Short-term changes of mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors and milk proteins in mammary tissue during LPS-induced mastitis

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Schmitz ◽  
M.W Pfaffl ◽  
H.H.D Meyer ◽  
R.M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Short Term

Gene expression of factors related to the immune reaction in response to intramammary Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (S1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Lps Challenge

Pathogenic microorganisms invading the mammary gland induce an inflammatory reaction which includes an increase of somatic cells in milk and activation of bacteriostatic enzymes and proteins in milk. During spontaneously occurring subclinical mastitis the somatic milk cells, mainly macrophages, secrete cytokines, eicosanoids, acute phase proteins and other immunomediators. In contrast, the bacteriostatic protein lactoferrin is mainly secreted by mammary epithelial tissue, while major milk proteins like α-lactalbumin and κ-casein are down-regulated already during subclinical infection.Changes of the mRNA expression of various immunomediators in the mammary tissue of cows during 12 h after induction of mastitis via intramammary administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in several studies are reported. Six healthy lactating cows were injected in one quarter with 100 μg Escherichia coli-LPS (O26[ratio ]B6) and the contralateral quarter with saline (9 g/l) serving as control. mRNA expression in mammary biopsy samples of various inflammatory factors and milk proteins at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after LPS administration was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR.In LPS-challenged quarters tumour necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression increased to their highest values (P<0·05) at 3 h after LPS-challenge. Expression of lactoferrin, lysozyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and of the apoptotic factors caspase-3, caspase-7 and FAS was elevated (P<0·05) and peaked at 6 h after challenge. No significant increase in mRNA expression of platelet-activating factor acethylhydrolase, 5-lipoxygenase, and insulin-like growth factor 1 was found. None of the parameters tested did change significantly in the control quarters. mRNA expression of major milk proteins did not change significantly in response to the LPS challenge (αS1-casein, αS2-CN, β-CN and β-lactoglobulin) except for α-lactalbumin which decreased (P<0·05) in LPS-treated and control quarters and for κ-CN which decreased in the LPS-treated quarters. In conclusion, mRNA expression of the majority albeit not all inflammatory factors changed within hours of LPS challenge. Decreased gene expression of α-lactalbumin and κ-CN may reduce milk yield and suitability for cheese production.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

Global and targeted gene expression and protein content in skeletal muscle of young men following short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeel Safdar ◽  
Nicholas J. Yardley ◽  
Rodney Snow ◽  
Simon Melov ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Short Term

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to increase fat-free mass and muscle power output possibly via cell swelling. Little is known about the cellular response to CrM. We investigated the effect of short-term CrM supplementation on global and targeted mRNA expression and protein content in human skeletal muscle. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind design, 12 young, healthy, nonobese men were supplemented with either a placebo (PL) or CrM (loading phase, 20 g/day × 3 days; maintenance phase, 5 g/day × 7 days) for 10 days. Following a 28-day washout period, subjects were put on the alternate supplementation for 10 days. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained and were assessed for mRNA expression (cDNA microarrays + real-time PCR) and protein content (Kinetworks KPKS 1.0 Protein Kinase screen). CrM supplementation significantly increased fat-free mass, total body water, and body weight of the participants ( P < 0.05). Also, CrM supplementation significantly upregulated (1.3- to 5.0-fold) the mRNA content of genes and protein content of kinases involved in osmosensing and signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, protein and glycogen synthesis regulation, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA replication and repair, RNA transcription control, and cell survival. We are the first to report this large-scale gene expression in the skeletal muscle with short-term CrM supplementation, a response that suggests changes in cellular osmolarity.

The effect of long-term under- and overfeeding on the expression of six major milk proteins' genes in the mammary tissue of goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tsiplakou ◽  
E. Flemetakis ◽  
E.-D. Kouri ◽  
G. Karalias ◽  
K. Sotirakoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue

scholarly journals Effect of short-term inhalation of warm saline atomised gas on patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 00130-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Zhong ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Zeguang Zheng ◽  
Ni Liu ◽  
Jieying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Aerosol Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Walk Distance ◽  
Leicester Cough Questionnaire ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Secretion Clearance

ObjectiveSecretion clearance is advocated in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, but is often neglected in clinical treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of inhaled 0.9% normal saline by ultrasonic nebuliser with warming (UNW) in stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients with purulent sputum.Methods27 stable patients were enrolled in a randomised crossover trial comprising 3 months of daily UNW aerosol therapy compared with 3 months of daily oral expectorant treatment. The outcomes were quality of life (assessed via the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ)), sputum characteristics, pulmonary function, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and acute exacerbation frequency.ResultsCompared with baseline, the sputum viscosity, sputum colour, LCQ score and 6MWD were significantly improved with UNW (p<0.05), and the improvements in sputum colour, LCQ score, 6MWD and inspirational capacity with UNW were significantly better than those achieved via treatment with oral expectorant (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between treatments in pulmonary function, sputum cytology classification and inflammatory factors of sputum.ConclusionUNW aerosol therapy in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has small yet significant benefits. However, UNW does not improve the degree of inflammation.

Tetrahydrobiopterin Slows the Progression of Atherosclerosis

Pteridines ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Suzuki Kunihiro ◽  
Yoshiyuki Hattori ◽  
Teruo Jojima ◽  
Atsuko Tomizawa ◽  
Toshie Okayasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Apoe Ko Mice ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Apoe Ko

Abstract We investigated whether oral tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment might slow the progression of atherosclerosis using hypercholesterolemic ApoE-knockout (KO) mice. We report that ingesting BH4 in drinking water is effective to inhibit atherogenesis in mice. Furthermore, we report that BH4 treatment improves endothelial dysfunction and attenuates increased mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase components, as well as a number of inflammatory factors, such as LOX-1 and MCP-1, in the aortas of ApoE-KO mice. Strategies such as oral administration of BH4 to ensure continuous BH4 availability may be effective in restoring NO-mediated endothelial function and limiting vascular disease and the progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Post-treatment curcumin reduced ischemia–reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury via the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006051989243
Author(s):  
HaiZou bo ◽  
XiaoSun feng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Injury ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tnf Α

Objective To investigate the influence of curcumin on the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway after pulmonary injury induction via limb ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30 each): sham, I/R, curcumin post-treatment (I/R+Cur), and inhibitor (I/R+DAPT). Hind-limb ischemia was induced for 4 hours, followed by reperfusion for 4 hours. After ischemia, curcumin (200 mg/kg) or DAPT (0.5 µm) was injected intraperitoneally in the I/R+Cur or I/R+DAPT group, respectively. PaO2 was examined after 4 hours of reperfusion. Pathological changes in the lung and the apoptotic index (AI) were examined. Lung malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β levels, the wet/dry (W/D) ratio, semi-quantitative score of lung injury (SSLI), and Notch2 protein and Hes-1 mRNA expression were also examined. Results In the I/R group, inflammatory changes were observed, AI increased, and MDA, SSLI, W/D, TNF-α, IL-1β, Notch2, and Hes1-mRNA expression increased, while PaO2 decreased compared with the Sham group. Pathological changes in the I/R+Cur group were reversed. All indexes in the I/R+DAPT and I/R+Cur group were similar. Conclusion Curcumin post-treatment reduced I/R-induced lung injury in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch2/Hes-1 signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory factors.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent immune response in milk cells and mammary tissue after intramammary administration of lipopolysaccharide in dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Werner-Misof ◽  
M.W. Pfaffl ◽  
R.M. Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cox 2

The immune response in milk cells and the status of mammary tight junctions (TJ) in response to intramammary (IM) infusion of different doses of <i>Escherichia col</i>i lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. <i>Experiment I</i>: Seven German Braunvieh cows were IM infused into one quarter with 1 &mu;g (LPS-1) and 3 &mu;g (LPS-3) of LPS, respectively, and the contralateral control quarter with saline (9 g/l; C). Milk samples were taken immediately before and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 84 and 108 h after infusion and analysed for somatic cell counts (SCC), lactose, sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions, and electrical conductivity (EC). Milk cell mRNA expression of various inflammatory factors was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Blood samples were taken immediately after milking for the analysis of leukocytes (WBC), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), Na and Cl. Milk SCC, lactose, Na, Cl and EC did not differ significantly between LPS-1 and C quarters after the challenge. In LPS-3 quarters SCC levels increased within the first 12 h, reached peak levels between 12 and 36 h (<i>P</i> &le; 0.001) and decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) thereafter to reach baseline at 108 hours. Lactose in LPS-3 quarters decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) to a minimum at 24 h and increased slightly thereafter while EC, Na, and Cl increased transiently in response to LPS-3. WBC and PMN levels in both groups decreased numerically within 24 h after LPS administration. In LPS-1, WBC at 24, 48 and 108 h were significantly lower whereas in LPS-3 they were significantly higher than at time 0. TNF&alpha;-mRNA expression in both groups did not change in response to IM LPS-challenge. IL-1&beta;-mRNA expression at 12, 24 and 36 h in LPS-1 quarters increased significantly as compared to time 0. In LPS-3 quarters the mRNA expression values of all tested ILs increased significantly as compared to time 0 within 12 h after LPS-challenge. IL-1&beta;-mRNA expression decreased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) at 48 and 84 h in LPS quarters. IL-8 mRNA was significantly decreased at 84 h after challenge in LPS-3 quarters. COX-2-mRNA expression in LPS-1 quarters decreased significantly as compared to time 0 at 48, 84 and 108 h, with a minimum at 84 h (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05). In LPS-3 quarters COX-2-mRNA levels increased (<i>P</i> &le; 0.05) within 48 h after the LPS-challenge. <i>Experiment II</i>: Six cows (5 German Braunvieh, 1 Brown Swiss) were injected in one quarter with 100 &mu;g LPS and in the contralateral quarter with saline (9 g/l; C). Mammary biopsy samples of both quarters were taken immediately before and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after infusion and mRNA expression of TJ proteins occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens (ZO-) 1, 2 and 3 were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. OCLN-mRNA expression did not change in response to the IM infusion while that of ZO-1, ZO-2 and ZO-3 decreased significantly within six hours. In conclusion, a dose of 1 &mu;g LPS did not initiate a immune response in the mammary gland. Furthermore the dose of 100 &mu;g of LPS enhanced TJ permeability by reducing TJ plaque proteins density.

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