Driving factors of differences in primary energy intensities of 14 European countries

Energy Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 112090
Author(s):  
Zeus Guevara ◽  
SofiaTeives Henriques ◽  
Tânia Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Energy ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Intensities

scholarly journals A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Łukasz Paluch ◽  
Mariusz Dacko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper addresses the problem of energy sustainability of European Union countries in terms of renewable energy sources, energy consumption levels as well as energy dependency and energy intensity of the economy. The aim of the study was to identify and assess the key characteristics of the energy sector of EU members states between 2006 and 2016 using taxonomy, which is one of the basic tools in a multi-dimensional comparative analysis. The analysis revealed that, despite common challenges, different member states showed varied levels of the implementation of EU climate and energy targets. In terms of the approach to the production and consumption of primary energy, EU countries can be divided into two groups. In most Western European countries, energy production is mainly based on renewable sources. However, it only meets a small portion of the domestic economy’s needs. In contrast, Central Eastern European countries are characterized by greater concentration on aspects of self-sufficiency and security of own energy systems. In such countries, the share of renewable sources in overall energy generation is smaller.

scholarly journals CO2 emissions analysis for East European countries: the role of underlying emission trend

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Denizhan Guven ◽  
M. Özgür Kayalica ◽  
Gülgün Kayakutlu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
East European ◽  
Primary Energy Supply ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze the impact of energy consumption, economic structure, and manufacturing output on the CO2 emissions of East European countries by applying the Structural Time Series Model (STSM). Several explanatory factors are used to construct the model using annual data of the 1990–2017 period. The factors are: total primary energy supply, GDP per capita and manufacturing value added, and, finally, a stochastic Underlying Emission Trend (UET). The significant effects of all variables on CO2 emissions are detected. Based on the estimated functions, CO2 emissions of Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Hungary will decrease, by 2027, to 53.2 Mt, 103.2 Mt, 36.1 Mt, 1528.2 Mt, 36 Mt, and 36.1 Mt, respectively. Distinct from other countries, CO2 emissions of Poland will extend to 312.2 Mt in 2027 due to the very high share of fossil-based supply (i.e., coal and oil) in Poland. The results also indicate that the most forceful factor in CO2 emissions is the total primary energy supply. Furthermore, for Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Belarus, the long-term impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions is negative, while it is positive for Russia, Ukraine, and Serbia. The highest long-term manufacturing value-added elasticity of CO2 emissions is calculated for Serbia and Belarus.

scholarly journals ENERGY SECURITY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ISSUES: HOUSEHOLD PERSPECTIVE IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Intensities

Aim of presented paper is provide the latest approaches towards energy security, to examine methodological foundations used, and to contribute to the contemporary discussion by providing new insights stemming from emerging needs of enhancing energy security. In the presented paper a role of energy efficiency among other constituents of energy security is being discussed. The second – analytical – part of paper is devoted to forecasting of long-term (until year 2050) energy intensities in household sectors in the following countries: Lithuania, Estonia, Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg and Bulgaria. Author claims, that revealed differences provide theoretically grounded foundations for further benchmarking of energy intensities.

scholarly journals Review on District Cooling and Its Application in Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Sayadi ◽  
Jan Akander ◽  
Abolfazl Hayati ◽  
Mathias Cehlin
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Cost Efficient

This chapter investigates the implementation of district cooling systems by exploring several research studies reported in the literature. The topics addressed include typologies and design parameters, benefits and limitations, applications of the system, and the technology readiness level. District cooling systems are generally regarded as cost-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. One might think that district cooling is only a solution for areas with a very warm climate. However, based on the reported results of the surveyed studies, the number of operating district cooling systems has increased over the years, with the Scandinavian countries taking the lead in this market within European countries. Implementation of these systems concluded reduction in primary energy and electricity use, they also proved to be an environmentally efficient way.

scholarly journals The impact of the macroeconomic stability on the energy-efficiency of the European countries: A bibliometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Yana Us ◽  
Liliia Lyulyova ◽  
Natalia Kotenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

This paper deals with macroeconomic stability impact on improving the countries’ energy-efficiency. For that purpose, the authors conducted the bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer and Scopus tools. The investigation involved 1335 studies focused on economic stability and 1811 studies – on environmental issues. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated the strong links between investigating environmental factors, particularly, energy efficiency, on business performance, economic and macroeconomic stability. Given that, the authors made forecasting energy-efficiency development. In the current research, primary energy consumption was allocated as a basis for forecast the energy-efficiency. The study involves data between 1991 to 2018 from European countries (EU27) taken from the Eurostat database. The methodology of this study was based on ARIMA model. From the results, the authors concluded that the EU energy targets would be gained by 2020. However, the obtained results allow prognosticating increasing the final energy consumption from 2020 to 2029. Based on analysing the EU experience and the forecast findings, the authors allocated the main recommendations to improve the energy-efficiency in Ukraine. The authors noted that current results are considered to be the base for future investigations aimed at the analysis of the macroeconomic stability impact on increasing energy-efficiency level.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AT PRESENT TIME

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
M. Gnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Quality Of Life Index ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the relationship between energy consumption and GDP level has been analysed. The energy efficiency of European countries at present time based on the energy intensity of GDP and the quality of life index of the population has been explored. The efficiency level of the primary energy use through methods of system analysis and statistical calculations is determined. The relationship between the efficiency of the energy resources consumption by European states and the level of their economic development has been established. The presence of a significant imbalance in the energy intensity of GDP between European countries, namely between the economy in transition countries and developed countries of Europe has a much higher level of GDP per capita is revealed. The reason for this is that developed states of Europe have a more developed energy infrastructure in comparison with the former Soviet states. The energy-intensive and relatively powerful industrial sector consumes only a quarter of the energy resources consumed by EU countries due to its energy efficiency. Post-Soviet countries, although they consume less energy per capita, spend much more energy for own production of goods and services due to outdated transport infrastructure, poor green and renewable energy sources developing and transport, which significantly exceeds carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions to the environment, therefore needs more fuel compared to transportation of developed European countries. The consistent patterns of primary energy consumption and its use by European states are revealed. Trends of reducing energy use and energy efficiency in the European countries have been analysed and considered. Energy efficiency of European countries through the quality of life index of the population, which takes into account the purchasing power index, the subsistence minimum, environmental pollution, the climate component, housing prices relative to the income of the population, time spent in traffic jams is analysed.

Ultrastructural alterations in the fetal mouse myocardium in response to genetic and environmental factors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
K.C. Feng-Chen ◽  
F.B. Essien ◽  
K.J. Prestwidge ◽  
J.T. Cheng ◽  
C.L. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

The physiology of the fetal heart differs significantly from that of the mature post-natal organ: e.g., the metabolic supply for adult cardiac contraction relies mainly on fatty acids; whereas, the fetal heart uses carbohydrates as its primary energy source. Limited morphological descriptions of the developing myocardium have appeared. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the ultrastructural changes occuring in the perinatal period when enormous physiological adjustments are made. Although adult animals are most often used in toxocological and pathological analyses, it is also important to investigate fetal cardiac responsiveness to various agents. The vulnerability of the ultrastructure of the fetal mouse myocardium to genetic and environmental assault is the subject of this report. The genetically determined effect on the heart was observed in mouse embryos homozygous for the cab (cardiac abnormality) mutation discovered by Essien.

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