Spatial variability of on-bicycle black carbon concentrations in the megacity of São Paulo: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admir Créso Targino ◽  
Patricia Krecl ◽  
João Edson Danziger Filho ◽  
Julián Felipe Segura ◽  
Mark David Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

scholarly journals Use of doxycycline for leptospirosis after high-risk exposure in São Paulo, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R. GONSALEZ ◽  
Jorge CASSEB ◽  
Francisco G. V. MONTEIRO ◽  
João B. PAULA-NETO ◽  
Rufino B. FERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A clinical trial pilot study, double-blinded, randomized, and controlled with a placebo to assess the effectiveness of oral doxycycline (200 mg, single dose) in preventing leptospirosis after high exposure to potentially contamined water was performed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Confirmed cases were defined as those with leptospira IgM antibody and symptoms; asymptomatic cases were those presenting with IgM antibodies but no symptoms; and suspected cases were individuals with symptoms but no IgM antibody. Forty subjects were given doxycycline and 42 were given placebo. In the drug-treated group there were 2 confirmed cases, 11 asymptomatic cases, and 6 suspected cases. In the placebo group there were 5 confirmed, 6 symptomatic, and 5 suspected cases. Even though we found a protective association of doxycycline for confirmed leptospirosis cases (RR = 2.3) and seroconversion only (RR = 2.0), the association was not statistically significant because of the small number of individuals enrolled in this pilot study. We observed that the 22% of the volunteers already had IgM antibodies to leptospirosis at the first sampling. Finally, the attack rate to confirmed, asymptomatic, and suspected cases of Leptospirosis was 8.5%, 22%, and 13%, respectively, in this population.

scholarly journals Hidrogeochemical comparative study of the Jaú and Jacaré-Guaçu River watersheds, São Paulo, Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. G. de SOUZA ◽  
J. G. TUNDISI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Oxygenated Water

The main subject of the present work was to carry out a hydrochemistry comparative study between two river basins in São Paulo State: the Jacaré-Guaçu Basin (21°37'-22°22'S and 47°43'-48°57'W) and the Jaú Basin (22°09'-22°28'S and 48°16'-48°47'W). Nine sampling points in the Jacaré-Guaçu River and eight in the Jaú River were established. The water sampling was performed once each two months from March/95 to September/95. The following variables were analyzed: temperature (°C), pH, conductivity (muScm--1), dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and ionic water composition. Comparatively the Jaú River showed higher spatial variability, less oxygenated water and higher mineralization, due to high pedological and geological substrate richness, point sources existence and less riparian forests. The Jacaré-Guaçu River showed less spatial variability, more oxygenated water with lower ionic concentration due to the lower geological and pedological watershed richness, absence of pollution from point sources and higher riparian forest protection.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Noronha Dutra Ribeiro ◽  
Delhi Teresa Paiva Salinas ◽  
Jacyra Soares ◽  
Amauri Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Regina Maura de Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Two Peaks

The Environmental Agency of Sao Paulo has a large dataset of carbon monoxide measurements: 20 years of records in 18 automatic stations inside the metropolitan area. However, a thorough investigation on the time evolution of CO concentration tendency and cycles also considering spatial variability is lacking. The investigation consists of a trend line analysis, a periodogram analysis, a correlation between CO concentration and meteorological variables, and spatial distribution of CO concentration. Local and federal policies helped in decreasing CO concentrations and the highest decreasing rate was 0.7% per month. This tendency is lately stabilizing, since the vehicles fleet is increasing. CO most relevant cycles are annual and diurnal and a few series indicate a weekly cycle. Diurnal cycle shows two peaks, morning and evening rush hours, 1.2 and 1.1 ppm, respectively, in 2012. However, lately there is an extended evening peak (20 h to 23 h), related to changes in emission patterns. The spatial analysis showed that CO concentration has high spatial variability and is influenced by proximity to heavy traffic and vegetated areas. The present work indicates that several processes affect CO concentration and these results form a valuable basis for other studies involving air quality modeling, mitigation, and urban planning.

scholarly journals Aplicabilidade da classificação das intervenções e atividades de nutrição clínica em unidade hospitalar: estudo piloto/ Applicability of the clinical nutrition interventions classification and activities in a hospital unit: pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Gaidzinski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Nutrition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Hospital Unit

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de uma classificação de intervenções/atividades executadas por nutricionistas no ambiente hospitalar e descrever o processo de trabalho destes profissionais. Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital público, no município de São Paulo. Participaram duas nutricionistas da unidade de internação cirúrgica. O instrumento aplicado contemplava o elenco de intervenções/atividades desenvolvidas pelos nutricionistas no Brasil. O tempo despendido pelos nutricionistas foi obtido pela observação direta e contínua das intervenções/atividades realizadas durante jornada de trabalho, por meio da técnica de tempo e movimento. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. O instrumento testado permitiu identificar todas as intervenções/atividades realizadas pelos nutricionistas, sem necessidade de alteração. Foram observadas 68,8% (22) intervenções/atividades.  O tempo total observado correspondeu 1920 minutos. As nutricionistas despenderam a maior parte do tempo de trabalho em intervenções de cuidados diretos e indiretos (1406 minutos; 55,9%), espera (358 minutos; 18,6%), atividades pessoais (206,4 minutos; 10,8%) e deslocamento (205,4 minutos; 10,7%). O uso desse instrumento mostrou potencial para ser aplicado em unidades hospitalares brasileiras e forneceu dados preliminares sobre a prática profissional dos nutricionistas observados.

Salivary antibody detection in epidemiological surveys: a pilot study after a mass vaccination campaign against rubella in São Paulo, Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymundo Scares de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Alison Richards ◽  
David James Nokes ◽  
Ana Silvia Barreiros Silveira ◽  
Bernard John Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Relationship between black carbon (BC) and heavy traffic in São Paulo, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 84-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maura de Miranda ◽  
Pedro Jose Perez-Martinez ◽  
Maria de Fatima Andrade ◽  
Flavia Noronha Dutra Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Co-Occurrence in Milks and Exposure Estimation: A Pilot Study in São Paulo, Brazil

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Matheus Frey ◽  
Roice Rosim ◽  
Carlos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Exposure

The aim of this study was to conduct a first evaluation on the co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) M1, B1, B2, G1 and G2; fumonisins (F) B1 and B2; deoxynivalenol (DON); de-epoxydeoxinivalenol (DOM-1); ochratoxin A (OTA); zearalenone (ZEN); α-zearalenol (α-ZEL); and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) in 68 samples of fluid milk consumed in Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. The probable daily intake (PDI) was also calculated for each mycotoxin evaluated. Mycotoxins were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sixty-two (91.2%) samples contained at least one type of mycotoxin. AFM1 was found in 6 samples (8.8%), and none of them presented concentrations above the Brazilian maximum permitted level in milk (500 ng/L). Low levels of non-regulated mycotoxins DOM-1, OTA, FB1, FB2, α-ZEL and β-ZEL were found in 6 (8.8%), 17 (25%), 10 (14.7%), 3 (4.4%), 39 (57.4%) and 28 (41.2%) samples of milk, respectively. None of the PDIs calculated for the quantified mycotoxins were above recommended values, indicating low exposure through milk consumption in the area studied. However, 21 samples (30.9%) contained 2–4 types of mycotoxins, which warrants concern about the potential adverse effects of mycotoxin mixtures in milks.

scholarly journals Use of a Mobile Phone App to Treat Depression Comorbid With Hypertension or Diabetes: A Pilot Study in Brazil and Peru

10.2196/11698 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e11698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Menezes ◽  
Julieta Quayle ◽  
Heloísa Garcia Claro ◽  
Simone da Silva ◽  
Lena R Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Physical Disorders

Background Depression is underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary health care. When associated with chronic physical disorders, it worsens outcomes. There is a clear gap in the treatment of depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where specialists and funds are scarce. Interventions supported by mobile health (mHealth) technologies may help to reduce this gap. Mobile phones are widely used in LMICs, offering potentially feasible and affordable alternatives for the management of depression among individuals with chronic disorders. Objective This study aimed to explore the potential effectiveness of an mHealth intervention to help people with depressive symptoms and comorbid hypertension or diabetes and explore the feasibility of conducting large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Emotional Control (CONEMO) is a low-intensity psychoeducational 6-week intervention delivered via mobile phones and assisted by a nurse for reducing depressive symptoms among individuals with diabetes or hypertension. CONEMO was tested in 3 pilot studies, 1 in São Paulo, Brazil, and 2 in Lima, Peru. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at enrollment and at 6-week follow-up. Results The 3 pilot studies included a total of 66 people. Most participants were females aged between 41 and 60 years. There was a reduction in depressive symptoms as measured by PHQ-9 in all pilot studies. In total, 58% (38/66) of the participants reached treatment success rate (PHQ-9 <10), with 62% (13/21) from São Paulo, 62% (13/21) from the first Lima pilot, and 50% (12/24) from the second Lima pilot study. The intervention, the app, and the support offered by the nurse and nurse assistants were well received by participants in both settings. Conclusions The intervention was feasible in both settings. Clinical data suggested that CONEMO may help in decreasing participants’ depressive symptoms. The findings also indicated that it was possible to conduct RCTs in these settings.

scholarly journals Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in São Paulo State, Brazil: a pilot study

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rodrigues ◽  
P.K.R. Magalhaes ◽  
M.I.M. Fernandes ◽  
C.S. Gabetta ◽  
A.F. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Neonatal Screening ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State
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