Coal-to-gas heating compensation standard and willingness to make clean energy choices in typical rural areas of northern China

Energy Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 111698
Author(s):  
Yutong Yan ◽  
Wenxian Jiao ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yatao Huang ◽  
Jingyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Gas Heating ◽  
Compensation Standard

scholarly journals Study on Rural Residents’ Satisfaction with the Clean Energy Heating Program in Northern China—A Case Study of Shandong Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11412
Author(s):  
Xingmin Liu ◽  
Beibei Qin ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Ran Zou ◽  
Qing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Rural Residents

The Chinese government announced the Clean Energy Heating Program in northern China in 2017, promoting clean energy for residents’ winter heating. The key difficulty of implementing this policy initiative lies in rural areas. This research hence focuses on evaluating the implementation of this policy in rural areas. Rural residents who directly benefit from, and are integrally involved in, the implementation process in Shandong Province were surveyed to evaluate their satisfaction with this policy. In order to identify their satisfaction indicators and obstacle factors, a TOPSIS obstacle model adjusted by entropy weight was developed. An evaluation system of the indicators of residents’ satisfaction with the policy was developed and converted into a questionnaire. The designed questionnaire was distributed to 341 rural residents in Jinan, Zibo and Heze in Shandong province. Data analysis suggests that, at the fiscal subsidies level, supporting infrastructure, technical supports and support organizations are four important factors affecting rural residents’ satisfaction. The key obstacle factors identified include technical support, supporting infrastructure, the operation subsidies level, heating cost, period of subsidies and achieved temperature. Corresponding suggestions for further clean energy heating policy design and implementation in rural areas in northern China are provided.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Inclusive Human Development: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Gulati ◽  
Manveen Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Work Family

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) adoption is increasing globally for human development because of its potential affect in many aspects of economic and societal activities such as GDP growth, employment, productivity, poverty alleviation, quality of life, education, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, and healthcare. Adoption of new technologies has been the main challenge in rural areas and is the main reason for the growing gap between rural and urban economy. The work related ICT use have also yielded mixed results; some studies show the individual’s perceived work-family conflict, negative cognitive responses e.g. techno stress while others show increased productivity, improved job satisfaction and work-family balance due to flexible work timings. This paper attempts to understand the role of ICT in human development areas of health, education and citizen empowerment taking into consideration of digital divide which exists in geographic area and within the communities through literature review.

scholarly journals Effects of Production of Woody Pellets in the Southeastern United States on the Sustainable Development Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Keith L. Kline ◽  
Virginia H. Dale ◽  
Erin Rose ◽  
Bruce Tonn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Development Goals

Wood-based pellets are produced in the southeastern United States (SE US) and shipped to Europe for the generation of heat and power. Effects of pellet production on selected Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) are evaluated using industry information, available energy consumption data, and published research findings. Challenges associated with identifying relevant SDG goals and targets for this particular bioenergy supply chain and potential deleterious impacts are also discussed. We find that production of woody pellets in the SE US and shipments to displace coal for energy in Europe generate positive effects on affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), industry innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and life on land (SDG 15). Primary strengths of the pellet supply chain in the SE US are the provisioning of employment in depressed rural areas and the displacement of fossil fuels. Weaknesses are associated with potential impacts on air, water, and biodiversity that arise if the resource base and harvest activities are improperly managed. The SE US pellet supply chain provides an opportunity for transition to low-carbon industries and innovations while incentivizing better resource management.

scholarly journals The influence of rural building energy saving design on clean energy heating in winter

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4 Part B) ◽  
pp. 3103-3112
Author(s):  
Rao Shun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Technical Guidance

Taking a typical rural building as an example, the paper compares various factors that affect the heat load of the building, studies related literature and the living habits of rural residents, and suggests that the calculated temperature of the heating room in rural residential buildings in cold areas in winter is 14~17?C. Analyze and compare the initial investment and the investment pay-back period after the thermal insulation measures are adopted for each envelope structure. With the dual goals of energy conservation and economy, it is recommended that rural households with different economic conditions adopt different thermal insulation measures to provide clean heating in rural areas in the cold north. Provide strong technical guidance for energy conservation and emission reduction.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in aerosol optical properties over China

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8431-8453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
J. Xin ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
P. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. The seasonal variations in background aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol type are investigated over various ecosystems in China based upon three years' worth of meteorological data and data collected by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network. In most parts of China, AODs are at a maximum in spring or summer and at a minimum in autumn or winter. Minimum values (0.10~0.20) of annual mean AOD at 500 nm are found in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is located in the remote northeast corner of China, the northern forest ecosystems and Hainan Island. Annual mean AOD ranges from 0.25 to 0.30 over desert and oasis areas as well as the desertification grasslands in northern China; the annual mean AOD over the Loess Plateau is moderately high at 0.36. Regions where the highest density of agricultural and industrial activities are located and where anthropogenic sulphate aerosol and soil aerosol emissions are consistently high throughout the whole year (e.g. the central-eastern, southern and eastern coastal regions of China) experience annual mean AODs ranging from 0.50~0.80. Remarkable seasonal changes in the main types of aerosol over northern China (characterized by the Angstrom exponent, α) are seen. Due to biomass and fossil fuel burning from extensive agricultural practices in northern rural areas, concentrations of smoke and soot aerosols rise dramatically during autumn and winter (high α), while the main types of aerosol during spring and summer are dust and soil aerosols (low α). Over southeast Asia, biomass burning during the spring leads to increases in smoke and soot emissions. Over the Tibetan Plateau and Hainan Island where the atmosphere is pristine, the main types of aerosol are dust and sea salt, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimal Operational Adjustment of a Community-Based Off-Grid Polygeneration Plant using a Fuzzy Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotle Ubando ◽  
Isidro Marfori ◽  
Kathleen Aviso ◽  
Raymond Tan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Integer Linear Programming Model

Community-based off-grid polygeneration plants based on micro-hydropower are a practical solution to provide clean energy and other essential utilities for rural areas with access to suitable rivers. Such plants can deliver co-products such as purified water and ice for refrigeration, which can improve standards of living in such remote locations. Although polygeneration gives advantages with respect to system efficiency, the interdependencies of the integrated process units may come as a potential disadvantage, due to susceptibility to cascading failures when one of the system components is partially or completely inoperable. In the case of a micro-hydropower-based polygeneration plant, a drought may reduce electricity output, which can, in turn, reduce the level of utilities available for use by the community. The study proposes a fuzzy mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimal operational adjustment of an off-grid micro-hydropower-based polygeneration plant seeking to maximize the satisfaction levels of the community utility demands, which are represented as fuzzy constraints. Three case studies are considered to demonstrate the developed model. The use of a diesel generator for back-up power is considered as an option to mitigate inoperability during extreme drought conditions.

scholarly journals Implementation of Bioenergy Systems towards Achieving United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals in Rural Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondokar M. Rahman ◽  
David J. Edwards ◽  
Lynsey Melville ◽  
Hatem El-Gohary
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Development Goals

This research presents a conceptual model to illustrate how people living in rural areas can harness bioenergy to create beneficial ‘community-driven’ income-generating activities. The research is contextualised within the rural developing areas of Bangladesh where people live in abject poverty and energy deficiency. The research methodology applied in this study aims to determine the basic requirements for implementing community-based anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities and illustrate how an AD facility positively impacts upon the lives of rural communities directly after its installation. The survey results demonstrate that implementing a biogas plant can save 1 h and 43 min of worktime per day for a rural family where women are generally expected to for cook (by the long-term tradition). In addition to the positive impacts on health and climate change through adoption of clean energy generation, this time saving could be utilised to improve women′s and children’s education. The research concludes that, by providing easy access to clean bioenergy, AD can change people’s quality of life, yielding major social, economic and environmental transformations; key benefits include: extending the working day; empowering women; reducing indoor air pollution; and improving people’s health and welfare. Each of these tangible benefits can positively contribute towards achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. This work demonstrates the potential to increase the implementation of AD systems in other developing world countries that have similar geographic and socioeconomic conditions.

scholarly journals PRICING CARBON EMISSIONS IN CHINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850014
Author(s):  
CHIA-LIN CHANG ◽  
TE-KE MAI ◽  
MICHAEL MCALEER
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
National Development ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Regional Markets

The review paper provides a strategy for determining carbon emissions pricing in China to guide how carbon emissions might be mitigated to reduce fossil fuel pollution. China has promoted the development of clean energy, including hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar energy generation. In order to involve companies in carbon emissions control, regional and provincial carbon markets have been established since 2013. As China’s carbon market is organized domestically, and not necessarily using market principles, there has been little research on China’s carbon price and volatility. This paper provides an introduction to China’s regional and provincial carbon markets, proposes how to establish a national market for pricing carbon emissions, discusses how and when these markets might be established, how they might perform, and the subsequent prices for China’s regional and national carbon markets. Power generation in manufacturing consumes more than other industries, with more than 40% of total coal consumption. Apart from manufacturing, the northern China heating system relies on fossil fuels, mainly coal, which causes serious pollution. In order to understand the regional markets well, it is necessary to analyze the energy structure in these regions. Coal is the primary energy source in China, so that provinces that rely heavily on coal receive a greater number of carbon emissions permits. In order to establish a national carbon market for China, a detailed analysis of eight important regional markets is presented. The four largest energy markets, namely, Guangdong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hubei, traded around 82% of the total volume and 85% of the total value of the seven markets in 2017, as the industry structure of the western area is different from that of the east. The China National Development and Reform Commission has proposed a national carbon market, which can attract investors and companies to participate in carbon emissions trading.

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