Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., colonisation of a newly-planted organic pome fruit orchard in Central Otago, New Zealand, and methods of pest management over the first ten years

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Wearing ◽  
B.A. Attfield ◽  
K. Colhoun ◽  
R.R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Fruit Orchard

scholarly journals Will Peri-Urban Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Challenge Local Eradication?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Horner ◽  
Georgia Paterson ◽  
James T.S. Walker ◽  
George L.W. Perry ◽  
Rodelyn Jaksons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Catch Rate ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Urban Populations ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
The City

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a phytosanitary pest of New Zealand’s export apples. The sterile insect technique supplements other controls in an eradication attempt at an isolated group of orchards in Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand. There has been no attempt in New Zealand to characterize potential sources of uncontrolled peri-urban populations, which we predicted to be larger than in managed orchards. We installed 200 pheromone traps across Hastings city, which averaged 0.32 moths/trap/week. We also mapped host trees around the pilot eradication orchards and installed 28 traps in rural Ongaonga, which averaged 0.59 moths/trap/week. In Hastings, traps in host trees caught significantly more males than traps in non-host trees, and spatial interpolation showed evidence of spatial clustering. Traps in orchards operating the most stringent codling moth management averaged half the catch rate of Hastings peri-urban traps. Orchards with less rigorous moth control had a 5-fold higher trap catch rate. We conclude that peri-urban populations are significant and ubiquitous, and that special measures to reduce pest prevalence are needed to achieve area-wide suppression and reduce the risk of immigration into export orchards. Because the location of all host trees in Hastings is not known, it could be more cost-effectively assumed that hosts are ubiquitous across the city and the area treated accordingly.

scholarly journals Genome Analysis of A Novel South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-SA) with Resistance-Breaking Potential

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boitumelo Motsoeneng ◽  
Michael D. Jukes ◽  
Caroline M. Knox ◽  
Martin P. Hill ◽  
Sean D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Type I ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus

The complete genome of an endemic South African Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolate was sequenced and analyzed. Several missing or truncated open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, including a 24 bp deletion in the pe38 gene which is reported to be associated with type I resistance-breaking potential. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with five other fully sequenced CpGV isolates identified 67 unique events, 47 of which occurred within ORFs, leading to several amino acid changes. Further analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) within CpGV-SA revealed that this isolate consists of mixed genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis using complete genome sequences placed CpGV-SA basal to M, I12 and E2 and distal to S and I07 but with no distinct classification into any of the previously defined CpGV genogroups. These results suggest that CpGV-SA is a novel and genetically distinct isolate with significant potential as a biopesticide for management of codling moth (CM), not only in South Africa, but potentially in other pome fruit producing countries, particularly where CM resistance to CpGV has been reported.

scholarly journals Infrared detection of codling moth larvae in apples

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
R.T. Wilkinson ◽  
L.E. Jamieson ◽  
A.J. Hawthorne ◽  
D.E. Hartnett ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Infrared Detection ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths

Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a key pest of apples exported from New Zealand and is dif cult to control at levels required to ensure quarantine security demanded by many countries. Market access for New Zealand apples into countries with strict codling-moth quarantine regulations currently relies on methyl bromide fumigation combined with cold treatment (e.g. Japan) or the use of a rigorous systems approach (e.g. Taiwan). Detection of codling moth in apples would enable the very few apples in the packhouse with codling moth to be graded out. In this study, a commercially available Compac Spectrim grading system was used to determine if codling moth entry holes could be detected. This system provides high-clarity images through enhanced lighting and optics, as well as using various infrared wavelengths to target different defects and machine-learning algorithms to differentiate defects. Apples infested with first- or third-instar codling moth larvae were processed through the Spectrim machine. The system successfully identi ed 100% of apples infested with rst- instar larvae and 96% of apples infested with third-instar larvae. Additionally, damage caused by the two life stages was able to be differentiated.

scholarly journals Organic Apple Production in Two Humid Regions: Comparing Progress in Pest Management Strategies in Iowa and New Zealand

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Delate ◽  
Andrea McKern ◽  
Robert Turnbull ◽  
James T.S. Walker ◽  
Richard Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

By 2003, organic apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] production had increased to 5626 ha in the United States and to 2964 ha in New Zealand by 2002. Common problems facing organic apple growers in the humid regions of New Zealand and the United States include effective management strategies for apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke)] and insect pests. Experiments conducted in Iowa in 2003–2004 demonstrated the effectiveness of a kaolin clay- and spinosad-based insecticide program in maintaining codling moth [Cydia pomonella (L.)] damage levels to less than 5% in the scab-resistant cultivars Enterprise, Liberty, Redfree, and Gold Rush. Similar pest management systems have been developed in New Zealand to comply with export standards and quarantines. The use of codling moth granulosis virus and a spinosad-based insecticide have led to reduced pest pressure and to an increase in organic exports with a 41% premium price over conventional apples. However, an association between spinosad use and woolly apple aphid [Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)] population increase was observed in organic orchard surveys in 2006. An alternative to spinosad applications, insect disinfestation through controlled atmosphere (CA) treatment, was investigated to control quarantined pests and to extend the storage potential of scab-resistant cultivars. A CA treatment of 9 weeks of 2% O2 and 2% CO2 at 0.5 °C was determined to maintain firmness ratings to export standards in CA-stored, scab-resistant ‘Pinkie’ apples and to decrease internal ethylene concentration by 84% compared with apples stored in air. In addition, new scab-resistant cultivars with ‘Pinkie’ background under development in New Zealand show promise for organic production in humid regions. Few fruit quality differences were determined between ‘Pinkie’ fruits from integrated fruit production and organic production systems, although premium prices exist only for certified organic apples.

Evaluation of a non-chemical disinfestation treatment on quality of pome fruit and mortality of lepidopterous pests

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chervin ◽  
S. L. Kreidl ◽  
P. R. Franz ◽  
A. J. Hamilton ◽  
S. R. Whitmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth ◽  
Time Required

Australian pome fruit exports to northern America and Japan are rejected if they contain lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker) or codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) respectively. A warm controlled atmosphere (CA) disinfestation treatment (72 h at 28˚C at 0, 1 or 2 kPa O2 ), followed by varying lengths of cold storage (5 weeks, 10 weeks or 6 months), is described. Four cultivars were studied: Packham’s Triumph pears (Pyrus communis Linnaeus); Royal Gala; Fuji and Pink Lady apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Consumer panels found that fruit subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment and cold storage were as acceptable as control fruit. This is an important finding as previously published results for a harsher treatment described treated fruit (especially Pink Lady) as being less acceptable than controls. Some advanced ripening was observed for treated Packham’s Triumph pears. After 5 and 10 weeks cold storage, treated Royal Gala apples were generally firmer than the controls. Insects were also subjected to the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. The most tolerant life stage (MTS) of lightbrown apple moth was the sixth instar with an LT95 of 37 days cold storage (0.5˚C) after the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment. Comparison with previous research suggests that the 2 kPa O2 warm CA treatment approximately halves the time required in cold storage for effective control of late instar lightbrown apple moth. A LT95 of 81 days was achieved for fifth instar codling moths (considered to be the MTS) and this may need to be reduced for export to Japan. Preliminary observations suggested that there may not be substantial difference between the resistance of non-diapausing and pre-diapausing codling moth larvae to the warm CA followed by cold treatment.

Do floral resources affect fitness of adult Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Silvia Mátray ◽  
Annette Herz
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The introduction of flowering plants into orchards can increase functional biodiversity in pome fruit cultivation. Plants provide nectar, pollen and prey resources supporting pollinators and natural enemies. However, pests may also benefit from floral diets and a careful selection of plants is necessary to reduce any risk of pest proliferation. The codling moth Cydia pomonella is a major pest in apple growing worldwide and adults are known to consume sugars. The impact of floral diets (parsnip, wild carrot, coriander, red clover) on longevity, fecundity and fertility of adult codling moth was examined under laboratory conditions. In general, male moths lived longer than females, regardless of dietary treatments. Moths survived longest when supplied with parsnip flowers as a floral diet. Contrary to carrot, coriander resulted in higher longevity of adult C. pomonella compared to moths provided with red clover as a negative control. Adult nutrition on floral diets did not affect fecundity substantially. As expected, the majority of eggs were laid within the first week. Prolongation of moths’ lifespan by floral diets did not significantly increase the total number of eggs laid in contrast to a diet with 25% sucrose solution. According to these results, the risk of inadvertently promoting codling moth when growing selected flowering plants in the orchard will be rather low, because the fitness of the moths and especially the reproduction of the females will not be substantially enhanced.

scholarly journals Parasitoids associated with codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apple-growing regions in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Vicky A. Davis ◽  
W.R. Manoharie Sandanayaka ◽  
John G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Light Brown Apple Moth ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Mastrus Ridens

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) (CM) is a major pest of apples in New Zealand. Several biocontrol agents introduced in the past to control CM have only been partially successful at reducing CM populations, so a parasitoid wasp, Mastrus ridens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recently released into apple-growing regions. This study sought evidence of the establishment of CM parasitoids. Corrugated cardboard bands (2-cm wide bands with sentinel CM larvae and 10-cm wide empty bands to trap wild CM larvae) were used to assess the presence of M. ridens and other CM parasitoids in Hawke’s Bay, Nelson, Central Otago and Waikato regions. Five CM parasitoid species, including M. ridens, were recovered from sentinel and wide bands. Liotryphon caudatus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released to control CM in 1906) was found in Hawke’s Bay and Waikato. Ascogaster quadridentata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, released to control CM in the 1930s), Glabridorsum stokesii (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, released in 1967 to control light brown apple moth), Dibrachys microgastri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, an accidental arrival) and M. ridens were found in all regions. The interspecific competition between M. ridens and other parasitoid species remains to be investigated.

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