Physico-chemical effect of simple alkaline and acid solutions in cleaning sequences of spiral ultrafiltration membranes fouled by skim milk

A dietary supplement containing multifunctional ingredient sources was formulated and optimized for management of diabetes. The formulated dietary supplement comprised of milk fat and groundnut oil (90:10), whey protein concentrate, skim milk powder and sodium caseinate (50:25:25) and resistant starch and maltodextrin (70:30). The feasibility of the formulated dietary supplement in terms of physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes was evaluated during storage period. The formulated supplement was found to have 4.37, 15.93, 10.15, 3.39 and 66.15 percent moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate respectively. It was observed that there was slight increase in moisture, free fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid and insolubility index while a decrease in dispersibility and sensory attributes (color and appearance, flavor, overall acceptability) during the storage period. However, the dietary supplement stored at room temperature indicated non-significant changes in all physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters throughout the storage period of 180 days. Thus, dietary supplement prepared had better acceptability for a period of six months.

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Mineralogical and physico-chemical characteristics of Cameroonian smectitic clays after treatment with weakly sulfuric acid

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2015.050.5.08 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 649-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J.R. Mache ◽

P. Signing ◽

J.A. Mbey ◽

A. Razafitianamaharavo ◽

D. Njopwouo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Acid Attack ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Dioctahedral Smectite ◽

Sulfuric Acid Solutions

AbstractSmectitic clays from the Sabga and Bana areas, western Cameroon were treated with sulfuric-acid solutions of various concentrations – 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 4.0 N – at 80°C for 2 h. The mineralogical, physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the samples treated were analysed using several techniques. The sulfuric acid caused structural modification of the dioctahedral smectite. The accessory minerals such as cristobalite, quartz, feldspars and anatase remained unaltered by the acid attack. The supernatant solutions after acid treatment contain Mg, Ca, K, Na, Si, Al and Fe as a result of partial dissolution of octahedral and tetrahedral cations. The activated clay samples exhibited a smaller cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the specific surface area (SSA) increased with increasing concentration of sulfuric acid, ranging from 65 to 134 m2/g for the sample from Bana and from 74 to 84 m2/g for the sample from Sabga. The different SSAvalues were affected by the relative abundance of smectite and cristobalite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.2 and 6.5, respectively, from Bana and Sabga). The activated clays from Bana and Sabga displayed interesting physicochemical and textural properties and can be considered as promising adsorbents for the bleaching of vegetable oils.

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