Combination effects of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, with Abamectin on developmental stages of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 105543
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Zahra Sanatipour ◽  
Davoud Mohammadi ◽  
Aoife B. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Combination Effects

scholarly journals Dissemination of Isaria fumosorosea Spores by Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Rostislav Zemek ◽  
Michal Kopačka ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Globally Distributed

Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi are globally distributed soil organisms that are frequently used as bioagents in biological control and integrated pest management. Many studies have demonstrated that the combination of biocontrol agents can increase their efficacy against target hosts. In our study, we focused on another potential benefit of the synergy of two species of nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and the fungus Isaria fumosorosea. According to our hypothesis, these nematodes may be able to disseminate this fungus into the environment. To test this hypothesis, we studied fungal dispersal by the nematodes in different arenas, including potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, sand heaps, sand barriers, and glass tubes filled with soil. The results of our study showed, for the first time, that the spreading of both conidia and blastospores of I. fumosorosea is significantly enhanced by the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes, but the efficacy of dissemination is negatively influenced by the heterogeneity of the testing arena. We also found that H. bacteriophora spread fungi more effectively than S. feltiae. This phenomenon could be explained by the differences in the presence and persistence of second-stage cuticles or by different foraging behavior. Finally, we observed that blastospores are disseminated more effectively than conidia, which might be due to the different adherence of these spores (conidia are hydrophobic, while blastospores are hydrophilic). The obtained results showed that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can enhance the efficiency of fungal dispersal.

Seasonal and vertical distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2) and Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) in turf and fallow areas

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Susurluk
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractTo determine the seasonal movement of the dauer juvenile (DJ) stage of entomopathogenic nematodes, DJ of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2) and Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) were applied to field plots (turf and fallow) and their vertical distribution in soil was monitored for 8 months (October to June) in Turkey. Most S. feltiae remained near the soil surface (0-15 cm deep) in both kinds of plots and throughout the study. By contrast, H. bacteriophora moved to 40 cm depth in fallow plots during winter months but remained mostly near the soil surface (0-15 cm deep) in turf plots throughout the study.

scholarly journals A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi ◽  
Christine Griffin ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.

scholarly journals Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Susurluk ◽  
T. C. Ulu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 °C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.

Compatibility of acaricides with entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis)

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Bajc ◽  
Urška Držaj ◽  
Stanislav Trdan ◽  
Žiga Laznik
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Combined Use

To expand our knowledge about the compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to pesticides, we studied the compatibility of EPN infective juveniles (IJ) to five acaricides under laboratory conditions. Four EPN species were used: Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The results of our laboratory investigation showed that H. bacteriophora was the most tolerant EPN species and the most sensitive species was S. feltiae. Our observations showed that S. feltiae can be mixed with only two acaricides. The active substance (a.s.) fenpyroximate proved to be the most suitable for mixing with EPN. Fenpyroximate was only lethal to S. feltiae (44% mortality) at 25°C. The mortality of EPN was highest in the a.s. abamectin and pyrethrin. The mortality of EPN was influenced by species, exposure time, a.s. and temperature. The combined use of EPN and acaricides could represent an advantage in integrated plant protection programmes.

Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to different stages of the flatheaded root borer, Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Morton ◽  
Fernando García-del-Pino
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe virulence of 14 Steinernema feltiae isolates, one S. carpocapsae and three Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolates was compared in the laboratory against larvae, pupae and adults of the flatheaded root borer, Capnodis tenebrionis. Larval mortality ranged from 50 to 100% and pupae mortality from 0 to 70%. Adults were exposed to different nematode concentrations, 50 and 100 infective juveniles/cm2. Steinernema feltiae caused the highest mortality at the two doses tested, reaching 66.7% and 100%, respectively. Significant differences in mortality between C. tenebrionis males and females were observed. The differences in virulence observed at each stage of C. tenebrionis vary within a species and can be higher than differences among species. The results of this study suggest that some of the isolate strains have potential for improved biological control of C. tenebrionis.

Influence of temperature on the vertical movement of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2), and infectivity of the moving nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alper Susurluk
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The vertical movement of Turkish isolates of Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TURH2) was compared at different temperatures in the presence and absence of larvae of the host insect, Galleria mellonella. Nematodes of both species moved faster towards the bottom of the column when an insect was placed there. Steinernema feltiae showed greater vertical dispersal ability than H. bacteriophora. The vertical movement of both species increased as the temperature increased and lower temperatures depressed the movement of H. bacteriophora more than S. feltiae. The nematodes that had migrated different distances were compared for their infectivity to G. mellonella and the positive correlations between distance travelled and infectivity indicate that there is a link between host searching behaviour and infection behaviour in S. feltiae and, to a lesser extent, also in H. bacteriophora.

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