Mini-Review: practice organization beyond memory processes

Background: The benefits of variable practice in motor learning have been traditionally explained by the increased demand for memory processes induced by trial-to-trial changes. Recently, a new perspective associating increased demand for perception with variable practice has emerged. Aim: This revision aims to present and discuss the findings in this exciting topic newly opened. Results / Interpretation: In the second half of 2010’s, a number of studies have pointed out differences in perceptual processing when compared variable and repetitive practices. Different levels of (a) hemodynamic activation, (b) electroencephalographic activity, (c) neurochemical activity, and (d) oculomotor behavior have provided evidence that perceptual processes are affected differently by variable and repetitive practices.

SUPERVISION IN TUTORING PRACTICE: ORGANIZATION ISSUES

Обсуждается проблема концептуальной неразработанности супервизорской практики тьюторского сопровождения. В качестве возможной теоретической модели супервизии тьютора предлагается «тьюторская система», аналогичная психотерапевтической системе супервизии, включающая три вида фокуса внимания: на тьюторанте, тьюторе, процессе тьюторского сопровождения. Обозначено содержание супервизии, определяемое каждым из этих ракурсов внимания. Описаны поведенческие паттерны, характеризующие тьюторантов и тьюторов, идентифицированы соответствующие дефициты субъектности и идентичности, определяющие статус «сложного» супервизанта и тьюторанта. В качестве важнейшего условия эффективной супервизии тьюторской практики называется точное распознавание в процессе супервизии ограничений и дефицитов личностного, деятельностного и коммуникативного плана, характеризующих тьютора и тьюторанта. The problem of conceptual underdevelopment of the supervisory practice of tutor support is discussed. The reason for the absence of theoretical models of supervision is seen in the empirical outstripping of this practice in relation to the conceptual reflection of tutoring as a type of professional activity. As a possible theoretical model for the supervision of a tutor, a “tutor system” is proposed, similar to the psychotherapeutic supervision system, which includes 3 types of focus of attention: on a tutorant, a tutor, and the process of tutor support. The content of supervision is indicated, which is determined by each of these angles of attention. Behavioral patterns characterizing tutors and tutorants are described, the corresponding deficits of subjectivity and identity are identified. Deficiencies in educational and professional subjectivity, as well as diffuse educational and professional identity, are defined as criteria for identifying a “complex” supervisor and tutorant. The most important conditions for effective supervision of tutoring practice are called accurate recognition in the process of supervision of the limitations and shortcomings of the personal, activity and communicative plan, which are characteristic of a tutor and a tutorant, as well as the implementation of the fundamental idea of the activity approach about turning the concept of action into activity.

The potential value of academic practice organization partnerships in facilitating a positive transition experience for Canadian new graduate nurses

Canadian nurse leaders have called for academic and practice organizations to address ongoing issues in undergraduate nursing education and the new graduate nurse transition to the nursing role in the practice setting. The purpose of this study was to explore Canadian nurse leaders’ perspectives of the potential value of academic-practice organization partnerships in facilitating a positive transition experience for Canadian new graduate nurses. An exploratory qualitative descriptive approach was employed using semi-structured interviews and conventional content analysis. Nurse leader participants reported value in academic and practice organizations communicating and collaborating to address matters contributing to the new graduate nurse transition to the practice setting. Implications for practice, education, policy and research are explored.

Physician Practice Organization and Negotiated Prices: Evidence from State Law Changes

We study the relationship between physician organizational structures and prices negotiated with private insurers. Using variation caused by state-level judicial law changes, we show that a 10 percent increase in the enforceability of noncompete agreements (NCAs) causes 4.3 percent higher physician prices, and declines in practice sizes and concentration. Using two databases containing every physician establishment and firm between 1996 and 2007, linked to negotiated prices, we show that larger practices have lower prices for services with high fixed costs, consistent with economies of scale. In contrast, increases in firm concentration conditional on establishment concentration leads to higher prices. (JEL D24, G22, I11, J44, K22, L13)

Experience in Bachelor's Practice Organization at the “Ecology and Industrial Safety” Chair of Bauman Moscow State Technical University in 2019

The paper is a continuation of a series of publications started in 2013 on the organization and carrying out of practices at the "Ecology and Industrial Safety" chair of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, and presents experience in carrying out of practical training. The approaches to the organization and results of the production and pre-graduation practices in 2019 are considered in the paper, including field practices in the Republic of Crimea and Sakhalin.

General Practitioners’ Practice premises and Risk of Viral Cross-Transmission: A French Observational Multicenter Study

Background: The common areas of general practitioners’ practices (eg, reception, secretariat, waiting room, toilets) are places at risk of cross-transmission of viral diseases such as COVID-19, however risk is poorly documented. Aim: To evaluate the risks of viral cross-transmission in general practitioners’ practices based on the organization of the common areas of the premises. Design and setting: Cross-sectional multicenter observational study in randomly selected general practitioners’ practices in a French department (Seine-Maritime). The practices were included in 4 strata (1, 2, 3–5, or ≥6 general practitioners). Method: Each practice was visited and a questionnaire describing practice organization, cleaning of the premises, screening of high-risk patients was completed on site and observation of the premises). Results: Data collection started in December 2019 and was discontinued due to the national lockdown related to the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Eighty-two practices were analyzed. A hydroalcoholic solution was available in 7.3% of practices and surgical masks in 1.2%. In a majority of waiting rooms, the minimum distance between chairs facing each other was >2 m (78.0%), but was more frequently 1 m for chairs at 90° (53.7%). Overall, 79.3% of waiting rooms could be properly ventilated and waste bins were present in 23.9% of cases. A cleaning protocol was reported in 39.2% of practices. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic allowed the national dissemination of standard precautions. It will be interesting to monitor over the next few years whether the renewed consideration of standard precautions to prevent viral cross-contamination will be maintained over time.

Characterizing Physician Practice in Nursing Homes Using Claims-Based Measures: Correlation With Nursing Home Administrators’ Perceptions

Heterogeneity in physician practice within nursing homes (NHs) may explain variations in quality. However, data on physician practice organization in NHs are hard to obtain. We characterized NH physician practice using two claims-based measures: (a) concentration of NH care among physicians (measured by Herfindahl–Hirschman index of visits); and (b) physician NH practice specialization (measured by the proportion of a physician’s visits to NHs). We examined the relationship between the measures and NH administrator perceptions of physician practice reported in the Shaping Long-Term Care in America (SLTCA) Survey. All 2011 Part B claims from 13,718 physicians who treated Medicare fee-for-service patients in 2,095 NHs in the SLTCA survey were analyzed. The median Herfindahl–Hirschman index was 0.44 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.28-0.70), and the median specialization was 38.1% (IQR 19.9% to 60.9%). NHs with higher physician specialization reported more frequent physician participation in care coordination activities. Claims-based measures could inform the study of NH physician practice.

Development of Motivation for Achieving Professional Success of Technical Specialties Students in Russia during Practical Training at Industrial Enterprises

The article deals with the issues of motivation of students of technical universities to professional activity by means of industrial practices. The con-cept of industrial practice is considered, the goals, tasks, and functions of students' practical training in the specialty "Radio Engineering" are clarified. The peculiarities of the practice organization are noted. Based on the results of the diagnostic study, the authors conclude that the origin of students' in-dustrial practice contributes to an increase in the level of need for success. The learning process becomes more interesting, emotionally and personally significant.

Education quality at regional university in students assessments

The article presents the results of an empirical study whose purpose was to identify students’ assessment of the quality of education at a regional university. The study was conducted on the basis of Udmurt State University as part of the research project “Transitive University in the face of global, national and regional challenges” in February-March, 2019. In total, 611 full-time students were interviewed. Despite the fact that the university is on the 228th place out of 2060 organizations engaged in research activities and is of high potential, the quality of education as a whole is estimated by students at a low level and the main complaints are reduced to the poor state of the facilities of the educational environment and the practice organization.