A novel equivalent method for crashworthiness analysis of composite tubes

2021 ◽  
pp. 106761
Author(s):  
Zhibo Song ◽  
Shizhao Ming ◽  
Kaifan Du ◽  
Shaojun Feng ◽  
Caihua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Crashworthiness Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Method

A Comprehensive Review on C-3 Functionalization of β-Lactams

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Nagpal ◽  
Jitender Bhalla ◽  
Shamsher S. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Organometallic Reagent ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Synthetic Utility ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Made In

Background:A lot of advancement has been made in the area of β-lactams in recent times. Most of the research is targeted towards the synthesis of novel β-lactams, their functionalization and exploring their biological potential. The C-3 functionalization of β-lactams has continued to attract considerable interest of the scientific community due to their utility as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their therapeutic applications. This has led to the significant increase in efforts towards developing efficient and economic strategies for C-3 functionalized β-lactams.Objective:The present review aims to highlight recent advancement made in C-3 functionalization of β-lactams.Conclusion:To summarize, functionalization of β-lactams at C-3 is an essential aspect of β-lactam chemistry in order to improve/modify its synthetic utility as well as biological potential. The C-3 carbocation equivalent method has emerged as an important and convenient strategy for C-3 functionalization of β-lactam heterocycles which provides a wide range of β-lactams viz. 3-alkylated β-lactams, 3-aryl/heteroarylated β-lactams, 3- alkoxylated β-lactams. On the other hand, base mediated functionalization of β-lactams via carbanion intermediate is another useful approach but their scope is limited by the requirement of stringent reaction conditions. In addition to this, organometallic reagent mediated α-alkylation of 3-halo/3-keto-β-lactams also emerged as interesting methods for the synthesis of functionalized β-lactams having good yields and diastereoselectivities.

Low velocity impact response and damages of GFRP composite tubes under room and cryogenic temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110293
Author(s):  
Memduh Kara ◽  
Mustafa Arat ◽  
Mesut Uyaner
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Composite Tubes ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Force Time

In this paper, we have investigated the damages of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite tubes under the effect of low-velocity impact (LVI) at cryogenic environment conditions and room temperature. A GFRP composite tube consists of 6 layered E-glass/epoxy samples with a ± 55° winding angle, which produced by the filament winding method. Composite tubes either at room temperature or conditioned by liquid nitrogen at different temperature values (273 K, 223 K, 173 K, and 77 K) were impacted at 5, 7.5, and 10 J. Also, force-time and force-displacement graphs were plotted. The damaged regions of the samples were scrutinized. The damage areas of the GFRP composite tubes were smaller as the temperature decreased. However, the energy absorbed at low-temperature conditions was slightly higher than that absorbed in room temperature. Besides, no micro-cracks developed in the composite tubes after cryogenic conditioning.

scholarly journals Predicting unsteady heat transfer effect of vehicle thermal management system using steady velocity equivalent method

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110259
Author(s):  
Xiao Guoquan ◽  
Wang Huaming ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Hong Xiaobin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Transfer Effect ◽  
Unsteady Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Equivalent Method ◽  
Steady Velocity

In the process of vehicle development, the unsteady simulation of thermal management system is very important. A 3D-CFD calculation model of vehicle thermal management is established, and simulations were undertaken for uphill with full loads operations condition. The steady results show that the surface heat transfer coefficient increases to the quadratic parabolic relationship. The unsteady results show that the pulsating temperatures of exhaust and external airflow are higher than about 50°C and lower than 10°C, respectively, and the heat dissipating capacities are higher than about 11%. Accordingly, the conversion equivalent exhaust velocity increased by 1.67%, and the temperature distribution trend is basically the same as unsteady results. The comparison results show that the difference in the under-hood should be not noted, and that the predicted exhaust system surface temperatures using steady velocity equivalent method are low less 10°C than the unsteady results. These results show the steady velocity equivalent method can be used to predict the unsteady heat transfer effect of vehicle thermal management system, and the results obtained by this method are basically consistent with the unsteady results. It will greatly save computing resources and shorten the cycle in the early development of the vehicle thermal management system.

Crashworthiness analysis and optimization of sinusoidal corrugation tube

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyin Wu ◽  
Guangyao Li ◽  
Guangyong Sun ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Crashworthiness Analysis
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