Are economic crises age and gender neutral? Evidence from European Union mortality data

This article focuses on doctors and suicide. It provides real examples to illustrate why doctors die by their own hand. These reasons are replicated in the general population, but also include a host of additional risk factors related to being a doctor. In each case, information about the doctor is in the public domain or, as in one case, consent from the next of kin has been obtained for a detail not in the public domain. The author is a doctors' doctor, heading up a confidential health service for doctors with mental illness or addiction, the National Health Service Practitioner Health Programme. Mortality data from the programme (January 2008–January 2017) will also be included. For the sake of confidentiality, data is collated and details regarding age and gender have been approximated.Declaration of interestNone.

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Do Loneliness and Social Isolation Predict Mortality Because of Hazardous Drinking?

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2021.40.6.508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 508-533

Author(s):

Jussi Tanskanen ◽

Sarah Arpin ◽

Cynthia Mohr

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Health And Mortality ◽

Excess Alcohol Consumption

Introduction: Subjective feelings of loneliness and objective social isolation have been consistently connected with ill-health and mortality, though little work has empirically examined the mechanisms explaining the adverse effects. This study examines whether alcohol consumption explains the connection of loneliness and social isolation on mortality in different age and gender groups. Methods: The sample comprised a representative 1994 Finnish sample (n = 8,650) matched with 22-year follow-up mortality data. A multigroup path analysis with discrete survival time analyses was conducted. Results: There were unique differences in the associations between loneliness, social isolation, alcohol consumption, and mortality based on age and gender groups. Loneliness and particularly social isolation predicted mortality partly through subjective intoxication for women under 40 and men 40–65. Discussion: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with mortality, partly through subjective intoxication. Interventions targeted at reducing loneliness and social isolation may help address underlying causes of excess alcohol consumption and mortality.

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Suicide and Undetermined Deaths Among Youths and Young Adults in Latin America

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.29.3.145 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Colin Pritchard ◽

Sarah Hean

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Latin American ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Death Rates ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cultural Attitudes ◽

And Gender ◽

Methods Of Suicide

In Latin American (LA) and the major developed countries (MDC) suicide and undetermined deaths are analyzed as methods of suicide and the number of undetermined deaths are similar, possibly containing hidden suicides. The goal was to test the likelihood that LA cultural attitudes lead to higher undetermined rates and more hidden suicides. We used 3-year WHO average mortality data to compare LA and MDC mortality by age and gender, and χ² tests to examine any differences. In 13 LA countries younger-aged (15–34) men and womens suicides were higher than all-age rates, and undetermined deaths exceeded the suicide rates. Nine LA countries had significantly more undetermined younger-aged male deaths than females. Sixteen of 18 LA countries had significantly higher undetermined death rates than the MDC. LA younger-aged malefs24 146s differential suicide: Undetermined rates indicated they may contain substantial numbers of hidden suicides. Inadvertently, cultural attitudes to suicide may hinder prevention.

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Racist Crime Reported to the Police in Finland

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice ◽

10.1163/15718174-22012039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-78

Author(s):

I. Sahramäki ◽

J. Niemi ◽

J. Kääriäinen

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Lower Number ◽

Crime Reporting ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Victimization Survey ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

It is estimated that one third of racist harassment incidents is reported in Finland. The percentage of all racist crimes reported to the police is presumably significantly lower. Even though crime reporting in general has been studied, there is fairly little research done on crime reporting of minorities. In this paper register-based data retrieved from the official Finnish police registers is compared with European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey. The variables examined are age and gender of the victim and relationship between the victim and offender. Based on the data available the impact of these characteristics to exposure of racist crimes is examined by comparing the main differences between Somali and Russian minorities. The results indicate that only small part of the racist incidents is reported to the police in both minority groups and that lower number of racist crimes is actually reported to the police than victims describe in the victimization survey.

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Length of life, health and attitudes in the European Union

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie2015120040542 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 120 (4) ◽

pp. 542-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jitka Rychtaříková

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Young People ◽

Good Health ◽

The European Union ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Regression Modelling ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Communist Countries ◽

Length Of Life

The contribution addresses three fields of investigation: mortality, health, and attitudes in the countries of EU28, Norway and Iceland. The data of EUROSTAT and EUROBAROMETER 378 were analyzed. In 2011, life expectancy at the age of 65 was shorter in post-Communist countries and there was also a smaller share of years lived in self-perceived good health. Two-level regression modelling has shown that the higher the age, the lower the satisfaction with health and with life. Higher-educated people and those living in a partnership are generally happier than the rest. Compared with other age and gender groups, young people and men perceive someone as old much sooner. Pessimistic attitudes are, to a smaller extent, intensified by living in former Communist countries.

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Cardiovascular risk profiles and 20-year mortality in older people: gender differences in the Pro.V.A. study

European Journal of Ageing ◽

10.1007/s10433-021-00620-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caterina Trevisan ◽

Giulia Capodaglio ◽

Eliana Ferroni ◽

Ugo Fedeli ◽

Marianna Noale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Older People ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Very High ◽

Cvd Mortality

AbstractThe age- and gender-related cardio-metabolic changes may limit the applicability of guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older people. We investigated the association of cardiovascular risk profile with 20-year all-cause and CVD-mortality in older adults, focusing on age- and gender-specific differences. This prospective study involved 2895 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years who participated in the Pro.V.A study. The sum of achieved target levels (smoking, diet, physical activity, body weight, blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes) recommended by the European Society of Cardiology 2016 guidelines was assessed in each participant. From this sum, cardiovascular risk profile was categorised as very high (0–2), high (3), medium (4), low (5), and very low (6–7 target levels achieved). All-cause and CV mortality data over 20 years were obtained from health registers. At Cox regression, lower cardiovascular risk profile was associated with reduced 20-year all-cause mortality in both genders, with stronger results for women (HR = 0.42 [95%CI:0.25–0.69] and HR = 0.61 [95%CI:0.42–0.89] for very low vs. very high cardiovascular risk profile in women and men, respectively). This trend was more marked for CVD mortality. Lower cardiovascular risk profile was associated with reduced all-cause and CVD mortality only in men < 75 years, while the associations persisted in the oldest old women. A lower cardiovascular risk profile, as defined by current guidelines, may reduce all-cause and CVD mortality in older people, with stronger and longer benefits in women. These findings suggest that personalised and life-course approaches considering gender and age differences may improve the delivery of preventive actions in older people.

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Professional Titles for Women Seafarers in the Croatian and Montenegrin Media

Transactions on Maritime Science ◽

10.7225/toms.v09.n02.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Milena Dževerdanović Pejović

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Public Discourse ◽

English Language ◽

Social Changes ◽

The European Union ◽

Gender Neutral ◽

Professional Titles ◽

The Republic ◽

And Gender

This paper aims to present a comparative view of the English and Croatian female maritime ranks aboard ship in the language of media. Regarding the English language, male/masculine forms have also been normative and gender-neutral; in other words, they refer to both genders (pilot, lawyer, captain). However, changes in the society and “embarkation” of women on board masculine professions have been reflected in language changes as well. The female professional titles are derived from the masculine forms. Social changes and gender awareness politics simultaneously took place in both countries, resulting in the rise of women seafarer number on board ships. This paper presents a review of the comparative analysis of Montenegrin and Croatian texts. The results show that Croatian media use the female titles more frequently and regularly, while in Montenegrin texts their use is somewhat sporadic. The reasons for this are also found in the ethnical picture of the two countries. Montenegrin society still rests on patriarchal values and the authors of the texts prefer using masculine forms as gender-neutral. What is more, the Republic of Croatia accessed the European Union in 2013, and it was undoubtedly required to implement institutional regulations relating to minimizing gender discrimination in the society and public discourse. Finally, it was concluded that linguists and language planners have to differentiate between justified and non-justified use of female forms as they can assume the pejorative meaning.

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Monitoring the Covid-19 epidemics in Italy from mortality data

10.1101/2020.05.07.20092775 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniele del Re ◽

Paolo Meridiani

Keyword(s):

Time Profile ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Large Excess ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Age And Gender ◽

The Status ◽

And Gender

AbstractThe mortality data can be used as an alternative source to monitor the status of Covid-19. We have studied a dataset including deaths up to the fourth week of April. There is a large excess, more pronounced at the beginning of the pandemic, showing a difference in age and gender compared to the Covid-19-confirmed cases. The study indicates that mortality information can be used to provide a less biased time profile of the pandemic.

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