scholarly journals Study on Rural Residents’ Satisfaction with the Clean Energy Heating Program in Northern China—A Case Study of Shandong Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11412
Author(s):  
Xingmin Liu ◽  
Beibei Qin ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Ran Zou ◽  
Qing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Rural Residents

The Chinese government announced the Clean Energy Heating Program in northern China in 2017, promoting clean energy for residents’ winter heating. The key difficulty of implementing this policy initiative lies in rural areas. This research hence focuses on evaluating the implementation of this policy in rural areas. Rural residents who directly benefit from, and are integrally involved in, the implementation process in Shandong Province were surveyed to evaluate their satisfaction with this policy. In order to identify their satisfaction indicators and obstacle factors, a TOPSIS obstacle model adjusted by entropy weight was developed. An evaluation system of the indicators of residents’ satisfaction with the policy was developed and converted into a questionnaire. The designed questionnaire was distributed to 341 rural residents in Jinan, Zibo and Heze in Shandong province. Data analysis suggests that, at the fiscal subsidies level, supporting infrastructure, technical supports and support organizations are four important factors affecting rural residents’ satisfaction. The key obstacle factors identified include technical support, supporting infrastructure, the operation subsidies level, heating cost, period of subsidies and achieved temperature. Corresponding suggestions for further clean energy heating policy design and implementation in rural areas in northern China are provided.

Moving Rural Residents to Work

2005 ◽  
Vol 1903 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen S. Stommes ◽  
Dennis M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transportation Services

Rural areas present special challenges for meeting the transportation needs of individuals, especially people without cars. Congress established the Job Access and Reverse Commute (JARC) program in 1998 to assist states and localities in developing transportation services to connect welfare recipients and other low-income residents to jobs and other support programs. There are key results of a study examining eight rural areas receiving JARC funding in Fiscal Year 1999. Specific program elements include the implementation process, transportation services provided, and solutions developed to deal with the challenges of distance and low population densities that rural transit systems frequently face.

Coal-to-gas heating compensation standard and willingness to make clean energy choices in typical rural areas of northern China

Energy Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 111698
Author(s):  
Yutong Yan ◽  
Wenxian Jiao ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yatao Huang ◽  
Jingyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Gas Heating ◽  
Compensation Standard

scholarly journals Landscape Performance for Coordinated Development of Rural Communities & Small-Towns Based on “Ecological Priority and All-Area Integrated Development”: Six Case Studies in East China’s Zhejiang Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiezheng Zhao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Ming-Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation System

Over the last decade, the Chinese government has focused on addressing development challenges in rural areas. The “Ecological Priority and All-Area Integrated Development” concept was thus developed, and it was found to be crucial for rural areas in Eastern Zhejiang Province. A new comprehensive evaluation system was composed by comparing and synthesizing existing Chinese assessment criteria, and landscape performance metrics developed by the Landscape Architecture Foundation. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method (FCE) were used to conduct post-development evaluation on six cases using the new evaluation system. The results of four cases show that ecology should be considered a high priority when dealing with rural community and small town developments. The other two cases emphasizing infrastructure development verified that “coordinating the development of rural communities and small town area” is crucial for building sustainable and livable rural communities, and avoiding redundancy and inefficiency. The newly developed comprehensive evaluation system integrates existing systems with a broader vision and is more holistic in its objectives for the region. The development-led intervention (based on landscape performance evaluation) is conducive to the implementation of a more scientific and comprehensive development model, with predictable performance.

scholarly journals Spatial heterogeneity in and distributional characteristics of rural ecological livability in China——The case of Fujian Province

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244238
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Jiang ◽  
Lingyu Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Su ◽  
Weipeng Zeng ◽  
Anxin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
Entropy Weight Method ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Slight Downward Trend

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the importance of rural areas has been gradually highlighted, and the importance of rural ecological livability has been gradually recognized. A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of building a rural ecological livability (REL) system. It is urgent that we clarify the status quo and spatial-temporal differences in and distributional characteristics of rural ecological livability and that we carry out targeted and differentiated construction to promote rural ecological livability in post-epidemic China. This study proposes a conceptual model that incorporates various economic, social and environmental factors and develops a comprehensive multifactor (production-living-ecology) evaluation system. Using Fujian Province as an example, the entropy weight method is used to measure the REL level of 55 counties and cities, which are comprehensively evaluated from 2015 to 2019. Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi* are used to analyze the spatial and distributional characteristics of the REL level in Fujian. The results show that the level of REL in Fujian Province has been relatively flat over the past five years, with a slight downward trend. The overall value of the rural ecological livability index in 2015 was 0.345, and its overall value in 2019 was 0.334, with an average value of 0.343. The REL of Fujian Province is spatially correlated, with high levels of livability in the southeast and low levels in the northeast. The autocorrelation in the level of ecological livability in Fujian's counties and cities continues to increase.

Who will protect the health of rural residents in China if village doctors run out?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Yang ◽  
Hongman Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Village Doctors ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Village ◽  
Improve Access

This paper discusses the current situation of Chinese village doctors and highlights the importance of increasing the number of village doctors for better health service and a stronger health system. This study reviewed relevant health policies and data from the Chinese Statistic Year Book 2016 to assess the current status of Chinese village doctors and clinics. The Chinese government has launched a set of healthcare reforms to strengthen primary health care (PHC), especially in rural areas. However, the recruitment and retention of village doctors has not been successful. The analysis of available data suggests that fewer doctors or graduated medical students want to work in village clinics and provide services for rural residents. It is widely recognised in China and other countries that a good PHC system protects the population’s health at low cost. To achieve a better health system, the Chinese government should strengthen PHC, expanding the village clinics’ coverage to improve access to PHC and basic public health, and introduce more sustainable policies to attract more PHC practitioners to Chinese villages.

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kotte
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Boxer Rebellion ◽  
The Usa

The Boxer Rebellion (November 1899–September 1901) was a Chinese national uprising against what was seen as the corrupting influence of western ideologies and practices. Initiated in Shandong province by a cult called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known by foreign nationals as Boxers, the uprising was simultaneously a peasants’ insurgency, an anti-imperialist movement and a blow to the power of the Qing state. In the late 1890s the Boxers believed that foreign missionaries, Chinese Christian converts and foreigners in general were to blame for a series of natural disasters that had struck northern China. Animosity turned into violence as the rebels burned churches and railways and killed Christians. The movement spread, and in June 1900 the Boxers besieged the embassy area known as Legation Quarter in Beijing. The Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908), who until early 1900 had tried to suppress the Boxers, now openly supported them with imperial troops. The 55-day siege ended with a defeat of China and a victory of the eight allied nations (Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and the USA), who had sent in 20,000 troops. The final protocol left the Chinese government humbled and financially crippled, with reparations to be paid over 39 years.

scholarly journals From “Coal to Gas” to “Coal to Biomass”: The Strategic Choice of Social Capital in China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4171
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Thomas Dogot ◽  
Yueling Yang ◽  
Jian Jiao ◽  
Boyang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
The Public

Currently, the Chinese government is promoting the transformation of clean energy in rural areas to reduce the consumption of coal to cope with the smog. It is mainly based on “coal to gas”. The development of biomass resources in agricultural areas is an alternative means of energy supply. In order to improve rural energy structure, we propose to upgrade “coal to gas” to “coal to biomass” derived from centralized biogas production (CBP) and straw-briquetting fuel (SBF). This study deals with the question of financing such projects. The public–private partnership (PPP) model is seen as a response that can mobilize social capital to finance investments in these new modes of production and energy supply in rural areas. Based on an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the two projects considered above, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was carried out with the assistance of experts in order to clarify the strategic choices which are more suitable for investors. First, we built a PPP strategic-decision model. The decision model was divided into four strategies (pioneering strategy, struggling strategy, conservative strategy and striving strategy) and two development intensities (conservative and proactive). We used this method to construct a SWOT–AHP model of the PPP strategy for CBP and SBF based on the investigation from the experts. The strategic-decision model identified that a pioneering strategy based on opportunity type is promised for SBF, while a more aggressive type strategy in struggling strategy is essential for the CBP. In order to encourage investors to adopt a positive and optimistic attitude towards the two projects, the public authorities have a role of guidance to ensure the mobilization of the social capital necessary for the construction of the projects.

scholarly journals Can the income level of rural residents be improved by the Chinese “Broadband Village?”: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design of the six pilot provinces

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248079
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Yukari Nagai ◽  
Weilong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Impact

The “Broadband Village” (B&V) initiative is a substantial investment in internet construction in rural areas in six western provinces implemented by the Chinese government since 2014. This study evaluates the effect this policy has had. Panel data of 1,049 counties in China from 2015 to 2019 are used for the regression discontinuity design (RD) to estimate the impact of B&V on the improvement of the income level of rural residents. The results show that, compared to the counties without the B&V policy, the income of rural residents in counties with B&V has increased by 1.468–1.518 times, which is nearly 1.3 times the sample mean of survey data, indicating that the income level of rural residents has been improved significantly by B&V. However, the quantile regression results show that the higher the income level of rural residents, the smaller the effect of this policy. From the dynamic effect of years, the influence curve of B&V on rural residents’ income is an inverted U-shaped, first increasing and then decreasing, and the impact of this policy on the income level of highly-educated farmers is greater. Finally, three different methods are used to verify the robustness of the model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Coupling Coordination among the Urban Physical Environment, Economy, and Population: A Case Study of 36 Main Cities in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Zhihao Sun ◽  
Yuanjie Wang ◽  
Shuaifeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Northern Cities

In the past three decades, about 0.93% of people moved from rural areas to cities per year in China. Therefore, understanding of the relationships among urban physical environment (UPE), economic development, and population growth are significant for China to realize sustainable urban development. Based on the concept and connotation of UPE and ecocity, the UPE evaluation system was constructed containing 6 first-level of indicators (i.e., climate, quality of ambient air and atmosphere, freshwater, wastewater, built environment, and noise pollution) and 13 second-level indicators. An entropy weight-TOPSIS model was developed in order to evaluate the UPE system, using the data of China’s 36 main cities from 2003 to 2016. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) among the UPE, economy, and population was measured by a ternary CCD model. The results showed that (1) the UPE of 36 main cities showed periodic fluctuations throughout the 14 years, and the coastal cities and southern cities had superior UPE than the inland cities and northern cities, respectively; (2) the vast majority of cities’ CCD had experienced steady upward trends. UPE, economy, and population promoted mutually in most of the cities, but in a few super cities, the economic development and population growth exceeded the capacity of UPE. Meanwhile, the CCD gaps between the northern and southern cities were significantly widened.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Inclusive Human Development: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Gulati ◽  
Manveen Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Work Family

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) adoption is increasing globally for human development because of its potential affect in many aspects of economic and societal activities such as GDP growth, employment, productivity, poverty alleviation, quality of life, education, clean water and sanitation, clean energy, and healthcare. Adoption of new technologies has been the main challenge in rural areas and is the main reason for the growing gap between rural and urban economy. The work related ICT use have also yielded mixed results; some studies show the individual’s perceived work-family conflict, negative cognitive responses e.g. techno stress while others show increased productivity, improved job satisfaction and work-family balance due to flexible work timings. This paper attempts to understand the role of ICT in human development areas of health, education and citizen empowerment taking into consideration of digital divide which exists in geographic area and within the communities through literature review.

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