scores in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which is the most commonly used measure of corruption in international business (IB) research. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied fixed-effect (generalized least squares) statistical modeling technique to analyze 1,580 year-country observations. Findings The authors found that the CPI score is determined to a large extent by cultural distances between countries, specifically the distance to the USA and to Denmark. Research limitations/implications CPI is often used as a sole measure of state-level corruption in IB research. The results show that the measure is significantly influenced by cultural differences and hence it should be applied with great caution, preferably augmented with other measures. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to look at cultural distances as determinants of CPI score. The authors empirically test whether the CPI is culturally biased.

scholarly journals Strategic planning for human resources and its impact on Sudanese national security: التخطيط الاستراتيجي للموارد البشرية وأثره على الأمن القومي السوداني

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu'tasim Hussein Abu Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
National Security ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

The study considered the importance of strategic planning for human resources and its impact on Sudanese national security considering that strategic planning is one of the important mechanisms that achieve integration and interaction between the components of the comprehensive perspective of human resources at the state level, in order to achieve the conditions required to achieve the full utilization of competitive human capabilities as one of the important elements affecting national security. The study aimed at the importance of strategic planning for human resources at the macro level of the state and its impact on Sudanese national security. The study reviewed the terms related to strategic planning, the concept of national security and the relationship between strategy, national security and human resources. The study reviewed the terms related to strategic planning, the concept of national security and the relationship between strategy, national security and human resources. The study also dealt with the aspects affecting the human resources and the Sudanese reality. The descriptive approach was used for the study and the scientific sources that dealt with the subject were used as sources for the study. The study concluded that strategic planning for human resources should be adopted, and that a national policy should be established through human resource development programs and clear foundations for investing human resources to meet challenges related to human capabilities, especially competitive human capacities.

scholarly journals Employment Discrimination Charge Rates: Variation and Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110643
Author(s):  
Donald Tomaskovic-Devey ◽  
Carly McCann
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
State Level ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Rights Consciousness

The authors document variation in charge rates by demographic basis, observe basis and spatial variation in charge rates, and examine potential sources of this variation. The authors find that discrimination charge rates are much higher for the disabled and African Americans than for women, people older than 40 years, Hispanics, Asians, immigrants, and men, and there is dramatic state-level variation in charge rates. Possible explanations for this variation include access to legal representation, post-complaint employer retaliation, job loss, rights consciousness, and variations in charge outcomes. Findings point toward regulatory outcomes mandating changes in employer behavior as the only robust antecedent to discrimination charge filing. Unfortunately remedies targeting employer behavior are rare, while employer retaliation and firing are common. Neither access to law nor the frequency of monetary damages are associated with charge filing. Rights consciousness is associated with more discrimination charge filings, but only on the bases of disability.

State-Level Variation in the Association Between Educational Attainment and Sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Sheehan ◽  
Anna Zajacova ◽  
Dylan Connor ◽  
Jennifer Karas Montez
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
State Level ◽  
Level Variation

Physician Practice Organization and Negotiated Prices: Evidence from State Law Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-296
Author(s):  
Naomi Hausman ◽  
Kurt Lavetti
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
State Level ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Physician Practice ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
State Law ◽  
Practice Organization ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Noncompete Agreements ◽  
The Relationship

We study the relationship between physician organizational structures and prices negotiated with private insurers. Using variation caused by state-level judicial law changes, we show that a 10 percent increase in the enforceability of noncompete agreements (NCAs) causes 4.3 percent higher physician prices, and declines in practice sizes and concentration. Using two databases containing every physician establishment and firm between 1996 and 2007, linked to negotiated prices, we show that larger practices have lower prices for services with high fixed costs, consistent with economies of scale. In contrast, increases in firm concentration conditional on establishment concentration leads to higher prices. (JEL D24, G22, I11, J44, K22, L13)

Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eleanore Alexander ◽  
Lainie Rutkow ◽  
Kimberly A Gudzune ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Emma E McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legal Databases ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Objective: To understand the different Na menu labelling approaches that have been considered by state and local policymakers in the USA and to summarise the evidence on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Design: Proposed and enacted Na menu labelling laws at the state and local levels were reviewed using legal databases and an online search, and a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers. Setting: Local and state jurisdictions in the USA Participants: Not applicable. Results: Between 2000 and 2020, thirty-eight laws – eleven at the local level and twenty-seven at the state level – were proposed to require Na labelling of restaurant menu items. By 2020, eight laws were enacted requiring chain restaurants to label the Na content of menu items. Five studies were identified that evaluated the impact of Na menu labelling on Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers in the USA. The studies had mixed results: two studies showed a statistically significant association between Na menu labelling and reduced Na content of menu items; three showed no effects. Conclusion: Data suggest that Na menu labelling may reduce Na in restaurant menu items, but further rigorous research evaluating Na menu labelling effects on Na content of menu items, as well as on the Na content in menu items purchased by consumers, is needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document