scholarly journals The Effects of Carbendazim on Acute Toxicity, Development, and Reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Xinghua Zhou ◽  
Caiqin Zhang ◽  
Yansheng Zhao ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Veterinary Medicines ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Potential Risks

Carbendazim, as a fungicide, was commonly used to control fungal diseases in agriculture, forestry, and veterinary medicines. In this study, the acute and reproductive toxicity of carbendazim was assessed using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model in order to preliminarily evaluate the potential risks of this fungicide in agricultural production and application. The results showed that the growth of C. elegans was inhibited by 0.01 μg/L carbendazim. The treatment of 0.1 μg/L carbendazim caused a significant decrease in locomotion behavior and significant damage to the reproductive and antioxidant system, causing the lifespan of nematodes to be drastically shortened. These results provide a better understanding of the environmental risk of carbendazim and raise new concerns about safety.

scholarly journals Toxicity and multigenerational effects of bisphenol S exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans on developmental, biochemical, reproductive and oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Xiao ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Caiqin Zhang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Yansheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Multigenerational Effects

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of BPA. However, it does not mean that BPS is a safe substitute due to the lack of effective evaluation of BPS. In this study, the clinical model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to study the effects of BPS on the locomotion behavior, growth, reproduction, lifespan and antioxidant system. Our study found that C. elegans exposed to 0.01 μM BPS could have significantly inhibited locomotion behavior and growth, as well as damaged reproductive and antioxidant systems and lifespan. It is interesting to note that in multi-generational exposure studies, we found that BPS exhibits complex genotoxicity. With the transmission to the offspring, BPS showed more significant inhibition of the head thrashes of the nematode, while the effect on the body bends and body length was gradually weakened. The effect of BPS on the brood size shows different rules according to different concentrations and offsprings. Therefore, the safety of BPS still needs further evaluation, especially the multi-generational genotoxicity.

Identifying sources of D-serine in Caenorhabditis elegans and their impact on behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian A. Qiu ◽  
Harvey M. Andersen ◽  
Nissa J. Larson ◽  
Nathan E. Schroeder ◽  
Jonathan V. Sweedler
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Serine Racemase ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Culturing Conditions

Free D-serine (D-Ser) is a potent co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in glutamate neurotransmission and regulates NMDAR functions in the nervous system. Serine racemases convert L-serine to D-Ser and are believed to be the major source of D-Ser in animals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a knockout of the serine racemase serr-1 results in behavioral changes, but the level of D-Ser is unaffected. By growing C. elegans on peptone-free nematode growth medium (PF-NGM), we delineated the sources of D-Ser, both exogenous from peptone in culturing media and endogenous from the serine racemase serr-1, and a potential serine/aspartate racemase candidate, Y51H7C.9, identified by sequence similarity network analysis. We also discovered a new serine dehydratase (aka serine ammonia-lyase), K01C8.1, in C. elegans. We identified the serr-1 knockout and PF-NGM culturing conditions as two independent factors that impact C. elegans locomotion behavior after off-food, both short-term and long-term, and no interactions were found between the two factors.

scholarly journals Biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from the Three Gorges Reservoir region in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjia Deng ◽  
Huihui Du ◽  
Mingfeng Tang ◽  
Qilong Wang ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Biosafety Assessment ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Reference Strains

AbstractAcinetobacter has been frequently detected in backwater areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region. We here employed Caenorhabditis elegans to perform biosafety assessment of Acinetobacter strains isolated from backwater area in the TGR region. Among 21 isolates and 5 reference strains of Acinetobacter, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii ATCC 19606T, A. junii NH88-14, and A. lwoffii DSM 2403T resulted in significant decrease in locomotion behavior and reduction in lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. In nematodes, exposure to Acinetobacter strains of AC1, AC15, AC18, AC21, A. baumannii, A. junii and A. lwoffii also resulted in significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, exposure to Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 led to significant increase in expressions of both SOD-3::GFP and some antimicrobial genes (lys-1, spp-12, lys-7, dod-6, spp-1, dod-22, lys-8, and/or F55G11.4) in nematodes. The Acinetobacter isolates of AC1, AC15, AC18, and AC21 had different morphological, biochemical, phylogenetical, and virulence gene properties. Our results suggested that exposure risk of some Acinetobacter strains isolated from the TGR region exists for environmental organisms and human health. In addition, C. elegans is useful to assess biosafety of Acinetobacter isolates from the environment.

scholarly journals The ERK MAPK pathway modulates Gq-dependent locomotion in >Caenorhabditis elegans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantley Coleman ◽  
Irini Topalidou ◽  
Michael Ailion
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Erk Mapk ◽  
Downstream Effector ◽  
Locomotion Behavior ◽  
Effector Pathways ◽  
Control Locomotion

AbstractThe heterotrimeric G protein Gq regulates neuronal activity through distinct downstream effector pathways. In addition to the canonical Gq effector phospholipase Cβ, the small GTPase Rho was recently identified as a conserved effector of Gq. To identify additional molecules important for Gq signaling in neurons, we performed a forward genetic screen in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for suppressors of the hyperactivity and exaggerated waveform of an activated Gq mutant. We isolated two mutations affecting the MAP kinase scaffold protein KSR-1 and found that KSR-1 modulates locomotion downstream of or in parallel to the Gq-Rho pathway. Through epistasis experiments, we found that the core ERK MAPK cascade is required for Gq-Rho regulation of locomotion, but that the canonical ERK activator LET-60/Ras may not be required. Through neuron-specific rescue experiments, we found that the ERK pathway functions in head acetylcholine neurons to control Gq-dependent locomotion. Additionally, expression of activated LIN-45/Raf in head acetylcholine neurons is sufficient to cause an exaggerated waveform phenotype and hypersensitivity to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb, similar to an activated Gq mutant. Taken together, our results suggest that the ERK MAPK pathway modulates the output of Gq-Rho signaling to control locomotion behavior in C. elegans.

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

Processes of import substitution in the market of meat and dairy products in the context of economic policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
T.N. Belova ◽  
V.S. Konkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Dairy Markets ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Key Indicators

In article the complex assessment of modern policy of import substitution in the sphere of the agrofood market based on balance of its positive and negative effects is given. According to Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service the complex dynamic analysis of the meat and dairy markets in the context of key indicators — the price, import, export is carried out. Relationships of cause and effect of change of a condition of the food market in connection with introduction of economic sanctions are revealed. The conclusion that the policy of import substitution has to consider the potential risks and threats connected as with the possible accompanying growth of the food prices and deterioration of the food status of the least provided groups of the population, and with technical and technological dependence of domestic agricultural production on a foreign market is drawn. The main directions in which programs of support and stimulation are necessary are formulated.

The Effect of Mianserin on Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans is Abolished by Glucose

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almotayri ◽  
Jency Thomas ◽  
Mihiri Munasinghe ◽  
Markandeya Jois
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Use ◽  
Extension Effect

Background: The antidepressant mianserin has been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a well-established model organism used in aging research. The extension of lifespan in C. elegans was shown to be dependent on increased expression of the scaffolding protein (ANK3/unc-44). In contrast, antidepressant use in humans is associated with an increased risk of death. The C. elegans in the laboratory are fed Escherichia coli (E. coli), a diet high in protein and low in carbohydrate, whereas a typical human diet is high in carbohydrates. We hypothesized that dietary carbohydrates might mitigate the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Objective: To investigate the effect of glucose added to the diet of C. elegans on the lifespan-extension effect of mianserin. Methods: Wild-type Bristol N2 and ANK3/unc-44 inactivating mutants were cultured on agar plates containing nematode growth medium and fed E. coli. Treatment groups included (C) control, (M50) 50 μM mianserin, (G) 73 mM glucose, and (M50G) 50 μM mianserin and 73 mM glucose. Lifespan was determined by monitoring the worms until they died. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier version of the log-rank test. Results: Mianserin treatment resulted in a 12% increase in lifespan (P<0.05) of wild-type Bristol N2 worms but reduced lifespan by 6% in ANK3/unc-44 mutants, consistent with previous research. The addition of glucose to the diet reduced the lifespan of both strains of worms and abolished the lifespan-extension by mianserin. Conclusion: The addition of glucose to the diet of C. elegans abolishes the lifespan-extension effects of mianserin.

The zebrafish embryo model in environmental risk assessment—applications beyond acute toxicity testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scholz ◽  
Stephan Fischer ◽  
Ulrike Gündel ◽  
Eberhard Küster ◽  
Till Luckenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy of the B9 Proteins and Nephrocystins in Caenorhabditis elegans Ciliogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. Williams ◽  
Marlene E. Winkelbauer ◽  
Jenny C. Schafer ◽  
Edward J. Michaud ◽  
Bradley K. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Cystic Kidney ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Cilia Formation ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Candidate Loci

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS), nephronophthisis (NPHP), and Joubert syndrome (JBTS) are a group of heterogeneous cystic kidney disorders with partially overlapping loci. Many of the proteins associated with these diseases interact and localize to cilia and/or basal bodies. One of these proteins is MKS1, which is disrupted in some MKS patients and contains a B9 motif of unknown function that is found in two other mammalian proteins, B9D2 and B9D1. Caenorhabditis elegans also has three B9 proteins: XBX-7 (MKS1), TZA-1 (B9D2), and TZA-2 (B9D1). Herein, we report that the C. elegans B9 proteins form a complex that localizes to the base of cilia. Mutations in the B9 genes do not overtly affect cilia formation unless they are in combination with a mutation in nph-1 or nph-4, the homologues of human genes (NPHP1 and NPHP4, respectively) that are mutated in some NPHP patients. Our data indicate that the B9 proteins function redundantly with the nephrocystins to regulate the formation and/or maintenance of cilia and dendrites in the amphid and phasmid ciliated sensory neurons. Together, these data suggest that the human homologues of the novel B9 genes B9D2 and B9D1 will be strong candidate loci for pathologies in human MKS, NPHP, and JBTS.

scholarly journals Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Homologs of the Down Syndrome Candidate Gene DYRK1A

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Raich ◽  
Celine Moorman ◽  
Clay O Lacefield ◽  
Jonah Lehrer ◽  
Dusan Bartsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Inducible Promoters ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Specificity Protein

Abstract The pathology of trisomy 21/Down syndrome includes cognitive and memory deficits. Increased expression of the dual-specificity protein kinase DYRK1A kinase (DYRK1A) appears to play a significant role in the neuropathology of Down syndrome. To shed light on the cellular role of DYRK1A and related genes we identified three DYRK/minibrain-like genes in the genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans, termed mbk-1, mbk-2, and hpk-1. We found these genes to be widely expressed and to localize to distinct subcellular compartments. We isolated deletion alleles in all three genes and show that loss of mbk-1, the gene most closely related to DYRK1A, causes no obvious defects, while another gene, mbk-2, is essential for viability. The overexpression of DYRK1A in Down syndrome led us to examine the effects of overexpression of its C. elegans ortholog mbk-1. We found that animals containing additional copies of the mbk-1 gene display behavioral defects in chemotaxis toward volatile chemoattractants and that the extent of these defects correlates with mbk-1 gene dosage. Using tissue-specific and inducible promoters, we show that additional copies of mbk-1 can impair olfaction cell-autonomously in mature, fully differentiated neurons and that this impairment is reversible. Our results suggest that increased gene dosage of human DYRK1A in trisomy 21 may disrupt the function of fully differentiated neurons and that this disruption is reversible.

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