The relationship between TGFβ, low oxygen and the outgrowth of extravillous trophoblasts from anchoring villi during the first trimester of pregnancy

Cytokine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prossler ◽  
Q. Chen ◽  
L. Chamley ◽  
J.L. James
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts

scholarly journals Hair cortisol levels in pregnancy as a possible determinant of fetal sex: a longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Borja Romero-Gonzalez ◽  
Jose A. Puertas-Gonzalez ◽  
Raquel Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Marta Davila ◽  
Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Stress Vulnerability ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Distress ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Stress during pregnancy has been widely studied and associated to different variables, usually with negative results for the health of the mother and the newborn, such as having a higher risk of suffering postpartum depression, premature birth, obstetrics complications or low birthweight, among others. However, there are not many lines of research that study the role that the sex of the baby plays on this specific stress and vice versa. Thus, the main objective was to analyse the relationship between the sex of the offspring and the stress of the mothers in the first trimester of pregnancy. In order to achieve this, 108 women had their biological stress measured (trough hair cortisol levels) and psychological stress evaluated (the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PSS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PDQ) and the Stress Vulnerability Inventory (IVE)). The results revealed significant differences in maternal hair cortisol levels in the first trimester based on the sex of the baby they had given birth to (t = −2.04; P < 0.05): the concentration of the hormone was higher if the baby was a girl (164.36:54.45-284.87 pg/mg) than if it was a boy (101.13:37.95-193.56 pg/mg). These findings show that the sex of the future baby could be conditioned, among many other variables, by the mother´s stress levels during conception and first weeks of pregnancy. Further research is needed in this area to support our findings.

scholarly journals Cytotrophoblast differentiation in the first trimester of pregnancy: evidence for separate progenitors of extravillous trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna L James ◽  
Peter R Stone ◽  
Lawrence W Chamley
Keyword(s):  
Ethidium Bromide ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblast ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts ◽  
Dual Staining

It is commonly accepted that a single pool of villous cytotrophoblasts are precursors of both syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblasts during the first trimester. Here we present evidence that these two trophoblast subpopulations arise from separate progenitors that have different survival characteristics when studied in villous explant cultures. Dual staining with chloromethylfluorescin diacetate and ethidium bromide revealed degeneration of the syncytiotrophoblast by non-apoptotic mechanisms within 4 h of culture. The syncytiotrophoblast had regenerated within 48 h but at this point the vast majority of the cytotrophoblast and cells of the mesenchymal core were dead. Despite this extensive cytotrophoblast death, explants are able to produce extravillous trophoblast outgrowth for up to 3 weeks in culture. We believe that the villous cytotrophoblasts in the tips of anchoring villi are resistant to the factors that cause the death of the majority of villous cytotrophoblasts in culture. We speculate that as early as 8 weeks of gestation there are two separate villous cytotrophoblast populations, one committed to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast and the second committed to the extravillous differentiation pathway

scholarly journals Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphism, Vaginal Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentrations, and Vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum Colonization in Pregnant Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parrin T. Barton ◽  
Stefan Gerber ◽  
Daniel W. Skupski ◽  
Steven S. Witkin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Uneventful Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Ureaplasma urealyticum is the microorganism most frequently isolated from amniotic fluids of women in preterm labor. The relationship between vaginal colonization with U. urealyticum, vaginal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) levels, and the IL-1ra genotype in pregnant women was examined. Vaginal specimens, obtained with a cotton swab from 207 women in their first trimester of pregnancy, were tested for IL-1ra concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for U. urealyticum and IL-1ra genotypes by PCR. U. urealyticum was detected in 85 (41.1%) women. The median IL-1ra level was 450 ng/ml in women positive for U. urealyticum, as opposed to 225 ng/ml in women negative for this microorganism (P < 0.0001). Sixty-two percent of the 16 women who were homozygous for allele 2 of the IL-1ra gene (IL-1RN*2) were colonized with U. urealyticum, as opposed to 47% of the 49 women who were IL-1RN*1/IL-1RN*2 heterozygotes and 34% of the 133 women who were IL-1RN*1 homozygotes (P < 0.05). Median IL-1ra levels were 750 ng/ml in IL-1RN*2 homozygotes, 300 ng/ml in IL-1RN*1/IL-1RN*2 heterozygotes, and 250 ng/ml in IL-1RN*1 homozygotes (P = 0.02). The vast majority of subjects had an uneventful pregnancy and delivered a healthy infant at term. The IL-1ra genotype or U. urealyticum colonization was unrelated to birth weight. Pregnant women who are colonized with U. urealyticum during the first trimester have elevated vaginal IL-1ra concentrations and a higher prevalence of the IL-1RN*2 homozygote genotype than do noncolonized women.

The association between pre-pregnancy obesity and screening results of depression for all trimesters of pregnancy, postpartum and 1 year after birth: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh ◽  
Nayyer Jafarilar-Agdam ◽  
Somayyeh Rafiee ◽  
Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjective:To determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy obesity and screening results of gestational and post-delivery depression in women referred to the health centers of Tabriz, Iran.Methods:In this cohort study, 62 and 245 pregnant women with class 2–3 obesity [body mass index (BMI)≥35 kg/m2] and normal-weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were enrolled, respectively, in the first trimester of pregnancy from December 2012 to January 2016. For matching of groups, nulliparous and multiparous mothers aged 18–35 years were selected with the ratio of 1:4 in obese and normal BMI groups from the same recruitment center and to controlling the confounder factors, inclusion criteria were considered. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was completed in five time points, the first, second, third trimester of pregnancy, 6–8 weeks and 12 months after delivery. Independentt-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests and multivariate logistic and linear regression adjusted for confounders were used. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Based on the EPDS, 12.7% of normal weight women in first, 13.5% in second, 10.2% in third trimester of pregnancy, 7.8% in 6–8 weeks of postpartum and 10.6% in 1 year after delivery screened positive for depression. This proportion was greater in class 2–3 obese women (32.3%, 33.3%, 28.8% in trimesters of pregnancy and 35.4%, 19.4% in postpartum period, respectively) (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounding factors showed that the risk of depression in the first trimester of pregnancy for class 2–3 obesity was 3.25-fold greater than normal weight group [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.68–6.28]. This risk was 3.29-fold in the second (aOR 3.29, 95% CI 1.67–6.47), 4-folds in the third trimester (aOR 4.003, 95% CI 1.84–8.70 for third), 7.5-fold in the 6–8 weeks of postpartum (aOR 7.46, 95% CI 3.30–16.89) and 1.83-fold (aOR 7.46, 95% CI 3.30–16.89) for 1 year after birth.Conclusions:Pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with probability of gestational and post-delivery depression. Therefore, training and planning to conduct required interventions to resolve obesity seem be helpful in this regard.

scholarly journals Both Low and High PAPP-A Concentrations in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Are Associated with Increased Risk of Delivery before 32 Weeks in Twin Gestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Saletra-Bielińska ◽  
Katarzyna Kosińska-Kaczyńska ◽  
Iwona Szymusik ◽  
Bartosz Kaczyński ◽  
Robert Brawura-Biskupski-Samaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

In twin gestation, the relationship between pregnancy associated plasma protein (PAPP-A) and perinatal outcome is unclear. The aim of the study was to determine if low and high concentrations of PAPP-A in the first trimester are related to perinatal outcome in twins. A retrospective study was conducted. Medical data of women in twin pregnancies who delivered between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed. PAPP-A concentrations were measured between 10 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks. The associations between low (<10th percentile) and high (>90th percentile) values of PAPP-A and pregnancy complications were analyzed. A total of 304 patients were included. PAPP-A <10th percentile was associated with a high risk of preterm delivery (OR 6.14; 95% CI 2.1–18), delivery <34 weeks (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.1–5.1) or <32 weeks (OR3.06; 95% CI 1.4–6.8). Significant relations between PAPP-A >90th percentile and delivery <34 weeks (OR4.09; 95% CI 1.8–9.1) or <32 weeks (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.2–6.6) were found. PAPP-A >90th percentile was related to high risk of intrauterine fetal demise (OR 10; 95% CI 2.4–42.5). Both low and high PAPP-A concentrations seem to be related to pregnancy outcome. Further research is needed to investigate evaluation of risk of pregnancy complications according to PAPP-A concentrations as a continuous variable.

P96 The role of a low oxygen environment on the invasion of extravillous trophoblast from first trimester of pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S68
Author(s):  
Akira Onogi ◽  
Katsuhiko Naruse ◽  
Toshiyuki Sado ◽  
Taketoshi Noguchi ◽  
Satomi Komeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblast ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Environment ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy
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