Dynamic measurements of total hepatic blood flow with Phase Contrast MRI

Data regarding the afferent circulation of the liver in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma are controversial, we have carried out measurement of hepatic arterial and portal venous flow intraoperatively by transit time ultrasonic volume flowmetry. In patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma the hepatic artery flow increased to 0.55±0.211 compared with the control value of 0.37±0.102 1/min. (p<0.01). The portal venous flow decreased from 0.61±0.212 l/min, to 0.47±l/min. p<0.01). Due to the opposite changes in the afferent circulation the total hepatic blood flow did not change significantly, compared with controls.The ratio of hepatic arterial flow to portal vein flow increased to 1.239±0.246 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is double of the control value (0.66±0.259 l/min). After resection this ratio did not change.The resection did not alter hepatic artery or portal venous flow significantly, although the total hepatic blood flow decreased significantly (p<0.01).On the basis of our early results it is possible that the ratio of the two circulations may be to deel measured with doppler ultrasound and provide diagnostic information.

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General anesthesia and hepatic circulation

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y87-276 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 1762-1779 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Simon Gelman

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Hepatic Blood Flow ◽

Portal Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Hepatic Circulation ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Total Hepatic Blood Flow ◽

Circulatory Disturbances

This article describes hepatic circulatory disturbances associated with anesthesia and surgical intervention. The material is presented in three parts: part 1 describes the effects of general anesthetics on the hepatic circulation; part 2 deals with different factors related to surgical procedures and anesthesia; and part 3 analyzes the role of hepatic circulatory disturbances and hepatic oxygen deprivation in anesthesia-induced hepatotoxicity. The analysis of available data suggests that general anesthesia affects the splanchnic and hepatic circulation in various directions and to different degrees. The majority of anesthetics decreases portal blood flow in association with a decrease in cardiac output. However, hepatic arterial blood flow can be preserved, decreased, or increased. The increase in hepatic arterial blood flow, when it occurs, is usually not enough to compensate for a decrease in portal blood flow and therefore total hepatic blood flow is usually decreased during anesthesia. This decrease in total hepatic blood flow-has certain pharmacokinetic implications, namely a decrease in clearance of endogenous and exogenous substances with a high hepatic extraction ratio. On the other hand, a reduction in the hepatic oxygen supply might play a certain role in liver dysfunction occurring perioperatively. Surgical procedures–preparations combined with anesthesia have a very complex effect on the splanchnic and hepatic circulation. Within this complex, the surgical procedure–preparation plays the main role in developing circulatory disturbances, while anesthesia plays only a modifying role. Hepatic oxygen deprivation may play an important role in anesthesia-induced hepatotoxicity in different experimental models.

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Hepatic venular resistance responses to norepinephrine, isoproterenol, adenosine, histamine, and ACh in rabbits

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1998.274.3.h777 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (3) ◽

pp. H777-H785 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carl F. Rothe ◽

Roberto Maass-Moreno

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Hepatic Blood Flow ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Liver Volume ◽

Liver Lobe ◽

Inferior Vena Caval ◽

Total Hepatic Blood Flow ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Increased Blood Flow

Changes in hepatic venous resistance were estimated in rabbits from the hepatic venular-inferior vena caval pressure gradient [servo-null micropipettes in 49 ± 15 (SD) μm vessels] and the total hepatic blood flow (ultrasound probe encircling the hepatic artery and the portal vein). Changes in liver volume, and thus vascular capacitance, were estimated from measures of the liver lobe thickness. Norepinephrine (NE), isoproterenol (Iso), adenosine (Ado), histamine (Hist), or acetylcholine (ACh) was infused into the portal vein at a constant rate for 5 min. NE, Hist, and Ado increased hepatic venular pressure, but only NE and Hist significantly increased hepatic venular resistance. NE reduced the liver thickness, but Hist and Ado caused engorgement. Hepatic blood flow was increased by NE and Ado and decreased by ACh. The influence of intraportal vein infusion of Iso on the liver vasculature, at doses similar to that of NE, was insignificant. We conclude that NE acted on all the hepatic microvasculature, increasing resistance and actively decreasing vascular volume. Hist passively induced engorgement by increasing outflow resistance, whereas the liver engorgement seen with Ado was passively related to the increased blood flow. ACh constricted the portal venules but did not change the liver volume.

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Assessment of fluctuating velocities in disturbed cardiovascular blood flow: In vivo feasibility of generalized phase-contrast MRI

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.21475 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 655-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Petter Dyverfeldt ◽

John-Peder Escobar Kvitting ◽

Andreas Sigfridsson ◽

Jan Engvall ◽

Ann F. Bolger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Mri ◽

Cardiovascular Blood Flow

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Automatic and Reproducible Positioning of Phase-Contrast MRI for the Quantification of Global Cerebral Blood Flow

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0095721 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e95721 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peiying Liu ◽

Hanzhang Lu ◽

Francesca M. Filbey ◽

Amy E. Pinkham ◽

Carrie J. McAdams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Mri ◽

Global Cerebral Blood Flow

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Optimized analysis of blood flow and wall shear stress in the common carotid artery of rat model by phase-contrast MRI

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-017-05606-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shin-Lei Peng ◽

Cheng-Ting Shih ◽

Chiun-Wei Huang ◽

Shao-Chieh Chiu ◽

Wu-Chung Shen

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Wall Shear Stress ◽

Rat Model ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Phase Contrast Mri ◽

The Common ◽

Wall Shear

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Effects of short-term exposure to head-down tilt on cerebral hemodynamics: a prospective evaluation of a spaceflight analog using phase-contrast MRI

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00841.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 120 (12) ◽

pp. 1466-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karina Marshall-Goebel ◽

Khalid Ambarki ◽

Anders Eklund ◽

Jan Malm ◽

Edwin Mulder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Phase Contrast Mri ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Short Term Exposure

Alterations in cerebral hemodynamics in microgravity are hypothesized to occur during spaceflight and could be linked to the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure syndrome. Head-down tilt (HDT) is frequently used as a ground-based analog to simulate cephalad fluid shifts in microgravity; however, its effects on cerebral hemodynamics have not been well studied with MRI techniques. Here, we evaluate the effects of 1) various HDT angles on cerebral arterial and venous hemodynamics; and 2) exposure to 1% CO2 during an intermediate HDT angle (−12°) as an additional space-related environmental factor. Blood flow, cross-sectional area (CSA), and blood flow velocity were measured with phase-contrast MRI in the internal jugular veins, as well as the vertebral and internal carotid arteries. Nine healthy male subjects were measured at baseline (supine, 0°) and after 4.5 h of HDT at −6°, −12° (with and without 1% CO2), and −18°. We found a decrease in total arterial blood flow from baseline during all angles of HDT. On the venous side, CSA increased with HDT, and outflow decreased during −12° HDT ( P = 0.039). Moreover, the addition of 1% CO2 to −12° HDT caused an increase in total arterial blood flow ( P = 0.016) and jugular venous outflow ( P < 0.001) compared with −12° HDT with ambient atmosphere. Overall, the results indicate decreased cerebral blood flow during HDT, which may have implications for microgravity-induced cerebral hemodynamic changes.

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