Anxiety disorders as a risk factor for needle sharing among cocaine users: Results from the cosmo study

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

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Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative translational neuroscience framework

10.31234/osf.io/t64av ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Juyoen Hur ◽

Melissa D. Stockbridge ◽

Andrew S. Fox ◽

Alexander J. Shackman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Executive Control ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Attentional Biases ◽

Translational Neuroscience ◽

Adult Personality ◽

Fundamental Dimension ◽

To Come ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the underlying mechanisms have only recently begun to come into focus. Here, we review new insights into the nature and biological bases of dispositional negativity, a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and a prominent risk factor for the development of pediatric and adult anxiety disorders. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurobiological, and mechanistic evidence suggest that dispositional negativity increases the likelihood of psychopathology via specific neurocognitive mechanisms, including attentional biases to threat and deficits in executive control. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative translational framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

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Substance-induced psychosis as a risk factor for unipolar depression or anxiety disorders: A nationwide register-based prospective cohort study

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carsten Hjorthøj ◽

Benjamin Arnfred ◽

Silke Behrendt ◽

Stine Bjerrum Møller ◽

Merete Nordentoft

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Unipolar Depression

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Childhood adversity as a risk factor for the early onset and chronicity of depression and anxiety disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.118 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S32

Author(s):

J. Angst ◽

A. Gamma ◽

V. Ajdacic-Gross ◽

W. Roessler

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Early Onset ◽

Childhood Adversity ◽

Depression And Anxiety

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Anxiety disorders as a risk factor for sleep disorders and headaches

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im S S Korsakova ◽

10.17116/jnevro2021121021131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

M.I. Koreshkina

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Sleep Disorders

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Triggers for Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Anxiety

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/1208505 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paolo Severino ◽

Marco Valerio Mariani ◽

Annalisa Maraone ◽

Agostino Piro ◽

Andrea Ceccacci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Valvular Heart Diseases ◽

Arrhythmogenic Substrate ◽

Clinical Strategies

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most widely recognized arrhythmia. Systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart failure, and valvular heart diseases are major risk factors for the onset and progression of AF. Various studies have emphasized the augmented anxiety rate among AF patients due to the poor quality of life; however, little information is known about the possibility of triggering atrial fibrillation by anxiety. The present review sought to underline the possible pathophysiological association between AF and anxiety disorders and suggests that anxiety can be an independent risk factor for AF, acting as a trigger, creating an arrhythmogenic substrate, and modulating the autonomic nervous system. The awareness of the role of anxiety disorders as a risk factor for AF may lead to the development of new clinical strategies for the management of AF.

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Explaining why childhood abuse is a risk factor for poorer clinical course in bipolar disorder: a path analysis of 923 people with bipolar I disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719002411 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (14) ◽

pp. 2346-2354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven Marwaha ◽

Paul M. Briley ◽

Amy Perry ◽

Phillip Rankin ◽

Arianna DiFlorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Childhood Abuse ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Rapid Cycling ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Affective Instability

AbstractBackgroundChildhood abuse is a risk factor for poorer illness course in bipolar disorder, but the reasons why are unclear. Trait-like features such as affective instability and impulsivity could be part of the explanation. We aimed to examine whether childhood abuse was associated with clinical features of bipolar disorder, and whether associations were mediated by affective instability or impulsivity.MethodsWe analysed data from 923 people with bipolar I disorder recruited by the Bipolar Disorder Research Network. Adjusted associations between childhood abuse, affective instability and impulsivity and eight clinical variables were analysed. A path analysis examined the direct and indirect links between childhood abuse and clinical features with affective instability and impulsivity as mediators.ResultsAffective instability significantly mediated the association between childhood abuse and earlier age of onset [effect estimate (θ)/standard error (SE): 2.49], number of depressive (θ/SE: 2.08) and manic episodes/illness year (θ/SE: 1.32), anxiety disorders (θ/SE: 1.98) and rapid cycling (θ/SE: 2.25). Impulsivity significantly mediated the association between childhood abuse and manic episodes/illness year (θ/SE: 1.79), anxiety disorders (θ/SE: 1.59), rapid cycling (θ/SE: 1.809), suicidal behaviour (θ/SE: 2.12) and substance misuse (θ/SE: 3.09). Measures of path analysis fit indicated an excellent fit to the data.ConclusionsAffective instability and impulsivity are likely part of the mechanism of why childhood abuse increases risk of poorer clinical course in bipolar disorder, with each showing some selectivity in pathways. They are potential novel targets for intervention to improve outcome in bipolar disorder.

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