Interactions between the root rot pathogen Fusarium avenaceum and the pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus) in field pea

Conner, R. L., Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Warkentin, T. D. and McRae, K. B. 2013. Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 473–482. Aphanomyces root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a serious disease of peas (Pisum sativum) that can severely reduce seed yield, and few effective control measures are available. The development of pea cultivars with tolerance or partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot is generally considered to be one of the best options to reduce yield loss. A 4-yr field study was conducted at disease-free sites and at an Aphanomyces root rot site to compare the responses of cultivars and lines in the presence and absence of Aphanomyces root rot, identify breeding lines with tolerance and to evaluate the effects of tolerance on plant growth, disease severity and yield. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, a second test was established in which the phosphite fungicide Phostrol™ was applied as a soil drench treatment to the pea cultivars and lines. Aphanomyces root rot reduced seedling emergence, biomass production and yield in the susceptible pea genotypes. However, line 00-2067 consistently produced relatively high yields at all the field sites. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, yield was closely associated with plant vigour and shoot weight. Small, but significant, differences (P<0.05) in disease severity were observed between susceptible cultivars and tolerant lines indicating that the lines producing high yields at the Aphanomyces root rot site are tolerant rather than partially resistant. The root/shoot weight ratio was very low in the tolerant lines, indicating that even though their root systems were reduced and severely damaged by root rot, they were still able to produce high yields under favourable conditions for the disease. Drench application of the fungicide Phostrol™ did not significantly reduce root rot severity or improve the performance of any of the pea cultivars or lines.

Download Full-text

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-293 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 619-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. F. Chang ◽

S. F. Hwang ◽

H. U. Ahmed ◽

B. D. Gossen ◽

G. D. Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Stand Density ◽

Field Trials ◽

Field Pea ◽

Seedling Blight ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽

Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-078 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 519-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. G. Xue

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Trials ◽

Field Pea ◽

Seed Treatments ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Pea Root ◽

Pea Root Rot ◽

Better Than

The efficacy of seed treatments with bioagent ACM941 (a strain of Clonostachys rosea), its formulated products GB116 and ACM941-Pro, and common fungicides for the control of pea root rot complex were examined in six field trials in western Canada from 1996 to 2000. The effects on seedling emergence, root rot severity, and yield varied among years. In trials 1 and 2 (1996–1997), none of the treatments significantly reduced root rot severity or increased yield. ACM941 + Thiram 75WP was the most effective treatment, increasing emergence by 17.4% and was significantly better than that of the untreated controls. In trials 3 and 4 (1997–1998), Apron FL alone and ACM941 + Apron FL were significantly better than the untreated control, increasing emergence by 6.2 and 7.7%, and yield by 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively. In trials 5 and 6 (1999–2000), AC M 941 and GB116 were equally the most effective treatments, increasing emergence by 11.5 and 12.2%, and yield by 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than that of the untreated control, but not significantly different from those of Apron FL or Vitaflo-280. ACM941-Pro was developed and tested in 2000 only, and it increased emergence by 17.1% and reduced root rot severity by 29.6%. Key words: Bioagent, Clonostachys rosea, field pea, Pisum sativum, pea root rot complex (PRRC), seed treatment, fungicide

Download Full-text

Greenhouse test for the resistance to root and stem rot of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10547-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 533-535

Author(s):

A. Kačergius ◽

D. Radaitienė

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Hypericum Perforatum ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Field Collection ◽

Hypericum Perforatum L ◽

Wild Accessions

Root and stem rot caused by soil-borne agent Fusarium avenaceum is a major disease of wild Hypericum perforatum accessions in the field collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) of the Institute of Botany in Lithuania. These wild accessions of H. perforatum are growing as an initial material for breeding. In 1998–2001 the monitoring of epidemiological situation of field collection of H. perforatum showed differences among accessions considering the resistance to root rot. High intensity of root rot was observed in the third–fourth years of cultivation. The most damaged plants (> 50%) were among the accessions 219, 379, 381, and cv. Zolotodolinskaja. Fungi of the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Verticillium genera were associated with H. perforatum roots together with the rot agent Fusarium avenaceum. Seven accessions from Lithuania and cv. Zolotodolinskaja of H. perforatum were tested for the resistance to root rot under greenhouse conditions. Two accessions (219, 381) were highly susceptible to the disease, another two (218, 383) were less susceptible, others were free of the symptoms of root rot. Accessions and single plants, survived after artificial infection, have been selected for further investigations.

Download Full-text

Associations among the communities of soil-borne pathogens, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence in the field pea root rot complex

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-020-04745-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 457 (1-2) ◽

pp. 339-354

Author(s):

Kimberly Zitnick-Anderson ◽

Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽

Shana Forster ◽

Julie S. Pasche

Keyword(s):

North Dakota ◽

Root Rot ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Clay Content ◽

Field Pea ◽

Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽

Soil Borne Pathogens ◽

Edaphic Properties

Abstract Background and aims Field pea production is greatly impacted by multiple soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens in a complex. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify the soil-borne pathogens associated with field pea in North Dakota and; 2) develop prediction models incorporating the occurrence of the soil-borne pathogen communities, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence. Methods Soil and plants were sampled from 60 field pea fields in North Dakota during 2014 and 2015. Plants (1500 across two years) were rated for both root rot and soil-borne pathogens isolated from roots. Soils were analyzed for edaphic properties. Indicator species analysis was used to identify soil-borne pathogen communities. Logistic regression was used to determine associations and develop prediction models. Results Survey results from 2014 and 2015 indicated that the most prevalent soil-borne pathogens identified in field pea fields were Fusarium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches. Five soil-borne pathogen communities were identified; three of which had statistically significant associations characterized by (1) Fusarium acuminatum, (3) A. euteiches, and (4) Fusarium sporotrichioides. The occurrence of the three communities were associated with clay content, soil pH, Fe2+, and K+. Disease incidence was associated with the presence of either community 1 or 3 and K+. Conclusions The results generated from this research will contribute to the development of management strategies by providing a soil-borne pathogen community prediction tool.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of precipitated calcium carbonate in managing fusarium root rot of field pea

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/s12600-016-0528-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 295-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kishore Chittem ◽

Mohamed F. R. Khan ◽

Rubella S. Goswami

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Pea ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

Download Full-text

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-172 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S. F. Hwang ◽

B. D. Gossen ◽

R. L. Conner ◽

K. F. Chang ◽

G. D. Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Root Rot ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Pea ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Seedling Blight ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Pea Seedlings

Seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in stand density of field pea on the Canadian prairies. Ninety-four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from soil samples collected from 37 pea fields in 1999 in Alberta, Canada. Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1. Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1. Two highly pathogenic AG-4 isolates were used to assess the effect of inoculum density on survival and growth of field pea seedlings, and the impact of seeding date, seeding depth, soil temperature, seed damage, seed treatments and seeding density on seedling blight and root rot injury. As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined. Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments. In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher. In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years. Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates. Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting. Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity. Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m-2 did not result in proportionately higher yields. These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions. Key words: Pisum sativum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), management, seeding depth, seeding rate

Download Full-text