scholarly journals The impact of natural ventilation on building energy requirement at inter-building scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 870-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laura Pisello ◽  
Veronica Lucia Castaldo ◽  
John Eric Taylor ◽  
Franco Cotana
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
The Impact

Numerical Study of Optimal Building Scales With Low Cooling Load in Both Hot and Mild Climatic Regions

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Scale Ratio ◽  
Building Cooling ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Natural ventilation is one of the primary strategies for buildings in hot and mild climatic regions to reduce building cooling energy requirement. This paper uses a building energy simulation program and a computational fluid dynamics program to investigate the influence of building scales on building cooling energy consumption with and without natural ventilation. The study examines the energy performance of buildings with different L/W and H/W ratios in both Miami, FL and Los Angeles, CA. The simulation results show the varying trends of natural ventilation potential with increased building scale ratio of L/W and H/W. The comparison of the predicted energy consumptions for twenty buildings discloses the most energy-efficient building scales for rectangular-shape buildings in both hot and mild climates with and without natural ventilation. The study indicates that natural ventilation is more effective in mild climates than in hot climates, which may save cooling energy by 50% and vent fan energy by 70%. The paper analyzes the most suitable seasons for natural ventilation in Miami and Los Angeles. Further simulations indicate that extra cooling benefits associated with more natural ventilation cannot compensate additional heat gains through larger windows.

Reducing the Risk of Natural Ventilation With Flexible Design

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara V. Greden ◽  
Leon R. Glicksman ◽  
Gabriel Lo´pez-Betanzos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Flexible Design ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The Impact

Performance uncertainty is a barrier to implementation of innovative technologies. This research investigates the potential of flexible design — one that enables future change — to improve the economic performance of a naturally ventilated building. The flexible design of the naturally ventilated building enables future installation of a mechanical cooling system by including features such as space for pipes and chillers. The benefits of the flexible design are energy savings, delay of capital costs and capability of mitigating the risk of a failed building (by installing the mechanical cooling system). To evaluate the flexible design, building energy simulation is conducted over a multi-year time period with stochastic outdoor temperature variables. One result is a probability distribution of the time when the maximum allowable indoor temperature under natural ventilation is exceeded, which may be “never.” Probability distributions are also obtained for energy savings and cost savings as compared to a mechanically cooled building. Together, these results allow decision-makers to evaluate the long-term performance risks and opportunities afforded by a flexible implementation strategy for natural ventilation. It is shown that the likelihood of future installation of mechanical cooling is most sensitive to design parameters. The impact of increased climate variability depends on the local climate. The probability of installing the mechanical system also depends on the comfort criteria. The results show that capital costs for cooling equipment are much greater than the present value of 10 years of cooling energy costs. This result motivates consideration of flexible design as opposed to hybrid cooling designs (which have immediate installation of mechanical cooling). Future work will study the impact of uncertain energy prices on investment attractiveness of naturally ventilated buildings. Other applications of the framework presented herein include replacing the building energy model with a model of another climate-dependent system, such as solar photovoltaic arrays.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Wind Angles on the Residential Building Energy Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zou Huifen ◽  
Yang Fuhua ◽  
Zhang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Wind angles affect building’s natural ventilation and also energy consumption of the building. In winter, the wind direction in the outdoor environment will affect heat loss of the building, while in summer the change of wind direction and speed in the outdoor environment will affect the building’s ventilation and indoor air circulation. So, making a good deal with the issue of the angle between local buildings and the dominant wind direction can effectively solve the winter and summer ventilation problems. Thereby, it can enhance the comfort of residential person, improve indoor air quality, solve heat gain and heat loss problems in winter and summer in the severely cold and cold regions, and reduce building energy consumption. The simulation software CFD and energy simulation software are used in the paper. South direction of the building is the prototype of the simulation. The angle between the direction of the building and the outdoor environment wind is changed sequentially. Energy consumption under different wind angle conditions is compared with each other. Combined with natural ventilation under various wind angles, the paper gives the best recommended solution of building direction in Shenyang.

scholarly journals Review on Urban Heat Island in China: Methods, Its Impact on Buildings Energy Demand and Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Liu Tian ◽  
Yongcai Li ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Jue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

High population density, dense high-rise buildings, and impervious pavements increase the vulnerability of cities, which aggravate the urban climate environment characterized by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Cities in China provide unique information on the UHI phenomenon because they have experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic development, which have had a great influence on the climate in recent decades. This paper provides a review of recent research on the methods and impacts of UHI on building energy consumption, and the practical techniques that can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of UHI in China. The impact of UHI on building energy consumption depends largely on the local microclimate, the urban area features where the building is located, and the type and characteristics of the building. In the urban areas dominated by air conditioning, UHI could result in an approximately 10–16% increase in cooling energy consumption. Besides, the potential negative effects of UHI can be prevented from China in many ways, such as urban greening, cool material, water bodies, urban ventilation, etc. These strategies could have a substantial impact on the overall urban thermal environment if they can be used in the project design stage of urban planning and implemented on a large scale. Therefore, this study is useful to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of UHI and provide practical approaches to fight the UHI for the urban planners, public health officials, and city decision-makers in China.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6875
Author(s):  
Irene Poza-Casado ◽  
Raquel Gil-Valverde ◽  
Alberto Meiss ◽  
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings is a key element of the students’ well-being and academic performance. Window-opening behavior and air infiltration, generally used as the sole ventilation sources in existing educational buildings, often lead to unhealthy levels of indoor pollutants and energy waste. This paper evaluates the conditions of natural ventilation in classrooms in order to study how climate conditions affect energy waste. For that purpose, the impact of the air infiltration both on the IAQ and on the efficiency of the ventilation was evaluated in two university classrooms with natural ventilation in the Continental area of Spain. The research methodology was based on site sensors to analyze IAQ parameters such as CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Particulate Matter (PM), and other climate parameters for a week during the cold season. Airtightness was then assessed within the classrooms and the close built environment by means of pressurization tests, and infiltration rates were estimated. The obtained results were used to set up a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the age of the local air and the ventilation efficiency value. The results revealed that ventilation cannot rely only on air infiltration, and, therefore, specific controlled ventilation strategies should be implemented to improve IAQ and to avoid excessive energy loss.

scholarly journals A Fundamental Study on the Development of New Energy Performance Index in Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Jin-Hee Kim ◽  
Seong-Koo Son ◽  
Gyeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Young-Tag Kim ◽  
Sung-Bum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

Recently, there have been significant concerns regarding excessive energy use in office buildings with a large window-to-wall ratio (WWR) because of the curtain wall structure. However, prior research has confirmed that the impact of the window area on energy consumption varies depending on building size. A newly proposed window-to-floor ratio (WFR) correlates better with energy consumption in the building. In this paper, we derived the correlation by analyzing a simulation using EnergyPlus, and the results are as follows. In the case of small buildings, the results of this study showed that the WWR and energy requirement increase proportionally, and the smaller the size is, the higher the energy sensitivity will be. However, results also confirmed that this correlation was not established for buildings approximately 3600 m2 or larger. Nevertheless, from analyzing the correlation between the WFR and the energy requirements, it could be deduced that energy required increased proportionally when the WFR was 0.1 or higher. On the other hand, the correlation between WWR, U-value, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and material property values of windows had little effect on energy when the WWR was 20%, and the highest effect was seen at a WWR of 100%. Further, with an SHGC below 0.3, the energy requirement decreased with an increasing WWR, regardless of U-value. In addition, we confirmed the need for in-depth research on the impact of the windows’ U-value, SHGC, and WWR, and this will be verified through future studies. In future studies on window performance, U-value, SHGC, visible light transmittance (VLT), wall U-value as sensitivity variables, and correlation between WFR and building size will be examined.

scholarly journals Window operation behaviour and indoor air quality during lockdown: A monitoring-based simulation-assisted study in London

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110177
Author(s):  
Farhang Tahmasebi ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Cooper ◽  
Daniel Godoy Shimizu ◽  
Samuel Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Ventilation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 outbreak has resulted in new patterns of home occupancy, the implications of which for indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy use are not well-known. In this context, the present study investigates 8 flats in London to uncover if during a lockdown, (a) IAQ in the monitored flats deteriorated, (b) the patterns of window operation by occupants changed, and (c) more effective ventilation patterns could enhance IAQ without significant increases in heating energy demand. To this end, one-year’s worth of monitored data on indoor and outdoor environment along with occupant use of windows has been used to analyse the impact of lockdown on IAQ and infer probabilistic models of window operation behaviour. Moreover, using on-site CO2 data, monitored occupancy and operation of windows, the team has calibrated a thermal performance model of one of the flats to investigate the implications of alternative ventilation strategies. The results suggest that despite the extended occupancy during lockdown, occupants relied less on natural ventilation, which led to an increase of median CO2 concentration by up to 300 ppm. However, simple natural ventilation patterns or use of mechanical ventilation with heat recovery proves to be very effective to maintain acceptable IAQ. Practical application: This study provides evidence on the deterioration of indoor air quality resulting from homeworking during imposed lockdowns. It also tests and recommends specific ventilation strategies to maintain acceptable indoor air quality at home despite the extended occupancy hours.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urban-Scale Building Energy-Use Models and Tools—Application for the City of Fribourg, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Roberto Boghetti ◽  
Jérôme H. Kämpf ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Building energy-use models and tools can simulate and represent the distribution of energy consumption of buildings located in an urban area. The aim of these models is to simulate the energy performance of buildings at multiple temporal and spatial scales, taking into account both the building shape and the surrounding urban context. This paper investigates existing models by simulating the hourly space heating consumption of residential buildings in an urban environment. Existing bottom-up urban-energy models were applied to the city of Fribourg in order to evaluate the accuracy and flexibility of energy simulations. Two common energy-use models—a machine learning model and a GIS-based engineering model—were compared and evaluated against anonymized monitoring data. The study shows that the simulations were quite precise with an annual mean absolute percentage error of 12.8 and 19.3% for the machine learning and the GIS-based engineering model, respectively, on residential buildings built in different periods of construction. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method was carried out on the GIS-based engineering model in order to assess the impact of input variables on space heating consumption and to identify possible optimization opportunities of the existing model.

scholarly journals The Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Building Energy Consumption in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4084
Author(s):  
Hassan Bazazzadeh ◽  
Peiman Pilechiha ◽  
Adam Nadolny ◽  
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad ◽  
Seyedeh sara Hashemi safaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

A substantial share of the building sector in global energy demand has attracted scholars to focus on the energy efficiency of the building sector. The building’s energy consumption has been projected to increase due to mass urbanization, high living comfort standards, and, more importantly, climate change. While climate change has potential impacts on the rate of energy consumption in buildings, several studies have shown that these impacts differ from one region to another. In response, this paper aimed to investigate the impact of climate change on the heating and cooling energy demands of buildings as influential variables in building energy consumption in the city of Poznan, Poland. In this sense, through the statistical downscaling method and considering the most recent Typical Meteorological Year (2004–2018) as the baseline, the future weather data for 2050 and 2080 of the city of Poznan were produced according to the HadCM3 and A2 GHG scenario. These generated files were then used to simulate the energy demands in 16 building prototypes of the ASHRAE 90.1 standard. The results indicate an average increase in cooling load and a decrease in heating load at 135% and 40% , respectively, by 2080. Due to the higher share of heating load, the total thermal load of the buildings decreased within the study period. Therefore, while the total thermal load is currently under the decrease, to avoid its rise in the future, serious measures should be taken to control the increased cooling demand and, consequently, thermal load and GHG emissions.

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