scholarly journals Risperidone Induced Alterations in Feeding and Locomotion Behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaditya Vikram Gaur ◽  
Rakhi Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Locomotion Behavior

scholarly journals Biosafety Assessment of Acinetobacter Strains Isolated From the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjia Deng ◽  
Huihui Du ◽  
Mingfeng Tang ◽  
Qilong Wang ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Biosafety Assessment ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Reference Strains

Abstract Acinetobacter is an important nosocomial pathogen frequently detected in backwater areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region. We here employed Caenorhabditis elegans to perform biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from the backwater area in the TGR region and reference strains. Among 21 isolates and 5 reference strains of Acinetobacter, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii ATCC 19606T, A. junii NH88-14 and A. lwoffii DSM 2403T resulted in significant decrease in locomotion behavior and reduction in lifespan. In nematodes, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii, A. junii and A. lwoffii also resulted in significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, exposure to Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 led to significant increase in expressions of both SOD-3::GFP and some antimicrobial genes (lys-1, spp-12, lys-7, dod-6, spp-1, dod-22, lys-8, and/or F55G11.4) in nematodes. The Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 had different morphological, biochemical, and phylogenetical properties. Our results suggested that it exists the exposure risk of some Acinetobacter strains isolated from the TGR region for environmental organisms and human health, and Caenorhabditis elegans can be used to assess the biosafety of Acinetobacter isolates from the environment.

scholarly journals Optogenetic analysis of GABAB receptor signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schultheis ◽  
Martin Brauner ◽  
Jana F. Liewald ◽  
Alexander Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Gabab Receptor ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

In the nervous system, a perfect balance of excitation and inhibition is required, for example, to enable coordinated locomotion. In Caenorhabditis elegans, cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons (MNs) effect waves of contralateral muscle contraction and relaxation. Cholinergic MNs innervate muscle as well as GABAergic MNs, projecting to the opposite side of the body, at dyadic synapses. Only a few connections exist from GABAergic to cholinergic MNs, emphasizing that GABA signaling is mainly directed toward muscle. Yet, a GABAB receptor comprising GBB-1 and GBB-2 subunits, expressed in cholinergic MNs, was shown to affect locomotion, likely by feedback inhibition of cholinergic MNs in response to spillover GABA. In the present study, we examined whether the GBB-1/2 receptor could also affect short-term plasticity in cholinergic MNs with the use of channelrhodopsin-2-mediated photostimulation of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. The GBB-1/2 receptor contributes to acute body relaxation, evoked by photoactivation of GABAergic MNs, and to effects of GABA on locomotion behavior. Loss of the plasma membrane GABA transporter SNF-11, as well as acute photoevoked GABA release, affected cholinergic MN function in opposite directions. Prolonged stimulation of GABA MNs had subtle effects on cholinergic MNs, depending on stimulus duration and gbb-2. Thus GBB-1/2 receptors serve mainly for linear feedback inhibition of cholinergic MNs but also evoke minor plastic changes.

scholarly journals Toxicity and multigenerational effects of bisphenol S exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans on developmental, biochemical, reproductive and oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Caiqin Zhang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Yansheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of BPA. However, it does not mean that BPS is a safe substitute due to the lack of effective evaluation of BPS. In this study, the clinical model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to study the effects of BPS on the locomotion behavior, growth, reproduction, lifespan and antioxidant system. Our study found that C. elegans exposed to 0.01 μM BPS could have significantly inhibited locomotion behavior and growth, as well as damaged reproductive and antioxidant systems and lifespan. It is interesting to note that in multi-generational exposure studies, we found that BPS exhibits complex genotoxicity. With the transmission to the offspring, BPS showed more significant inhibition of the head thrashes of the nematode, while the effect on the body bends and body length was gradually weakened. The effect of BPS on the brood size shows different rules according to different concentrations and offsprings. Therefore, the safety of BPS still needs further evaluation, especially the multi-generational genotoxicity.

scholarly journals microRNAs involved in the control of toxicity on locomotion behavior induced by simulated microgravity stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmei Sun ◽  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Dayong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Epigenetic Control ◽  
Candidate Mirnas ◽  
Locomotion Behavior

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of targeted genes. We here systematically identify miRNAs in response to simulated microgravity based on both expressions and functional analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. After simulated microgravity treatment, we observed that 19 miRNAs (16 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated) were dysregulated. Among these dysregulated miRNAs, let-7, mir-54, mir-67, mir-85, mir-252, mir-354, mir-789, mir-2208, and mir-5592 were required for the toxicity induction of simulated microgravity in suppressing locomotion behavior. In nematodes, alteration in expressions of let-7, mir-67, mir-85, mir-252, mir-354, mir-789, mir-2208, and mir-5592 mediated a protective response to simulated microgravity, whereas alteration in mir-54 expression mediated the toxicity induction of simulated microgravity. Moreover, among these candidate miRNAs, let-7 regulated the toxicity of simulated microgravity by targeting and suppressing SKN-1/Nrf protein. In the intestine, a signaling cascade of SKN-1/Nrf-GST-4/GST-5/GST-7 required for the control of oxidative stress was identified to act downstream of let-7 to regulate the toxicity of simulated microgravity. Our data demonstrated the crucial function of miRNAs in regulating the toxicity of simulated microgravity stress in organisms. Moreover, our results further provided an important molecular basis for epigenetic control of toxicity of simulated microgravity.

scholarly journals The Effects of Carbendazim on Acute Toxicity, Development, and Reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Xinghua Zhou ◽  
Caiqin Zhang ◽  
Yansheng Zhao ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Potential Risks

Carbendazim, as a fungicide, was commonly used to control fungal diseases in agriculture, forestry, and veterinary medicines. In this study, the acute and reproductive toxicity of carbendazim was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model in order to preliminarily evaluate the potential risks of this fungicide in agricultural production and application. The results showed that the growth of C. elegans was inhibited by 0.01 μg/L carbendazim. The treatment of 0.1 μg/L carbendazim caused a significant decrease in locomotion behavior and significant damage to the reproductive and antioxidant system, causing the lifespan of nematodes to be drastically shortened. These results provide a better understanding of the environmental risk of carbendazim and raise new concerns about safety.

Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans behavior in response to chemical stress by using hidden Markov model

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 1450136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeontaek Choi ◽  
Seungwoo Sim ◽  
Sang-Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Pattern Sequence ◽  
Locomotion Behavior

The locomotion behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied to understand the relationship between the changes in the organism's neural activity and the biomechanics. However, so far, we have not yet achieved the understanding. This is because the worm complicatedly responds to the environmental factors, especially chemical stress. Constructing a mathematical model is helpful for the understanding the locomotion behavior in various surrounding conditions. In the present study, we built three hidden Markov models for the crawling behavior of C. elegans in a controlled environment with no chemical treatment and in a polluted environment by formaldehyde, toluene, and benzene (0.1 ppm and 0.5 ppm for each case). The organism's crawling activity was recorded using a digital camcorder for 20 min at a rate of 24 frames per second. All shape patterns were quantified by branch length similarity entropy and classified into five groups by using the self-organizing map. To evaluate and establish the hidden Markov models, we compared correlation coefficients between the simulated behavior (i.e. temporal pattern sequence) generated by the models and the actual crawling behavior. The comparison showed that the hidden Markov models are successful to characterize the crawling behavior. In addition, we briefly discussed the possibility of using the models together with the entropy to develop bio-monitoring systems for determining water quality.

Identifying sources of D-serine in Caenorhabditis elegans and their impact on behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian A. Qiu ◽  
Harvey M. Andersen ◽  
Nissa J. Larson ◽  
Nathan E. Schroeder ◽  
Jonathan V. Sweedler
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Serine Racemase ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Culturing Conditions

Free D-serine (D-Ser) is a potent co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in glutamate neurotransmission and regulates NMDAR functions in the nervous system. Serine racemases convert L-serine to D-Ser and are believed to be the major source of D-Ser in animals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a knockout of the serine racemase serr-1 results in behavioral changes, but the level of D-Ser is unaffected. By growing C. elegans on peptone-free nematode growth medium (PF-NGM), we delineated the sources of D-Ser, both exogenous from peptone in culturing media and endogenous from the serine racemase serr-1, and a potential serine/aspartate racemase candidate, Y51H7C.9, identified by sequence similarity network analysis. We also discovered a new serine dehydratase (aka serine ammonia-lyase), K01C8.1, in C. elegans. We identified the serr-1 knockout and PF-NGM culturing conditions as two independent factors that impact C. elegans locomotion behavior after off-food, both short-term and long-term, and no interactions were found between the two factors.

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