Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) of hybrid crucian carp protects intestinal barrier and enhances host immune defense against bacterial infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 104314
Author(s):  
Yiyang Tang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Zejun Zhou ◽  
Shaojun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase

CMPK2 of triploid crucian carp is involved in immune defense against bacterial infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 103924
Author(s):  
Chen Feng ◽  
Yiyang Tang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Zejun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Immune Defense

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

NOD-Like Receptors: Guardians of Intestinal Mucosal Barriers

Physiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Claes ◽  
Jun Yu Zhou ◽  
Dana J. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Gut Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors, which are critically involved in mucosal immune defense. The association of the NLR, NOD2, with inflammatory bowel disease first pointed to the NLRs potential function as guardians of the intestinal barrier. Since then, several studies have emphasized the importance of NLRs in maintaining gut homeostasis and intestinal infections, and in shaping the microbiota. In this review, we will highlight the function of NLRs in intestinal inflammation.

Identification, expression and bioactivity of Paramisgurnus dabryanus β-defensin that might be involved in immune defense against bacterial infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeyu Chen ◽  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Xinshang Zhang ◽  
Huiying Luo ◽  
Xianli Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Paramisgurnus Dabryanus

Role of copper in defending against bacterial infection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Erik Ladomersky
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Copper Proteins ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Copper is an essential nutrient. It plays an important role in development, pigmentation, neurological function, and immune defense. Copper deficiency is known to make host's more susceptible to infection. In this work we show that two copper proteins, ATP7A and ceruloplasmin, are important for host defense against bacterial infection. Studies have shown ATP7A is responsible for increasing copper concentrations inside the phagosome. Our study sheds light on the role of Atp7a and copper in adaptive immunity, and provide a biochemical model for understanding the relationship between copper malnutrition and susceptibility to infection. Iron, another essential nutrient, is linked with copper through the actions of copper-dependent proteins which play a role in maintaining normal iron levels in the blood. One of these proteins is ceruloplasmin, a protein that is also upregulated during infection. Our study sheds light onto why this protein is necessary for host defense against Salmonella infection.

Oral bacteria affect the gut microbiome and intestinal immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoki Kobayashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa ◽  
Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

ABSTRACT Recently, it has been suggested that the oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontal disease, induces dysbiosis of the mouse intestinal microbiota and affects intestinal barrier function. Since oral streptococci are the predominant oral bacterial group, we compared the effect of their oral administration on the intestinal tract compared to that of P. gingivalis. Swallowing oral bacteria caused gut dysbiosis, due to increased Bacteroides and Staphylococcus and decreased Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, oral bacterial infection caused an increase in lactate and decreases in succinate and n-butyrate contents. In the small intestine, the decrease in Th17 cells was considered to be a result of oral bacterial infection, although the population of Treg cells remained unaffected. In addition, oral bacterial challenge increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and decreased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titer in feces. These results suggest that gut dysbiosis caused by oral bacteria may cause a decrease in Th17 cells and fecal IgA levels and an increase in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.

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