scholarly journals Effect of DLTDP and furfural on asphalt binders: Optimal dosage and PG grading

2022 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 125489
Author(s):  
Ingrid Camargo ◽  
Bernhard Hofko ◽  
Johannes Mirwald
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Optimal Dosage

Effects of Emulsifier Dosage and Curing Time on Self-Healing Microcapsules Containing Rejuvenator and Optimal Dosage in Asphalt Binders

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolong Liu ◽  
Jiupeng Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Jianzhong Pei ◽  
Cunzhen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Curing Time

Studies on Metabolism of Urokinase and Mechanism of Thrombolysis by Urokinase

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Ueno ◽  
Norio Kobayashi ◽  
Tadashi Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽  
Arterial Thrombus ◽  
Contact Experiment

SummaryPharmacokinetics of intravenously injected 125I-labeled urokinase (125I-UK) of a molecular weight of 33,000 daltons in normal rabbits and patients with various diseases were investigated. The plasma clearance of 125I-UK in rabbits was described by a biexponential curve within six hours with a half-life of 8 minutes, 2.3 hours, respectively. The radioactivity in the liver and kidneys 15 minutes after iv injection with 125I-UK was 9.6% and 14.0% of the radioactivity injected, respectively. Approximately 80% of the total radioactive material injected was excreted in the urine in 18 hours. No increase in activator activity in the urine was observed after a large amount of UK injection. Activity uptake of 125I-UK by experimentally induced arterial thrombus was little. Lysis of the stasis thrombus was produced by injecting 7.5 × 104 IU of UK in only one out of 8 rabbits. In vitro contact experiment revealed that transfer of 125I-UK to plasma clot is slow (24 hours for 10% of 125I-UK by plasma clot). In 4 patients plasma clearance of 125I-UK was essentially similar to that in rabbits. From the results obtained optimal dosage regimen of UK administration for complete thrombolysis in vivo was discussed.

Application of a Pilot-Scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation system to OCC-Based Paper Mill Effluent

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-SHING PERNG ◽  
EUGENE I-CHEN WANG ◽  
SHIH-TSUNG YU ◽  
AN-YI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
True Color

Trends toward closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking often lead to a need for system modifications. We conducted a pilot-scale study using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the effluent of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill in order to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were a current density of 0–240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8–16 min, and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0–22 mg/L. Water quality indicators investigated were electrical con-ductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results were encouraging. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS, COD, and true color were 39.8%, 85.7%, 70.5%, and 97.1%, respectively (with an HRT of 16 min). The use of a coagulant enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. With an optimal dosage of 20 mg/L and a shortened HRT of 10 min, the highest removal achieved for the four water quality indicators were 37.7%, 88.7%, 74.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. The water qualities thus attained should be adequate to allow reuse of a substantial portion of the treated effluent as process water makeup in papermaking.

FERMENTATIVE HYDROLYTIC PREPARATION METHODS OF CEREAL WORT FOR ALCOHOL FERMENTATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Е. M. Serba ◽  
М. B. Overchenko ◽  
L. V. Rimareva ◽  
N. I. Ignatova ◽  
А. E. Orekhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Amylolytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

In the production of alcohol in the preparation of grain raw materials for fermentation, the main role is given to enzyme preparations of amylolytic action, which are key enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch. Amylolytic enzyme preparations with a different composition of enzymes and their level of activity, a mechanism of biocatalytic effect on starch, and a range of thermal and pH optimum are widely represented on the Russian market. The development of optimal conditions for the preparation of grain wort, the rational selection and dosage of concentrated enzyme preparations, the properties of which correspond to the parameters of the technological process, will ensure the effective preparation of starch for fermentation, and increase the profitability of alcohol production. The aim of this work was to study the influence of enzyme preparations of amylolytic action and the conditions of their use on the efficiency of the process of alcoholic fermentation and the yield of the final product, ethanol. The effect of various dosages of enzyme preparations of glucoamylase action, with a different ratio of the main enzyme glucoamylase and minor enzyme α-amylase, as well as methods for preparing wheat wort on the process of alcoholic fermentation, was studied. It was found that the enzyme preparation, the source of glucoamylase, in which α-amylase was present in a ratio of 15: 1 (in terms of activity level), turned out to be more effective in fermenting prepared wheat wort: its optimal dosage was 8 units. GLS / g starch. The presence of a sufficient amount of α-amylase in this preparation compensated for the dosage of thermostable α-amylase. The alcohol concentration in the mash was 10.2% vol., The alcohol yield was 67.9 cm3 / 100 g of starch. When glucoamylase with a lower ratio of the main and minor enzyme (75: 1) was used at the saccharification stage, an increase in the wort fermentation depth was observed with an increase in the concentration of glucoamylase to 9-10 units of GLS / g and α-amylase to 0.5 units. AC / g. It was also found that an increase in the duration of enzymatic-hydrolytic preparation of the wort had a positive effect on the fermentation process, the alcohol concentration in the mash increased to 10.2 vol.%. It was shown that the introduction of proteases into the wort helps to reduce the viscosity of grain wort, enriching it with assimilable yeast amino acids, which leads to an increase in the yield of alcohol. It has been confirmed that the synergy of the action of enzymes of amylolytic and proteolytic effects on polymers of grain raw materials allows to increase the efficiency of their conversion to ethanol. The conditions of enzymatic-hydrolytic processing of grain raw materials for fermentation are developed. The use of the digestion stage did not significantly affect the fermentation results of wheat wort.

The fate of formaldehyde in sugar manufacture and in products

2015 ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Remi Aubry ◽  
Laurence Gasnot
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
Beet Sugar ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A study was carried out in six beet sugar factories in France during the 2012/13 sugar campaign. The objective was to assess the optimal dosage of formaldehyde solutions at specific process stages and in different existing factory set-ups in order to obtain the desired effect on microbial populations, without interference with the quality of the products. In addition harmlessness regarding consumer health was to be demonstrated. A series of experiments was conducted resulting in new data allowing refreshment of common knowledge and references existing regarding the use of formaldehyde solutions in the sugar industry. The effectiveness and convenience for controlling microbiological activity in beet sugar manufacture was assessed. Formaldehyde reduces sugar losses and protects in-process products without harming their further use, such as for ethanol production.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

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