Close or renew? Factors affecting local community support for rebuilding nuclear power plants in the Czech Republic

The resistance of concrete constructions to high temperatures at present is a much monitored issue for many scientific teams and experts in the stated area. This fact is mainly caused by fatal consequences originating in the case when concrete constructions are loaded by the effect of fire and consequent loss of their load-bearing capacity, for the population and the environment of our planet, in which we live in. The development of society goes hand in hand with the development of new building materials and as a consequence the requirements for building constructions increase which bring about extraordinary strict regulations in the area of fire safety. So, many high, non-traditional or specific constructions originate, e.g. nuclear power plants due to permanently higher demand for transport linkage and many tunnels have originated between European countries as a result. Unfortunately, in this relation the threat of terrorist attacks increases and unexpected natural disasters which also threaten the stability of the mentioned constructions. The objective of the article is to familiarize readers with the results of research concerning the improvement of the resistance of the concrete to high temperatures originated during fire instances.

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Analysis of Factors Affecting Thermodynamic Efficiency in Generation III+ PWR Nuclear Power Plants.

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology ◽

10.5130/pamr.v4i0.1441 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 141-154

Author(s):

Marcus Vitlin ◽

Miroshan Naicker ◽

Augustine Frederick Gardner

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Rankine Cycle ◽

Steam Temperature ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Electrical Efficiency ◽

Balance Of Plant ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Generation III+ reactors are the latest generation of Nuclear Power Plants to enter the market. The key evolution in these reactors is the introduction of stringent safety standards. This is done through thorough incident scenario analysis and preparation, resulting in the addition of novel active and passive auxiliary safety systems, affecting the power consumption in the balance of plant. This paper analyses the parameters of PWR power plants of similar design, to determine the parameters for optimal efficiency, regarding gross and net electrical output, determining the impact the balance of plant has on this efficiency. While two of the three main factors affecting the Rankine cycle – boiler pressure and steam temperature – behaved as theoretically expected, there was a notable point of departure with the third parameter – condenser pressure. The relationship between steam temperature and gross electrical efficiency was linear across all reactors but the relation between the steam temperature and the net electrical efficiency ceased to be linear for secondary loop steam temperatures above 290°C. The relationship between boiler pressure and both gross and net electrical efficiency was linear, proving the Rankine cycle. A relationship was not observed between the condenser pressure and either the gross or net electrical efficiency

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Feasibility of replacement of nuclear power with other energy sources in the Czech republic

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci200323275c ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (6 Part A) ◽

pp. 3543-3553

Author(s):

Pavel Charvat ◽

Lubomir Klimes ◽

Jiri Pospisil ◽

Jiri Klemes ◽

Petar Varbanov

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Combined Cycle ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Moment

The feasibility and consequences of replacing nuclear power plants (NPP) in the Czech Republic with other energy sources are discussed. The NPP produced about one-third of electricity in the Czech Republic in 2017. Renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind and solar power plants and biomass/biogas burning power plants produced about 11% of electricity in 2017. Due to the geographical and other constraints (intermittency, land footprint, and public acceptance), the renewables do not have the potential to entirely replace the capacity of the NPP. The only feasible technologies that could replace NPP in the Czech Republic in the near future are the power plants using fossil fuels. The combined cycle power plants running on natural gas (NGCC) are technically and environmentally fea-sible alternative for NPP at the moment. However, the natural gas imports would increase by two-thirds and the total greenhouse gas emissions would go up by about 10% if the power production of the NPP was entirely replaced by NGCC in the Czech Republic.

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Reassessment of selected factors affecting siting of Nuclear Power Plants

10.2172/453736 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R.E. Davis ◽

A.L. Hanson ◽

V. Mubayi ◽

H.P. Nourbakhsh

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Factors Affecting

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Neutronic Analysis for VVER-440 Type Reactor Using PARCS Code

Volume 9: Student Paper Competition ◽

10.1115/icone26-82607 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luca Ratti ◽

Guido Mazzini ◽

Marek Ruščák ◽

Valerio Giusti

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Computational Models ◽

Reactor Core ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

State Office ◽

Scale Models

The Czech Republic National Radiation Protection Institute (SURO) provides technical support to the Czech Republic State Office for Nuclear Safety, providing safety analysis and reviewing of the technical documentations for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). For this reason, several computational models created in SURO were prepared using different codes as tools to simulate and investigate the design base and beyond design base accidents scenarios. This paper focuses on the creation of SCALE and PARCS neutronic models for a proper analysis of the VVER-440 reactor analysis. In particular, SCALE models of the VVER-440 fuel assemblies have been created in order to produce collapsed and homogenized cross sections necessary for the study with PARCS of the whole VVER-440 reactor core. The sensitivity study of the suitable energy threshold to be adopted for the preparation with SCALE of collapsed two energy-group homogenized cross sections is also discussed. Finally, the results obtained with PARCS core model are compared with those reported in the VVER-440 Final Safety Report.

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NULIFE: European Network Dedicated to Nuclear Plant Life Management

Volume 6: Materials and Fabrication ◽

10.1115/pvp2007-26067 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Rauno Rintamaa ◽

Irina Aho-Mantila ◽

Nigel Taylor

Keyword(s):

Life Prediction ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Plant ◽

Research Centre ◽

European Network ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Plant Life ◽

Common Understanding

The European Network of Excellence NULIFE (Nuclear Plant Life Prediction) has been launched with a clear focus on integrating safety-oriented research on materials, structures and systems and exploiting the results of this integration through the production of harmonised lifetime assessment methods. NULIFE will help provide a better common understanding of, and information on, the factors affecting the lifetime of nuclear power plants which, together with associated management methods, will help facilitate extensions to the safe and economic lifetime of existing nuclear power plants. In addition, NULIFE will help in the development of design criteria for future generations of nuclear power plant. Led by VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland), the five-year project has a total budget in excess of EUR 8 millions, with partners drawn from leading research institutions, technical support organisations, power companies and manufacturers throughout Europe.

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Decommissioning of Obsolete Nuclear Facilities in the Nuclear Research Institute Rez

ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/icem2011-59309 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Josef Podlaha ◽

Karel Svoboda ◽

Eduard Hansli´k

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Research ◽

Current Status ◽

Joint Stock Company ◽

Nuclear Facilities ◽

Nuclear Research Institute ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Research Institute

After more than 55 years of activities of the Nuclear Research Institute Rez (NRI) in the nuclear field, there are some obsolete nuclear facilities that shall be decommissioned. NRI is a leading institution in all areas of nuclear R&D in the Czech Republic. NRI has had a dominant position in the nuclear programme since it was established in 1955 as a state-owned research organization and it has developed to its current status. In December 1992, NRI has been transformed into a joint-stock company. The Institute’s activity encompasses nuclear physics, chemistry, nuclear power, experiments at the research reactor and many other topics. Main issues addressed in NRI in the past decades were concentrated on research, development and services provided to the nuclear power plants operating VVER reactors, development of chemical technologies for fuel cycle and irradiation services to research and development in the industrial sector, agriculture, food processing and medicine. The NRI operates two research nuclear reactors, many facilities as a hot cell facility, research laboratories, technology for radioactive waste (RAW) management, radionuclide irradiators, an electron accelerator, etc. The obsolete facilities to be decommissioned comprise various research facilities and facilities for RAW management. Decommissioning of nuclear facilities NRI is the only ongoing decommissioning project in the Czech Republic. Decommissioning started in 2003 and will be finished in 2014. Some facilities have already been successfully decommissioned.

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Local Community Versus Globalization Tendencies: Case Study of Czech Villages in Romanian Banat Region

Journal of Landscape Ecology ◽

10.2478/jlecol-2014-0017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 73-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Markéta Šantrůčková ◽

Mária Pákozdiová ◽

Monika Hamanová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Power Plants ◽

Local Community ◽

Research Question ◽

Arable Land ◽

Research Area ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Hard Work ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Wind Power Plants

Abstract The research question is the relationship between the local community and globalization tendencies and transformation or maintenance of local traditions. The research area is a specific locality of a Czech village in Romanian Banat. The local community has evolved in a relative isolation. Agriculture was the most important activity despite the fact that a mining factory was opened there. Agriculture was and in many features still is traditional, self-supplying, and hard-work. The life-style has always been environmentally friendly as it has been without modern technologies. Nevertheless, modernization exploded dramatically in these villages after 1989, when the communist policies collapsed along with Romania's isolation. People from the Czech Republic have rediscovered Romanian Banat and a rather busy (agro) tourism has developed there. The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports development projects for making living conditions in the village better. Simultaneously, strong migration from Banat to the Czech Republic has started. People find living conditions in the Czech Republic easier and leave hard work, poverty and unemployment. It brings huge land cover changes because people who remain cannot use all arable land, which is thus abandoned and left for the natural process. One of the distinct manifestations of globalization tendencies is the build-up of wind power plants.

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