Exploration of the effect of chloride ion concentration and temperature on pitting corrosion of carbon steel in saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samin Sharifi-Asl ◽  
Feixiong Mao ◽  
Pin Lu ◽  
Bruno Kursten ◽  
Digby D. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration

scholarly journals CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel: The Synergy of Chloride Ion Concentration and Temperature on Metal Penetration

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/3583 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Pessu ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Anne Neville
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Passive Alloys ◽  
C 50

This paper investigates the synergy of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel in CO2-saturated environments. Experiments were conducted over 168 h in different concentrations of NaCl brines (1 wt%, 3.5 wt%, and 10 wt%) and temperatures (30°C, 50°C, and 80°C) with the aim of elucidating the combined effect of changes in chloride ion concentration and temperature on overall metal degradation, taking into consideration general and pitting corrosion. This also includes a correlation with the formation and properties of FeCO3 corrosion products. Linear polarization resistance was implemented to monitor the electrochemical responses. Corrosion product characteristics and morphologies were studied through a combination of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Pitting corrosion evaluation was conducted through the application of 3D surface profilometry to study pit geometries such as the depth and diameter. The results show that general and pitting corrosion are strongly correlated to the synergistic effects of changing chloride ion concentration and temperature in carbon steel as a result of their combined influence on ferrite (Fe) dissolution and FeCO3 formation. This represents a paradigm shift from the already established mechanisms on chloride ion and temperature effects on passive alloys such as stainless steel. Increasing chloride ion concentration and temperature up to 10 wt% NaCl and 50°C to 80°C, respectively, is observed to increase the rate of Fe dissolution and formation of semiprotective FeCO3 corrosion products, leading to the increased manifestation and severity of pitting corrosion. The results also show that a “threshold chloride concentration” exists at 30°C, above which there is no significant increase in corrosion rate. However, such “threshold effects” were not observed at higher temperatures evaluated in the range of chloride concentration considered in this study.

Effect of Inclusion on Pitting Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Jun Lang ◽  
Xian Qiu Huang ◽  
Tao Pang ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Pipeline Steel ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
X80 Pipeline Steel ◽  
Atomic Force

The influence of inclusion on pitting corrosion of X80 pipeline steel was investigated by using electrochemical test and atomic force microscope. The results indicated that corrosion potential of X80 pipeline steel sample with higher grade inclusion was lower, and decreased significantly with chloride ion concentration increasing. Inclusion was not conducive to corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel. The way of X80 pipeline steel pitting corrosion was that pit formed at the inclusion dissolution, and grew to pitting. There were less corrosion products near the pit hole, forming a cathode ring.

An Electrochemical Study Of Pitting Corrosion in Stainless Steels (Part 1—Pit Growth)

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. GREENE ◽  
M. G. FONTANA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Current Interruption ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
First Time

Abstract By means of a unique artificial pit specimen, pit growth on 18 percent chromium-8 percent nickel stainless steel has been measured and characterized. The effects of solution composition, agitation, atmosphere, corrosion current interruption, chloride ion concentration, and inhibitor additions have been investigated. Pit interaction during pit growth has also been determined. The autocatalytic nature of pitting has been verified, and evidence of ion screening at pit sites has been experimentally observed for the first time. 3.2.2

scholarly journals A Machine Learning-Based Model for Predicting Atmospheric Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Long Tran ◽  
Trong-Ha Nguyen ◽  
Van-Tien Phan ◽  
Duy-Duan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Time Of Wetness

The purpose of this study is to develop a practical artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. A set of 240 data samples, which are collected from the experimental results of atmospheric corrosion in tropical climate conditions, are utilized to develop the ANN model. Accordingly, seven meteorological and chemical factors of corrosion, namely, the average temperature, the average relative humidity, the total rainfall, the time of wetness, the hours of sunshine, the average chloride ion concentration, and the average sulfur dioxide deposition rate, are used as input variables for the ANN model. Meanwhile, the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel is considered as the output variable. An optimal ANN model with a high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and a small root mean square error of 0.281 mg/m2.month is retained to predict the corrosion rate. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis shows that the rainfall and hours of sunshine are the most influential parameters on predicting the atmospheric corrosion rate, whereas the average chloride ion concentration, the average temperature, and the time of wetness are less sensitive to the atmospheric corrosion rate. An ANN-based formula, which accommodates all input parameters, is thereafter proposed to estimate the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel. Finally, a graphical user interface is developed for calculating the atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel in tropical climate conditions.

scholarly journals Stochastic Modeling of the Influence of Environment on Pitting Corrosion Damage of Radioactive-Waste Containers

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Henshall
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Stochastic Parameters ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pit Initiation

AbstractA physically-based, phenomenological stochastic model for pit initiation and growth is presented as a potential tool for predicting the degradation of high-level radioactive-waste containers by aqueous pitting corrosion. Included in the model are simple phenomenological equations describing the dependence of the controlling stochastic parameters on the applied (or corrosion) potential, chloride ion concentration, and absolute temperature. Results from this model are presented that demonstrate its ability to simulate several important environmental effects on pitting.

Copper Tube Pitting Corrosion Product and Evaluation of Influence of Chloride Ion Concentration in Hot Water Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Takeshi Daikuhara ◽  
Yasushiro Gomi ◽  
Naoto Nakazato ◽  
Masahiro Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Copper Tube

A study of the influence of chloride ion concentration on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in phosphate high‐temperature boiler water chemistries

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Shun'an ◽  
Zhu Qing ◽  
Zhang Zhixin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Corrosion Pits

PurposeThis paper sets out to study the corrosion of No. 20 carbon steel without film and with films of different qualities in high‐temperature boiler water with different Cl− concentrations.Design/methodology/approachThe static simulated experiment in high‐pressure autoclave and the surface analysis methods of EPMA and XRD were carried out to study the corrosion effect.FindingsUnder the following conditions: T=360±3°C, pH = 9.40±0.10, cO2<0.020 mg/l, the density of pitting corrosion on specimens without a protective film increased with the increase of CCl− content, while CCl− was > 0.2 mg/l. The film on specimens with integral films would not dissolve observably even until the CCl− concentration was as high as 0.8 mg/l. Films with corrosion pits would begin dissolving when the Cl− concentration reached 0.4 mg/l. The main constituents of the oxidative films in the gas and liquid phases both were Fe3O4.Practical implicationsIn order to prevent carbon steel from corroding in boiler water containing Cl− under conditions of low‐phosphate and low‐sodium hydroxide treatment, the concentration of Cl− should be strictly controlled.Originality/valueIt was found that the presence of excessive Cl− in boiler water accelerated the corrosion of No. 20 carbon steel and the maximum permissible concentration of Cl− under the conditions (temperature and pressure) of sub‐critical drum boilers was 0.2 mg/l. The research results can provide theoretical guidelines for preventing the facilities of power plants from corroding.

An Empirical Model to Determine the Modes of Corrosion of Carbon Steel Under Near Field Environments of Geological Disposal

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikatsu Maeda ◽  
Masatoshi Watanabe ◽  
Seiji Takeda ◽  
Shinichi Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
General Corrosion

Carbon steel is an alloy that can be passivated and be attacked by localized corrosion under certain water chemistries. For example, it is known that carbon steel is passivated in solutions above pHd; the pH at general corrosion/passivation transition. In this study, an empirical model was developed to determine whether near field environments fall in the passivation or non-passivation domain for carbon steel. Using the experimental data obtained by previous studies, the pHd was defined as a function of four factors, where the activity of proton ion ([H+]) for pHd is assumed to be a linear combination of the logarithms of the total carbonate concentration ([C]), the chloride ion concentration ([Cl−]), the limiting current density of dissolved oxygen diffusion (iO2), and the inverse of absolute temperature of contacting solution (T). The derived equation fitted well with experimental data from previous studies.

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