Winter wheat cultivars and nitrogen (N) fertilization—Effects on root growth, N uptake efficiency and N use efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Skovby Rasmussen ◽  
Dorte Bodin Dresbøll ◽  
Kristian Thorup-Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilization Effects ◽  
N Use

scholarly journals Temporal and Organ-specific Responses in NUE Traits to N Fertilization, Fungicide Intensity and Early Sowing in Winter Wheat Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Prey ◽  
Moritz Germer ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Fungicide intensity and sowing time influence the N use efficiency (NUE) of winter wheat but the underlying mechanisms, interactions of plant traits, and the temporal effects are not sufficiently understood. Therefore, organ-specific responses in NUE traits to fungicide intensity and earlier sowing were compared at two nitrogen (N) levels for six winter wheat cultivars in 2017. Plants were sampled at anthesis and at maturity and separated into chaff, grain, culms, and three leaf layers to assess their temporal contribution to aboveground dry matter (DM) and N uptake (Nup). Compared to the control treatment, across cultivars, the treatment without fungicide mostly exerted stronger and inverse effects than early sowing, on grain yield (GY, −12% without fungicide, +8% n.s. for early sowing), grain Nup (GNup, −9% n.s., +5% n.s.) as well as on grain N concentration (+4%, −2% n.s.). Grain yield in the treatment without fungicide was associated with similar total DM, as observed in the control treatment but with lower values in harvest index, thousand kernel weight, N use efficiency for GY (NUE) and N utilization efficiency. Lower GNup was associated with similar vegetative N uptake but lower values in N translocation efficiency and N harvest index. In contrast, early sowing tended to increase total DM at anthesis and maturity as well as post-anthesis assimilation, at similar harvest index and increased the number of grains per spike and total N use efficiency. Total N uptake increased after the winter season but was similar at anthesis. Although the relative N response in many traits was lower without fungicide, few fungicide x interactions were significant, and the sowing date did not interact either with N fertilization for any of the N and DM traits. The results demonstrate the positive effects of fungicides and earlier sowing on various traits related to yield formation and the efficient use of nitrogen and are discussed based on various concepts.

Yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of winter wheat and winter barley grown in different cropping systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SIELING ◽  
H. SCHRÖDER ◽  
M. FINCK ◽  
H. HANUS
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Increasing the efficiency with which crops use supplied nitrogen (N) can minimize the impact on the environment. In the growing seasons 1990/91 to 1992/93, the effects of different cropping systems on yield, N uptake by the grain and apparent N-use efficiency (NUE) of the grain of winter wheat and winter barley were investigated in a factorial field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel in NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape–winter wheat–winter barley, and soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage), application of pig slurry (none, autumn, spring, autumn+spring), mineral N fertilization (0–240 kg N ha−1) and application of fungicides (none, applications against pathogens of the stems, leaves and ears) were all varied. Each year, the treatments were applied to all three crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots.Averaged over all factors, wheat yield was >7 t ha−1 dry matter in all years and N uptake of the harvested grain varied between 140 and 168 kg N ha−1. Pig slurry application in autumn increased grain yield and N uptake more than spring slurry in two out of three years. Mineral N unfertilized wheat yielded only 5·3–6·3 t ha−1 depending on the year, mineral N fertilization increased wheat yield up to 8 t ha−1. Barley yield was lower than wheat yield, ranging from 4·5 t ha−1 in 1993 to 6·3 t ha−1 in 1992. Unlike wheat, spring slurry N affected barley yield and N uptake more than autumn slurry.Wheat apparently utilized 12–21% and barley up to 13% of the applied slurry N for its grain development. In 1991, the highest apparent slurry N-use efficiency (SNUE) of wheat and barley occurred after the late spring slurry application. However, in the following years, autumn SNUE of wheat was similar to (1992) or higher than (1993) spring SNUE, presumably because of vigorous tiller growth before winter. Additionally applied mineral fertilizer N decreased SNUE.Apparent mineral fertilizer N-use efficiency (FNUE) was higher than SNUE and ranged in wheat from 40 to 59% and in barley between 19 and 37% of the applied mineral fertilizer N. FNUE decreased with increasing N fertilization.To improve the N-use efficiency of both slurry N and mineral fertilizer N, more information is needed about the combined use of both N sources, with special emphasis on split applications of slurry as is common practice for mineral N fertilizer.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Urea-N Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea mays) Cultivation on Acid Soils Amended with Zeolite and TSP

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osumanu H. Ahmed ◽  
Aminuddin Hussin ◽  
Husni M. H. Ahmad ◽  
Anuar A. Rahim ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Ammonia loss significantly reduces the urea-N use efficiency in crop production. Efforts to reduce this problem are mostly laboratory oriented. This paper reports the effects of urea amended with triple superphosphate (TSP) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on soil pH, nitrate, exchangeable ammonium, dry matter production, N uptake, fresh cob production, and urea-N uptake efficiency in maize (Zea mays) cultivation on an acid soil in actual field conditions. Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatments and urea only (urea without additives) did not have long-term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate. Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop). All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop. In terms of urea-N uptake in the leaf and stem tissues of Swan, only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop. Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different. However, all the treatments with additives improved urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment. This suggests that urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.

scholarly journals Potassium Uptake, Physiological and Molecular Responses in Different Winter Wheat Cultivars under Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 937-944
Author(s):  
Xinyang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low K

Improving potassium (K) use efficiency (KUE) is beneficial for the sustainable production of cereal crops. In this study, the effects of K input level on its uptake and agronomic trait of the winter wheat under deficit irrigation were investigated in K deprivation responses, using two cultivars contrasting (low-K tolerant cultivar Kenong 9204 and K deprivation sensitive one Jimai 120). Under sufficient-K treatment (K180, SK), the two cultivars showed similar K contents, and K accumulation, biomass, photosynthetic parameters in upper expanded leaves, including yield components. Under deficient-K (K60, DK) condition, both cultivars showed varied behaviors of the K-associated traits, physiological parameters, growth and agronomic traits; however, better response was observed in Kenong 9204 than Jimai 120. These results suggested the essential roles of low-K tolerant cultivars under the K-saving management together with deficit irrigation. Two genes of the potassium transporter (HAK) family, TaHAK3 and TaHAK5, showed expression of significantly upregulated upon K deprivation, with much more transcripts shown in the K-deprived Kenong 9204 plants than Jimai 120 ones. Transgene analysis on the HAK genes validated their positive roles in modulating the K accumulation and biomass production of plants under low-K condition. These results indicated that distinct HAK family genes are transcriptionally regulated underlying K deprivation signaling and contribute to plant K uptake and biomass production under low-K conditions. This study suggested the drastically genetic variation on K uptake and biomass production across winter wheat cultivars treated by K- and water-saving conditions, associated with transcription efficiency of the distinct HAK genes which modulate K uptake, growth and development of plants. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Grain yield and water use efficiency of two types of winter wheat cultivars under different water regimes

2011 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baodi Dong ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Changhai Shi ◽  
Yunzhou Qiao ◽  
Mengyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

Does a mixture of old and modern winter wheat cultivars increase yield and water use efficiency in water-limited environments?

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fang ◽  
Bingcheng Xu ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Yanjie Gu ◽  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of Fluoride on Germination, Early Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Three Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6971
Author(s):  
Justyna Pelc ◽  
Martyna Śnioszek ◽  
Jacek Wróbel ◽  
Arkadiusz Telesiński
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Impact

This paper assesses the impact of sodium fluoride on the morphological parameters and activity of catalase and peroxidase during the germination and root growth phases of three winter wheat cultivars: Tobak, Dalewar, and Arkadia. During examination, the seeds were placed on plastic Petri dishes with an NaF solution at concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 8.0, and 10.0 mmol dm−3. The obtained results have shown a decrease in germination, inhibition of root growth, and inhibition of catalase activity, both in the embryos and roots of all tested winter wheat cultivars. The observed effects have been strengthened with the increase of the fluoride concentration. However, the effect of NaF on the peroxidase activity has been dependent on the wheat cultivar. It is difficult to state unequivocally which of the tested winter wheat cultivars has been characterized by the highest sensitivity to fluoride. An η2 analysis has confirmed that the NaF concentration has a greater effect than the winter wheat cultivar on the activity of the determined antioxidant enzymes.

Quality responses of winter wheat cultivars to nitrogen and fungicide applications in Croatia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Varga ◽  
Z. Svečnjak ◽  
Z. Jurković ◽  
M. Pospišil
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars may differ in grain quality responses to nitrogen (N) and fungicide applications, the two most important management inputs in the temperate climates of Europe. Limited information is available on N and fungicide effects on wheat quality in Croatia, where the wheat crop is widely grown under low N inputs without fungicide application. Field experiments were conducted during three years to evaluate the effects of fungicide (tebuconazol applied around heading) and two N fertilization rates on the grain quality of six widely grown winter wheat cultivars. Most cultivars failed to achieve the minimum breadmaking standards at a low N rate because of low protein content (103 g kg −1 ), Zeleny sedimentation (22.2 cm 3 ) and wet gluten (201 g kg −1 ). High N fertilization significantly increased these quality traits in all cultivars (an average of 21% for grain protein, 58% for Zeleny sedimentation and 40% for wet gluten). However, some cultivars with low genetic potential for accumulating grain protein failed to reach the breadmaking quality even at a high N rate when the N availability in the soil was limited by drought. Significant cultivar × N interactions existed for all grain quality traits, but were mainly associated with differences in the magnitude of the responses and less with the ranks. Five cultivars consistently showed increased falling number as the N rate rose, but these cultivar-specific responses to N fertilization were of much lesser magnitude than those across years. Fungicide application showed no effect on grain protein. Zeleny sedimentation, wet gluten or gluten index in all six cultivars tested, whereas one cultivar consistently showed decreased falling number after fungicide use. Only the hectolitre weights increased following fungicide application, especially for disease-susceptible cultivars at the high N rate. Thus, high N fertilization resulted in cultivar-dependent increases in protein content, Zeleny sedimentation, wet gluten and falling number, whereas fungicide application had no effect on grain quality except improved hectolitre weights.

Mineral and slurry nitrogen effects on yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SIELING ◽  
H. SCHRÖDER ◽  
H. HANUS
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

In NW Europe, autumn-grown oilseed rape normally receives nitrogen (N) in autumn as seedbed N and in the spring as a split application at the beginning of growth and at stem elongation. In the growing seasons 1990/91 to 1992/93, the effects of slurry and mineral N fertilization on yield, N uptake by the seed and apparent N-use efficiency (NUE) by oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were investigated in a factorial field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel, NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape–winter wheat–winter barley, and soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage), application of pig slurry (none, autumn, spring, autumn+spring) and mineral N fertilization (0 to 200 kg N ha−1) were all varied. Each year, the treatments were applied to all three crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots.Between the years, average seed yield ranged from 3·04 to 3·78 t ha−1, while the corresponding N uptake by the seed varied from 107 to 131 kg N ha−1. Slurry application in spring increased the seed yield and N uptake by the seed in all years, whereas the effect of autumn slurry alone or in combination with spring slurry was negligible. Mineral N fertilizer increased seed yield and N uptake by the seeds except in 1991/92, when N amounts exceeded 160 kg N ha−1. No significant slurry×mineral N interaction occurred. Apparent NUE of mineral N was larger than that of slurry N, but decreased with increasing mineral fertilizer N rates. Only 5% of the autumn slurry N was apparently utilized by the seeds, compared with 24% of the spring slurry N.Despite its ability to take up substantial quantities of N before the winter, oilseed rape utilized very little autumn slurry N for seed production. To minimize environmental impacts, slurry should be applied in the spring, when plants are more able to use N for yield formation, even if NUE of slurry N is lower than that of mineral N. However, since NUE changes with the amount of applied N, it is difficult to find the best combination of slurry and mineral N fertilization to avoid negative environmental effects.

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