scholarly journals Hydrological effects of forest plantation clear-cut on water availability: Consequences for downstream water users

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Gabrielle Garcia ◽  
Luiz Felippe Salemi ◽  
Walter de Paula Lima ◽  
Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Hydrological Effects

scholarly journals Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisah Shamsuddin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Shoji Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hopea Odorata ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted on the impact of forest clearance on discharge from newly established Hopea odorata plantations catchment (14.4 ha). The stands were two years old when this study commenced in year 2006 and the data collection was carried out for two years. The forested catchment (C3) was clear-cut during the preparation of the forest plantation and catchment C1 was left undisturbed. Discharge and rainfall were measured continuously for two years. The discharge measured from years 1997 to 2003 was used also to determine the water yield before and after forest clear-cut. This study showed that the plantation catchment is more responsive to storm with higher total water yield than in the forested catchment. The effect of forest clear cutting to discharge was clearly shown by the increment in the amount following the clear-cut activities and time taken for the recovery of the discharge back to its original state was almost three years. The peak discharge in C3 also was affected in which the biggest change was obtained during the forest clear-cutting period compared with during calibration and after clearing periods. This study is useful as basis for improving the existing guidelines on forest plantation establishment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different strategic planning approaches in a forest plantation in the North of Misiones Province, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 918-935
Author(s):  
Diego Broz ◽  
◽  
Mathías López ◽  
Enzo Sanzovo ◽  
Julio Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Misiones Province ◽  
Planning Approaches

<abstract> <p>In this paper we evaluate different models and constraints to define strategic planning approaches. In addition, we analyze the best models to meet the expectations generated by the organization. A forest company situated in the province of Misiones, Argentina, provided the data. Hence, forest growth was simulated and, ultimately, optimized planning was used to evaluate different scenarios with 50-year horizon. The best results to stabilize log production were obtained when the harvest is relaxed in ±2 years. Relaxing the clear-cut age leads to a better balance in planting, thinning (1, 2, 3 and 4) and clear felling operations. We found that when maximizing the economic benefit, the NPV is slightly higher, however, this is not significant. In this sense, the planner chooses an economic or volumetric objective function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that model 1 presented better results than model 2 because it manages to stabilize production in the planning horizon. The results allow forest companies to see the implication of choosing the model for strategic planning.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Water Allocation Based on Economic Criteria Using Aquarius Model (A Case Study in Ambang-Brantas subbasin, Indonesia)

Agromet ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
I Putu Santikayasa ◽  
. Agis ◽  
Siti Maesaroh
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Promising Tool

<p>The use of economic approach on water allocation are inclusively becoming integrated on water resource management. Competing among water users is expected to escalate due to increasing water demand despite of limited water availability. This research used economic approach aiming to optimize water allocation in Ambang-Brantas subbasin, Malang, and to calculate the total benefit for different sectors of allocated water. We distinguished two scenarios (2012–2015 and 2016–2035) to reflect the existing and the future water allocation. We modelled the water allocation with the Aquarious application. In this subbasin, three main sectors of water users were identified i.e. domestic, agriculture, and industries. The results showed that the agricultural sector was the highest water demand compared to other sectors. This finding was consistent both monthly and annually. Our findings revealed that industries sector show the maximum benefit per unit water used. Based on the scenario, either a decreasing water availability by 10% or an increasing water demand by 10% will decline the total benefit by 44%. If we increase the scenario to 20% it will reduce the total benefit until 71%. This modelling exercise using Aquarius application shows that the model is a promising tool for water resource management with integration of economic approach.</p>

The ‘global tree restoration potential’: a first estimation of the hydrological effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J. Hoek van Dijke ◽  
Imme Benedict ◽  
Kaniska Mallick ◽  
Martin Herold ◽  
Miriam Machwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Restoration Potential ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Effects

&lt;p&gt;Vegetation plays an important role in the exchange of water between the land surface and the atmosphere through evaporation and redistribution of water. Hence, changes in vegetation cover alter the terrestrial hydrological cycle. Large-scale forest restoration is an effective climate change mitigation strategy through carbon sequestration and is expected to impact the water availability. A better understanding of the impact of reforestation is needed, given the numerous different reforestation missions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our study aims to provide an estimation of the hydrological effects of 900 million hectares of reforestation, called the &amp;#8216;&lt;em&gt;global tree restoration potential&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8217; (Bastin et al., 2019). We include the effects of forest planting on evaporation and moisture recycling, where evaporation effects local water availability, and moisture recycling effects both local and remote water availability. We used the conventional Budyko&amp;#8217;s moisture index framework to calculate the effects of reforestation on evaporation, and afterwards we used the UTrack dataset to calculate the changes in precipitation. The UTrack dataset presents the monthly climatological mean atmospheric moisture flows from evaporation to precipitation and is created using the Lagrangian moisture tracking model UTrack (Tuinenburg et al., 2020).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results show that reforesting the &amp;#8216;&lt;em&gt;global tree restoration potential&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8217; would effect water availability for most of the Earth&amp;#8217;s surface. The global mean increase in terrestrial evaporation is 8 mm yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The increase in evaporation is highest around the equator (on average 20 mm yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), with local maximum changes of up to 200 mm yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. This is related to a relatively high restoration potential in low latitude areas, and a generally large evaporation response in high precipitation regions. Enhanced moisture recycling has the potential to partly compensate for this decreased water availability by increasing the downwind precipitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bastin, J.-F., Finegold, Y., Garcia, C., Mollicone, D., Rezende, M., Routh, D., Zohner, C.M., Crowther, T.W. The global tree restoration potential. Science, 365, 76-79, http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0848, 2019.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tuinenburg, O. A., Theeuwen, J. J. E., and Staal, A.: High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3177&amp;#8211;3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3177-2020, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;

АНАЛИЗ ВОДООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ АПК КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
I.G. Bondarik
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Management System ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Future

В статье проведен анализ водообеспеченности агропромышленного комплекса Краснодарского края за 10 лет и на перспективу. Рассмотрены основные водопользователи и отрасли с наибольшим потреблением воды, такие как рисосеяние, животноводство и прудовые рыбоводческие хозяйства. Выявлено сокращение поливаемых земель в Краснодарском крае, снижение суммарного водозабора и оросительных норм. Выполнен прогноз водообеспеченности на перспективу до 2030 г. и предложены меры по оптимизации системы управления водным хозяйством.The article analyzes the water availability of the agricultural complex of the Krasnodar Territory over 10 years and for the future. The main water users and sectors with the highest water consumption, such as rice cultivation, animal husbandry and pond fish farms, are considered. The reduction an irrigated land in the Krasnodar Territory, the decrease in the total water intake and irrigation norms were identified. The forecast of water availability for the future until 2030 has been completed and measures have been proposed to optimize the water management system.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Hydro-Economic Decision Tool for Rejuvenating Community Irrigation Tanks in Rural India

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Nicholas Charles ◽  
Mahadev G. Bhat ◽  
Ramachandra Bhatta ◽  
Krishna M. Hegde ◽  
Ganapati V. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
High Price ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Crop Area

Rising water scarcity in agriculture has been a major concern worldwide. As resource managers seek to address this issue, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has become a widely accepted sustainability paradigm. The purpose of this study is to evaluate restoration alternatives of irrigation tanks by applying multi-criteria and probabilistic benefit–cost analysis for a rural watershed in India. We incorporate the principles of local-IWRM, namely, hydrological balance, efficiency, equity, stakeholders’ involvement, and uncertainty. We use the mixed-method approach of data collection, including remotely sensed hydro-ecological data, walk-through field observations, focus groups, and household surveys. The study region produces a large percent of runoff water (i.e., about 67% of the total precipitation) which can be partially captured to sustain irrigation tanks. The majority of the tanks in the study area do possess moderate to high irrigation potential yet remain in poor conditions. A proposed lift irrigation scheme with a 75% or more increase in water availability could return from ₹ 1.23 to ₹ 1.73 on every Indian rupee (₹) invested, in addition to other socio-ecological benefits. The increase in water availability could lead to future crop area expansion, which comes with a high price tag. Therefore, using additional water on the existing crop area can be just as economically viable as water-induced crop expansion. A coordinated effort on the part of local agencies and water users is necessary for efficient and equitable use of incremental water that comes from any restoration efforts in the study area or elsewhere.

Ensuring Water Availability to Water Users through Incentive Payment for Ecosystem Services Scheme: A Case Study in a Small Hilly Town of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Rai ◽  
Mani Nepal ◽  
Laxmi D. Bhatta ◽  
Saudamini Das ◽  
Madan S. Khadayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Incentive Payment ◽  
Water Users

This study was carried out to design an incentive payment for an ecosystem services (IPES) scheme in the Baitadi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project of Nepal. The main intention behind the designing of the scheme was to develop strategy for equitable use of water resources and involve communities, watershed and water user, in the sustainable management of water resources. We administered household survey in both the watershed community and water users to elicit their preferences regarding water source management and drinking water supply. A discrete choice experiment was employed in the case of water users which showed that, for them, water quality and quantity are the most important attributes. The estimated annual willingness-to-pay of water users for doubling water availability is NPR 482,076 (USD 4,505) and for doubling the water quantity and the supply of clean water that can be drunk directly from the tap is NPR 1.18 million (USD 10,988). The results of consultations with stakeholders indicate that the construction of public toilets, the regularization of grazing, off-season vegetable farming and drinking water distribution in the upstream area may contribute to maintaining the quality of water while keeping the watershed community satisfied with regard to water-sharing. These activities require NPR 1.17 million (USD 10,987) in the first year and NPR 425,640 (USD 3,978) annually from the second year on. The estimated willingness-to-pay and cost of the watershed activities indicate that implementing IPES in the Baitadi Town Water Supply Project is financially feasible and socially acceptable. Our study recommends the integration of the IPES design into the project design phase in future drinking water scheme, the best option being its integration into the initial environmental examination at the time of project design.

Survival and growth of Pseudotsugamenziesii seedlings inoculated with biocide-treated soils at planting in a degraded clearcut

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Colinas ◽  
D. Perry ◽  
R. Molina ◽  
M. Amaranthus
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Safe Site ◽  
Soil Animals ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine the component(s) of transfer soils responsible for increased seedling survival and growth, we inoculated planting holes with forest, plantation, and clear-cut soils that were (i) treated with fertilizer to test for effects of nutrients; treated with biocides to test for effects of (ii) microarthropods or nematodes, (iii) protozoa, (iv) fungi, and (v) bacteria; (vi) pasteurized; (vii) Tyndallized; and (viii) untreated. Odds of survival were increased by inoculation with untreated plantation soils, but not if they were fertilized or treated with dimethoate + carbofuran (grazercide), fumagillin (protozoacide), or oxytetracycline + penicillin (bactericide). Addition of untreated forest soil did not increase survival. For all soils, survival odds were increased by captan (fungicide), pasteurization, and Tyndallization. Treatments affected seedling dry weights differently than survival. Untreated plantation and forest soil transfers increased dry weights whereas neither did when treated with dimethoate + carbofuran. Dry weights of seedlings given clear-cut soil were increased by fertilization, pasteurization, and Tyndallization of the soil; the latter two treatments also increased the number of short roots. We hypothesize that stimulation of seedling growth by soil transfers was related to an increased rate of nutrient mineralization due to microbivorous soil animals contained within the transfer soils. Soil transfers may have enhanced seedling survival by at least two mechanisms: (i) by providing a safe site for beneficial rhizosphere organisms to proliferate, free from competing organisms that have proliferated in the clear-cut soil; (ii) through volatile organic compounds that stimulated seedling root growth, especially ethylene, which previous studies have shown to be produced at significantly lower rates in soils of the clear-cut compared with adjacent forest soils. Further research is needed to distinguish between these possibilities.

scholarly journals Dealing with variability in water availability: the case of the Verde Grande River basin, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
B. Collischonn ◽  
A. V. Lopes ◽  
A. R. Pante
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Abstract. This paper presents a water resources management strategy developed by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) to cope with the conflicts between water users in the Verde Grande River basin, located at the southern border of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The basin is dominated by water-demanding fruit irrigation agriculture, which has grown significantly and without adequate water use control, over the last 30 years. The current water demand for irrigation exceeds water availability (understood as a 95 % percentile of the flow duration curve) in a ratio of three to one, meaning that downstream water users are experiencing more frequent water shortages than upstream ones. The management strategy implemented in 2008 has the objective of equalizing risk for all water users and consists of a set of rules designed to restrict water withdrawals according to current river water level (indicative of water availability) and water demand. Under that rule, larger farmers have proportionally larger reductions in water use, preserving small subsistence irrigators. Moreover, dry season streamflow is forecasted at strategic points by the end of every rainy season, providing evaluation of shortage risk. Thus, water users are informed about the forecasts and corresponding restrictions well in advance, allowing for anticipated planning of irrigated areas and practices. In order to enforce restriction rules, water meters were installed in all larger water users and inefficient farmers were obligated to improve their irrigation systems’ performance. Finally, increases in irrigated area are only allowed in the case of annual crops and during months of higher water availability (November to June). The strategy differs from convectional approached based only on water use priority and has been successful in dealing with natural variability of water availability, allowing more water to be used in wet years and managing risk in an isonomic manner during dry years.

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