The occurrence and removal of selected pharmaceutical compounds in a sewage treatment works utilising activated sludge treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A.H. Jones ◽  
N. Voulvoulis ◽  
J.N. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Sludge Treatment

Behaviour of Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Surfactants and of Nitrilotriacetate in Sewage Treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Giger ◽  
M. Ahel ◽  
M. Koch ◽  
H. U. Laubscher ◽  
C. Schaffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Effluents and sludges from several municipal sewage treatment plants in Switzerland were analyzed for nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, n=3-20), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylate (NPlEO, NP2EO), corresponding nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids (NP1EC, NP2EC) and nonylphenol (NP). These chemicals derive from nonionic surfactants of the NPnEO-type, and specific analitical techniques were used to study their behaviour during mechanical-biological sewage and subsequent sludge treatment. The parent NPnEO-surfactants, with concentrations in raw and mechanically treated sewage from 400-2200 mg/m3, were relatively efficiently removed by the activated sludge treatment. The abundances of the different metabolites varied depending on treatment conditions. The refractory nature of NPl/2EO, NP and NPl/2EC was recognized. Both biotransformations and physico-chemical processes determine the behaviour and fate of nonylphenolic substances in sewage treatment. Nitrilotriacetate (NTA) was found in primary effluents at concentrations between 430 and 1390 mg/m3. The various treatment plants showed different removal efficiencies for NTA depending on the operating conditions. Activated sludge treatment with low sludge loading rates and nitrifying conditions removed NTA with efficiencies between 95 and 99%. High sludge loading caused a decrease in NTA removal efficiencies from 70% to 39%.

The Transformation of Heavy Metal Be in Activated Sludge Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiu Lian Zhu ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Sludge Treatment

Municipalsludge is refers to the product of sewage treatment plant, facing the huge number of municipalsludge, the disposal of the municipalsludge has aroused wide attention of all countries. Many studies consider that urban land use of the municipalsludge is the most effective method, However heavy metal accumulats in the sludge and the environment of the risk with agricultural appears day after day.The purpose of this study is: analysis the transfermation of heavy metals in the activated sludge system of various structures. put forward the solution of reducing heavy metal exceeded in the activated sludge treatment process.It appears that the coagulation can make colloid stabilized and sedimentation, can control the input of the heavy metal effectively; Adsorption of activated sludge to heavy metal is very fast, in 30 min basic reached adsorption balance, probably 80% or more;The change from oxygen to aerobic have great influence on Heavy metal biological adsorption;An aerobic digestion processes can reduce the volume and quality of sludge, but there is no enrichment role to heavy metal in sludge.

Occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater and their fate in biological treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloepfer ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
M. Jekel ◽  
T. Reemtsma
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
The Individual

A number of 2-substituted benzothiazoles that are known to be used as fungicides, corrosion inhibitors and vulcanization accelerators in industry have been analyzed in municipal wastewater and the effluents of activated sludge and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment over a three month period. All six analytes were regularly detected in the municipal wastewater by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and amount to a total concentration of 3.4 μg/L. Of these compounds benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (1,700 ng/L), benzothiazole (850 ng/L) and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (500 ng/L) were most prominent. The source of the benzothiazole emission is yet unknown. Activated sludge treatment did not reduce total benzothiazole concentration significantly. Removals of the individual compounds ranged from 90% for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 70% for hydroxybenzothiazole to 40% for benzothiazole. The concentration of benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid increased by 20%, whereas 2-methylthiobenzothiazole increased by 160% during activated sludge treatment, likely due to the methylation of mercaptobenzothiazole. Total benzothiazole removal in two parallely operated MBRs was significantly better (43%) than in the conventional activated sludge treatment. Namely benzothiazole and benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid were more effectively removed. This first systematic study on the occurrence of benzothiazoles in municipal wastewater has shown that this is a relevant class of trace contaminants in municipal wastewater which is only incompletely removed in biological wastewater treatment. Emission from sewage treatment is dominated by the most polar benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid. MBR treatment may reduce but cannot avoid this emission.

A Study on Application of the Technology for Activated Sludge Reducing

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Physical Chemical

Activated sludge process is the most widely used technology in sewage bioremediation up to now. However, there is also a serious problem with this technology, that is, a great amount of sludge will be left over. In view of this situation, a study has been carried out through the domestic activated technology for sludge treatment and also research on the effective sludge treatment. They made use of the microbial decomposition to decompose the oxide by using the means of physical, chemical, biological, etc. to minimize the effluent from the sewage treatment plant and thus, reduced the amount of sludge produced.

The Behaviour of Chlorinated Organics during Activated Sludge Treatment and Anaerobic Digestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. W. Kirk ◽  
J. N. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Chlorinated Organic ◽  
Rapid Removal

An activated sludge pilot plant was operated at 4,6 and 9d sludge ages with influent settled sewage from a full scale treatment works. The behaviour of the chlorinated organic micropollutants was examined at their background levels in sewage and significant removal was seen for dieldrin, Y-HCH, DDE, PCB and 2,4-DCPol at all sludge ages. Dieldrin, Y-HCH, DDE PCB, 2,4,5-TCPol, 2,4,6-TCPol and 2,4-DCPol were found to associate with activated sludge solids. 2,4-DCPol and 4-C-2MPol were found to be biologically degraded. Mixed primary sludge from the same sewage treatment works was incubated anaerobically with and without azide addition to prevent biological activity. Rapid removal of Y-HCH was concluded to be due to chemical degradation, while biological activity was concluded to be the mechanism for the removals of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,6-TCPol and 2,3,4,6-TeCPol. Statistically significant increases were observed for 2,3,4,6-TeCPol in azide treated incubations and for 2,4,5-TCPol and 2,4-DCPol in both treated and untreated anaerobic sludges.

A Study on Application of the Technology for Activated Sludge Reducing

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Physical Chemical

Activated sludge process is the most widely used technology in sewage bioremediation up to now. However, there is also a serious problem with this technology, that is, a great amount of sludge will be left over. In view of this situation, a study has been carried out through the domestic activated technology for sludge treatment and also research on the effective sludge treatment. They made use of the microbial decomposition to decompose the oxide by using the means of physical, chemical, biological, etc. to minimize the effluent from the sewage treatment plant and thus, reduced the amount of sludge produced.

Virus Inactivation in Water Supplies

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Ann H. Vajdic
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Origin

Abstract A great deal of evidence has been collected over the last decade or so (Clarke & Kabler (1964) & Lamb et al (1964)), indicating that current methods of sewage and water treatment are largely inadequate to cause inactivation of viruses; these viruses would comprise mainly those of human intestinal origin. For example, Sproul and his co-workers (1967) have calculated that wastewaters can contain seven thousand viruses per litre; if a 90% reduction is assumed to occur during activated sludge treatment and a further 99% reduction upon chlorination, there could still remain as many as seven to seventy viruses per litre in plant effluent, which level is hazardous. Other forms of sewage treatment which may be employed, such as lagooning (Malherbe and Coetzee (1965)), are even less efficient with respect to virus inactivation.

Feasibility Study on the Concentration of Miscible Liquid in Aeration Tank Used by CAF Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 754-758
Author(s):  
Xiao Tao Guan ◽  
Feng Ping Hu ◽  
Lin Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Urban Sewage

The Cavitation Air Flotation (CAF) process has been widely applied to the pretreatment of industrial wastewater and urban sewage. However, it has not been applied in the sludge treatment yet. In this paper, Nanchang Chaoyangzhou Sewage Treatment Plant is taken as the example that the CAF process is introduced to the concentration of miscible liquid in the aeration tank in urban sewage treatment plants. According to the optimization of the sludge conditioning agent and the study on the concentration of the miscible liquid in the aeration tank, it is concluded that CAF can be used to concentrate the leftover activated sludge in urban sewage treatment plant, especially that with low density.

Removal and inactivation of cryptosporidium oocysts by activated sludge treatment and anaerobic digestion

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Stadterman ◽  
A. M. Sninsky ◽  
J. L. Sykora ◽  
W. Jakubowskii
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Secondary Effluents ◽  
Immunofluorescent Technique ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts

To determine the fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts during wastewater treatment, a model of an activated sludge treatment plant was designed with a flow of 17 ml/min and a detention time of 6 hours. Samples of raw sewage were seeded with oocysts and primary and secondary effluents were analyzed for C. parvum using an immunofluorescent technique. To compare removal efficiencies of oocysts by various wastewater treatment processes, raw sewage, activated sludge, trickling filter and biodisc effluents were seeded with oocysts and settled for 2 hr and for the respective detention times. Sludge produced by a wastewater treatment plant and anaerobically digested at 37° C in a laboratory digester was also seeded with C. parvum oocysts. Oocyst inactivation was measured by excystation and direct counts. Removal of oocysts in primary and secondary sedimentation averaged 83.4% and 90.7% respectively. The total oocyst removal in sewage treatment averaged 98.6%. In comparison with other treatment processes, activated sludge had the maximum oocyst removal efficiency at 92%. The anaerobic digestion process inactivated 90% of the oocysts within four hours of exposure. 99.9% of the oocysts were eliminated by anaerobic digestion after 24 hours. This demonstrates that the activated sludge process and anaerobic digestion can be effective for the removal and inactivation of C. parvum oocysts.

Combined ozone-activated sludge treatment of landfill leachate

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Geenens ◽  
B. Bixio ◽  
C. Thoeye
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Pilot Testing ◽  
Pre Treatment

Biological treatment is widely preferred by many landfill owners to remove the bulk of the pollutants in leachate. Specific problems due to toxicity and nutrient deficiencies are however frequently reported. This study investigates the possibility of pre-treating leachate to decrease its toxicity and increase its biodegradability, using ozonation. Lab-scale and pilot testing has shown that nitrification toxicity was minimised by ozone pre-treatment. A decrease of the COD/BOD-ratio from 16 to 6 was achieved, making the pre-treated leachate co-treatable in municipal sewage treatment. The operational cost for the pre-treatment was estimated at 1.34 Euro/kg COD.

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