scholarly journals Optimization potentials for wastewater treatment and energy savings in industrial zones in Vietnam: Case studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 100169
Author(s):  
Marina Sabelfeld ◽  
Lina Streckwall ◽  
Bui Xuan-Thanh ◽  
Sven-Uwe Geißen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Industrial Zones

Energy Savings at Phoenix 23rd Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Feed-Forward Process Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (13) ◽  
pp. 3722-3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Walz ◽  
J.R. Coughenour ◽  
Kevin Williams ◽  
John Jacobs ◽  
Larry Shone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Forward Process

scholarly journals The control of small and medium sized public wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region (North Italy): general situation, critical issues and case studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-779
Author(s):  
M. Ostoich ◽  
F. Serena ◽  
A. Pozzobon ◽  
L. Tomiato
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Critical Issues

Abstract Water bodies' quality objectives are defined in accordance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. For regulation and control of small-sized waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs), responsibility is delegated in Italy to Regional Authorities that fix specific regulations (Water Protection Plan WPP included in the River Basin Management Plan RBMP) in collaboration with the District Authorities. Small (<2,000 population equivalent – PE) and medium sized (2,000–10,000 PE) WWTPs in the Veneto Region (North Italy) represent about 10% of the total organic load (Imhoff systems included). This also comprises some industrial discharges. Due to the urban sprawl, plants are spread over the regional territory. In the Veneto Region, data from the official census reveals there are n. 248 plants under 2,000 PE and 135 plants in 2,000–10,000 range while the total number of authorized plants is 488 for a total potentiality of 9,141,572 PE. Data from institutional controls performed by the Veneto Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) on WWTPs has been recovered for all the WWTPs with up to 10,000 PE in the provinces of Venice, Treviso and Vicenza (for a total of 306,118 PE and for a total of 164 plants) in the period 2008–2015 and elaborated to assess critical parameters and plants. The general situation, critical issues and case studies have been presented and discussed. Organic load, nutrients and Escherichia coli are the most critical parameters considering the regional WPP.

Polymer Heat Exchangers: An Enabling Technology for Water and Energy Savings

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Cevallos ◽  
Frank Robinson ◽  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Hugh Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Polymer Heat Exchangers

Polymer heat exchangers (PHXs), using thermally-enhanced composites, constitute a “disruptive” thermal technology that can lead to significant water and energy savings in the thermoelectric energy sector. This paper reviews current trends in electricity generation, water use, and the inextricable relationship between the two trends in order to identify the possible role of PHXs in seawater cooling applications. The use of once-through seawater cooling as a replacement for freshwater recirculating systems is identified as a viable way to reduce the use of freshwater and to increase power plant efficiency. The widespread use of seawater as a coolant can be made possible by the favorable qualities of thermally-enhanced polymer composites: good corrosion resistance, higher thermal conductivities, higher strengths, low embodied energy and good manufacturability. The authors use several seawater cooling case studies to explore the potential water and energy savings made possible by the use of PHX technology. The results from three case studies suggest that heat exchangers made with thermally enhanced polymer composites require less energy input over their lifetime than corrosion resistant metals, which generally have much higher embodied energy than polymers and polymers composites. Also, the use of seawater can significantly reduce the use of freshwater as a coolant, given the inordinate amounts of water required for even a 1MW heat exchanger.

Evaluating the Energy Savings From Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County: Residential Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cudd ◽  
Kevin Anderson ◽  
Wael Yassine
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
Building Characteristics

Abstract Estimation of Energy Savings from Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County explores the extent to which community scale solar water heating systems, designed for residential structures in Los Angeles County and constructed from currently available technology, can displace natural gas for domestic water heating through a series of case studies. The effects of policy, urban form, and building characteristics on the performance of solar water heating systems, as well as community scale solar water heating’s potential to reduce emissions from the residential housing sector, are discussed herein. Three public and three private residential developments were selected as case studies for community scale solar water heating, with numbers of units and residents ranging from the tens to hundreds. These six cases were draw from the pool of approximately 19,000 “energy communities” in Los Angeles County, i.e. residential developments where the installation and operation of community scale solar water heating systems is broadly feasible. The six properties were also chosen to represent a cross-section housing stock and development patterns common in Los Angeles County, and different levels of suitability for solar water heating. The performance of and energy savings from solar water heating systems on each of these properties is then evaluated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model (NREL SAM). The results of the system simulations reveal how building characteristics and hot water demand affect the performance of community scale solar water heating systems. The case study sites’ system simulations show that residential developments with community scale solar water heating systems reach an average solar fraction of 50%. The results of the case studies indicate that community scale solar water heating is viable as an emissions reduction technology for the residential building sector in Mediterranean climates. However, side-by-side comparison with solar PV systems and other water heating technologies (such as grid-connected heat pumps) is necessary to determine optimality in terms of cost, emissions reduction, and thermal efficiency) in specific contexts.

Mechanical Seal Efficiency Considerations for Pumps in Utilities: Economics of Seals vs. Packing, and Savings With Best Available Seal Flush Arrangements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Smith ◽  
Alan Roddis ◽  
Heinz P. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Water Pumps

Applicable industrial standards for centrifugal pumps endorse several different sealing options as “best practice.” However, the overall acceptance of best practice techniques seems slow and is linked to the fact that sealing devices account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. Yet, regardless of perception, significant energy conservation has been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices, as this paper will show. It will highlight case studies that provide guidance on issues of increasing technical and societal concerns relating to fluid emissions. Special attention will be directed to barrier fluid circulation devices used in dual mechanical seal arrangements as described by API-682 (Ref.1), a Standard widely used in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. The applicability of these ciculation devices to the Power Industry will be explained. Comparisons of three of the most widely used conventional integral flow induction/pumping ring devices will be made and the results of extensive testing presented. The paper and presentation also quantifies the value of advanced sealing technologies for pumps and highlights configurational differences between the newer and the more traditional (older) devices. Without exception, international utilities and power producers know that both energy and maintenance expenditures are affected by availability and reliability considerations relating to power generators and their turbine drivers. But feed water pumps and cooling water issues play their part as well. Consequently, a measure of attention has been given to “other big ticket items”, such as cooling tower losses and the like. However, there is compelling evidence that additional, less prominent or less obvious opportunities exist and that these can no longer be overlooked. Pump sealing falls into that category, although sealing devices and seal cooling account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. In can be readily shown that significant energy savings have been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices. The general narrative and the implications conveyed by our case studies give visibility to the issues and provide guidance to the user.

Odour emission capacity of wastewaters - standardization of measurement method and application

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Bernd Frechen ◽  
Wulf Köster
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
New Method ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Emission Capacity

Odorous emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants can cause serious annoyance in the vicinity. Odorants which are present in a liquid phase are emitted into ambient air at the liquid-gaseous interface. The amount and the variation of emitted mass flow of odorants is significantly influenced by the amount of odorants which are present in the liquid. Up to now, however, no measurement method was available to describe this parameter, which can be called “Odorants Emission Capacity”. The paper describes a standardized method of determining the “Odorants Emission Capacity” and shows results and consequences from several case studies where this new method was applied.

Evaluation of sanitation and wastewater treatment technologies: case studies from India

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Starkl ◽  
T. A. Stenström ◽  
E. Roma ◽  
M. Phansalkar ◽  
R. K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper reports about the results of an evaluation of selected sanitation systems in India. The following sanitation systems were evaluated: septic tanks, communal Ecosan systems, biogas toilets, solid immobilized biofilters, multiple stage filtration and decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS). The evaluation has been based on an initial assessment looking at whether the systems comply with their intended benefits, and more in depth evaluations on cultural, economic and/or hygienic aspects where the initial assessment has not provided sufficient knowledge. The evaluation showed that all sanitation systems were well accepted by the users. The highest hygienic risk is present in septic tanks, where sludge handling poses a high risk for persons handling it.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of energy consumption in municipal wastewater treatment plants – a survey of over 200 plants in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2242-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaccari ◽  
P. Foladori ◽  
S. Nembrini ◽  
F. Vitali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Abstract One of the largest surveys in Europe about energy consumption in Italian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is presented, based on 241 WWTPs and a total population equivalent (PE) of more than 9,000,000 PE. The study contributes towards standardised resilient data and benchmarking and to identify potentials for energy savings. In the energy benchmark, three indicators were used: specific energy consumption expressed per population equivalents (kWh PE−1 year−1), per cubic meter (kWh/m3), and per unit of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed (kWh/kgCOD). The indicator kWh/m3, even though widely applied, resulted in a biased benchmark, because highly influenced by stormwater and infiltrations. Plants with combined networks (often used in Europe) showed an apparent better energy performance. Conversely, the indicator kWh PE−1 year−1 resulted in a more meaningful definition of a benchmark. High energy efficiency was associated with: (i) large capacity of the plant, (ii) higher COD concentration in wastewater, (iii) separate sewer systems, (iv) capacity utilisation over 80%, and (v) high organic loads, but without overloading. The 25th percentile was proposed as a benchmark for four size classes: 23 kWh PE−1 y−1 for large plants > 100,000 PE; 42 kWh PE−1 y−1 for capacity 10,000 < PE < 100,000, 48 kWh PE−1 y−1 for capacity 2,000 < PE < 10,000 and 76 kWh PE−1 y−1 for small plants < 2,000 PE.

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