Are electric vehicles getting too big and heavy? Modelling future vehicle journeying demand on a decarbonized US electricity grid

Energy Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 112746
Author(s):  
Ray Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Grid

scholarly journals Modeling the Future California Electricity Grid and Renewable Energy Integration with Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian van Triel ◽  
Timothy E. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Charging Demand

This study focuses on determining the impacts and potential value of unmanaged and managed uni-directional and bi-directional charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to integrate intermittent renewable resources in California in the year 2030. The research methodology incorporates the utilization of multiple simulation tools including V2G-SIM, SWITCH, and GridSim. SWITCH is used to predict a cost-effective generation portfolio to meet the renewable electricity goals of 60% in California by 2030. PEV charging demand is predicted by incorporating mobility behavior studies and assumptions charging infrastructure and vehicle technology improvements. Finally, the production cost model GridSim is used to quantify the impacts of managed and unmanaged vehicle-charging demand to electricity grid operations. The temporal optimization of charging sessions shows that PEVs can mitigate renewable oversupply and ramping needs substantially. The results show that 3.3 million PEVs can mitigate over-generation by ~4 terawatt hours in California—potentially saving the state up to about USD 20 billion of capital investment costs in stationary storage technologies.

scholarly journals Integrating Electric Vehicles into the German Electricity Grid – an Interdisciplinary Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jochem ◽  
Thomas Kaschub ◽  
Alexandra-Gwyn Paetz ◽  
Wolf Fichtner
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Grid

Electric Load Forecasting of Electric Vehicles in Charging

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1165-1168
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
Ming Xin Zhao ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Chao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Market Management ◽  
The Impact

This paper forecast the electric load of the mass electric cars connected to the electric grid in charging and discharging; considered the inventory forecast of electric vehicles; comprehensive analyzed the charge and discharge characteristics of the electric cars’ charging infrastructures and the impact factors such as users’ behaviors as well as the using frequency, which lead to different load distribution at different times. It calculated the total load of electric vehicles into the load curve and the load curve of the characteristics under different regions (industrial, commercial and residential). Concludes that the mass electric cars connected to the electricity grid will increase the peak load of power grid, and lay the foundation for the subsequent market management and optimization control.

scholarly journals A Scenario-Based Approach To Predict Energy Demand And Carbon Emission of Electric Vehicles On The Electric Grid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Grid Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Grid Environment ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract UK plans to ban the sale of new diesel and petrol cars by 2030 to be replaced by electric vehicles (EVs). However, motoring experts warn that this demand for electricity will increase by 50 % which will place unprecedented strain on the UK’s National Grid. The question is, will the UK’s electric grid infrastructure ready for this change? This comparative study investigates into the effect of UK green vehicles have on the electricity grid and will present a new insight into improving their environmental impact to the electric grid. This work is carried out with relevant data from 2014 to 2030 and addresses the carbon dioxide emissions produced on the natural environment and how EVs can help to reduce such pollution. This investigation will assess the effects on the electricity grid with or without EVs from an environmental, economic and social viewpoint. Recommendations from this work will help the industry to make key decisions of how to cope with demand and requirements to make a smart grid environment work.

scholarly journals Analysis of Electric Vehicles Efficiency and their Influence on Environmental Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Mirosław Karczewski ◽  
Leszek Szczęch ◽  
Filip Polak ◽  
Szymon Brodowski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

AbstractElectric vehicles are increasingly present on the roads of the whole world. They have the opinion of ecological vehicles, not polluting the environment. Society is more and more often persuaded to buy electric cars as an environmentally friendly solution but is this for sure? Electric cars need quite a lot of electricity accumulated in batteries to drive on a long range. During the charging process, this energy is obtained from the electricity network, to where it is supplied by power plant. Electricity production from renewable sources is a privilege for the rare. However, electric cars are charged from the electricity grid, which in large part energy comes from non-renewable fuels. The efficiency of energy production in power plants and the energy transmission and conversion chain causes that only part of the energy produced in this way goes to the vehicle’s wheels. Although the power plants are equipped with more and more efficient exhaust gas cleaning systems, they do not clean them up to 100%. Sulphur, nitrogen, mercury and heavy metals remain in the exhaust. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether the total emission of toxic components associated with the use of an electric vehicle is not bigger than in a traditional internal combustion engine.

Quantifying the benefits of electric vehicles on the future electricity grid in the midwestern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 115174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Jeffery B. Greenblatt ◽  
Pamela MacDougall ◽  
Samveg Saxena ◽  
Aditya Jayam Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Analysis of ecological benefits of traffic flow electrification

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Nemanja Stepanović ◽  
Vladan Tubić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Grid Network

Road transport is responsible for 22% of the total CO2 emissions, 39% of NOx emission and 10% share of particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5) emission. The use of passenger cars, as an extremely dominant category of vehicles, is at constant growth, which causes an increase or insufficient reduction of Greenhouse Gas emission, despite the technological improvements of exaust emission devices. Due to the growing harmful effects on the environment and human health, as well as the recent scandals associated with internal combustion engine tehcnology („Dieselgate scandal”), development of new technology is fast forward toward electric vehicles.The biggest automotive corporations plans dominant fleet electrification in the next 10 years. However, sudden share increase of the electric vehicles in the traffic flow can lead to the capacity overcoming of the electricity grid network, or the issue of the "ecological footprint" of such a trend. In this paper, the overall environmental impact (so-called Well-to-Wheel analysis) of the increasing number of electric vehicles was analysed. Comparison analysis of vehicles equipped with internal combustion egines and electric vehicles showed the absence of Greenhouse Gass emisson reduction in countries with low percentage of electricity gained from renewable energy sources. Well-to-Wheel analysis was also conducted for several scenarios of electric vehicles participation in traffic flow in Republic of Serbia i.e their influence on electricity grid network and its emission.

Forecasting the Impact of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Penetration on Ontario’s Electricity Grid

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Ahmadi ◽  
Woramon Unbangluang ◽  
Eric Croiset ◽  
Ali Elkamel ◽  
Peter L. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Base Load

Vehicle emissions are a major concern in the development of new automobiles. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have a large potential to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and increase fuel economy and fuel flexibility. PHEVs are propelled by the energy from both gasoline and electric power sources. Penetration of PHEVs into the automobile market affects the electrical grid and increasing the electricity demand has not been fully investigated. This paper studies effects of the wide spread adoption of PHEVs on peak and base load demands in Ontario, Canada. Long-term forecasting models of peak and base load demands and the number of light-duty vehicles sold are developed. To create proper forecasting models, both linear regression (LR) and non-linear regression (NLR) techniques are employed, considering different ranges in the demographic, climate and economic variables. The results from the LR and NLR models (LRM and NLRM) are compared and the most accurate one is selected. Furthermore, forecasting the effects of PHEVs penetration is done through consideration of various scenarios of penetration levels, such as mild, normal and aggressive ones. Finally, the additional electricity demand on the Ontario electricity grid from charging PHEVs is incorporated for electricity production planning purposes.

scholarly journals Automotive Lightweight Design: Simulation Modeling of Mass-Related Consumption for Electric Vehicles

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Del Pero ◽  
Lorenzo Berzi ◽  
Andrea Antonacci ◽  
Massimo Delogu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Impact

A thorough assessment of Life-Cycle effects involved by vehicle lightweighting needs a rigorous evaluation of mass-induced consumption, on which energy and sustainability benefits during use stage directly depend. The paper proposes an analytical calculation procedure to estimate the weight-related energy consumption of pure Electric Vehicles (EVs), since existing literature leaves considerable room for improvement regarding this research area. The correlation between consumption and mass is expressed through the Energy Reduction Value (ERV) coefficient, which quantifies the specific consumption saving achievable through 100 kg mass reduction. The ERV is estimated for a number of heterogeneous case studies derived from real 2019 European market EV models and according to three drive cycles, to consider different driving behaviors. For the case studies under consideration, ERV ranges from 0.47 to 1.17 kWh/(100 km × 100 kg), with the variability mainly depending on vehicle size and driving cycle. Given the high uncertainty of mass-related consumption on car size, an analytical method is refined to estimate accurately the ERV for any real-world EV model, starting from vehicle technical features. Along with energy assessment, the research also evaluates the environmental implications of lightweight design by means of the Impact Reduction Value (IRV), which is estimated for three distinct electricity grid mixes. Finally, the ERV/IRV modeling approach is applied to a series of comparative lightweight case studies taken from the literature. Such an application demonstrates the effective utility of the work to reduce the uncertainty for all cases where no physical tests or computer-aided simulations are available.

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