Fatty Acid Metabolites Combine with Reduced β Oxidation to Activate Th17 Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes

Carrot juice fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, enriched with free phenolics, organic acids and short-chain fatty acid, has the potential to ameliorate type 2 diabetes, in part through modulating specific gut microbiota and regulating the mRNA and protein expressions levels involved in glucose metabolism.

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Host–microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516004086 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (11) ◽

pp. 1869-1877 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Camilla Pedersen ◽

Edith Gallagher ◽

Felicity Horton ◽

Richard J. Ellis ◽

Umer Z. Ijaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community Analysis ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Intestinal Microbial Community ◽

Human Type

AbstractAberrant microbiota composition and function have been linked to several pathologies, including type 2 diabetes. In animal models, prebiotics induce favourable changes in the intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability (IP) and endotoxaemia, which are linked to concurrent improvement in glucose tolerance. This is the first study to investigate the link between IP, glucose tolerance and intestinal bacteria in human type 2 diabetes. In all, twenty-nine men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes were randomised to a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide mixture) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplement (5·5 g/d for 12 weeks). Intestinal microbial community structure, IP, endotoxaemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and post intervention. IP was estimated by the urinary recovery of oral51Cr-EDTA and glucose tolerance by insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Intestinal microbial community analysis was performed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and quantitative PCR. Prebiotic fibre supplementation had no significant effects on clinical outcomes or bacterial abundances compared with placebo; however, changes in the bacterial family Veillonellaceae correlated inversely with changes in glucose response and IL-6 levels (r−0·90,P=0·042 for both) following prebiotic intake. The absence of significant changes to the microbial community structure at a prebiotic dosage/length of supplementation shown to be effective in healthy individuals is an important finding. We propose that concurrent metformin treatment and the high heterogeneity of human type 2 diabetes may have played a significant role. The current study does not provide evidence for the role of prebiotics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Metabolic inflexibility of white and brown adipose tissues in abnormal fatty acid partitioning of type 2 diabetes

International Journal of Obesity Supplements ◽

10.1038/ijosup.2012.21 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (S2) ◽

pp. S37-S42 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T Grenier-Larouche ◽

S M Labbé ◽

C Noll ◽

D Richard ◽

A C Carpentier

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Metabolic Inflexibility

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Circulating Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein Concentrations Predict Multiple Mortality Outcomes among Men and Women with Diabetes

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2018.289157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 1496-1504 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chi Ho Lee ◽

Chloe Y Y Cheung ◽

Yu Cho Woo ◽

David T W Lui ◽

Michele M A Yuen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Men And Women ◽

Acid Binding Protein ◽

All Cause Mortality

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRaised circulating adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (AFABP) concentrations are associated with various adverse health conditions. However, their relationship with mortality remains to be defined, especially in view of the sexual dimorphism of circulating AFABP concentrations. Here we investigated prospectively whether serum AFABP concentrations predict multiple mortality outcomes in men and women alike, using a large clinic-based cohort of individuals with type 2 diabetes, a condition with raised AFABP concentrations.METHODSBaseline serum AFABP concentrations were measured in 5305 research participants with a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich immunoassay. The role of circulating AFABP concentrations in predicting mortality outcomes was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTSAmong the 5305 participants (59% men) in this study, over a median follow-up of 5 years, there were 512 deaths (19.3 deaths per 1000 person-years). Circulating AFABP concentrations, with higher levels in women at baseline, predicted all-cause mortality (P < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.037), and infection-related deaths (P < 0.002) among all participants. In sex-specific analyses, circulating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both men and women and a predictor of cancer-related deaths and infection-related deaths in men only. Furthermore, the addition of serum AFABP concentrations improved the time-dependent c statistics in predicting all-cause mortality in participants with type 2 diabetes (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSCirculating AFABP concentration was an independent predictor of various mortality outcomes in type 2 diabetes over and above known risk factors of reduced survival in men and women. The role of AFABP as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target warrants further investigation.

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