scholarly journals Use of doxycycline for leptospirosis after high-risk exposure in São Paulo, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R. GONSALEZ ◽  
Jorge CASSEB ◽  
Francisco G. V. MONTEIRO ◽  
João B. PAULA-NETO ◽  
Rufino B. FERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A clinical trial pilot study, double-blinded, randomized, and controlled with a placebo to assess the effectiveness of oral doxycycline (200 mg, single dose) in preventing leptospirosis after high exposure to potentially contamined water was performed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Confirmed cases were defined as those with leptospira IgM antibody and symptoms; asymptomatic cases were those presenting with IgM antibodies but no symptoms; and suspected cases were individuals with symptoms but no IgM antibody. Forty subjects were given doxycycline and 42 were given placebo. In the drug-treated group there were 2 confirmed cases, 11 asymptomatic cases, and 6 suspected cases. In the placebo group there were 5 confirmed, 6 symptomatic, and 5 suspected cases. Even though we found a protective association of doxycycline for confirmed leptospirosis cases (RR = 2.3) and seroconversion only (RR = 2.0), the association was not statistically significant because of the small number of individuals enrolled in this pilot study. We observed that the 22% of the volunteers already had IgM antibodies to leptospirosis at the first sampling. Finally, the attack rate to confirmed, asymptomatic, and suspected cases of Leptospirosis was 8.5%, 22%, and 13%, respectively, in this population.

scholarly journals Aplicabilidade da classificação das intervenções e atividades de nutrição clínica em unidade hospitalar: estudo piloto/ Applicability of the clinical nutrition interventions classification and activities in a hospital unit: pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Gaidzinski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Nutrition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Hospital Unit

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de uma classificação de intervenções/atividades executadas por nutricionistas no ambiente hospitalar e descrever o processo de trabalho destes profissionais. Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital público, no município de São Paulo. Participaram duas nutricionistas da unidade de internação cirúrgica. O instrumento aplicado contemplava o elenco de intervenções/atividades desenvolvidas pelos nutricionistas no Brasil. O tempo despendido pelos nutricionistas foi obtido pela observação direta e contínua das intervenções/atividades realizadas durante jornada de trabalho, por meio da técnica de tempo e movimento. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. O instrumento testado permitiu identificar todas as intervenções/atividades realizadas pelos nutricionistas, sem necessidade de alteração. Foram observadas 68,8% (22) intervenções/atividades.  O tempo total observado correspondeu 1920 minutos. As nutricionistas despenderam a maior parte do tempo de trabalho em intervenções de cuidados diretos e indiretos (1406 minutos; 55,9%), espera (358 minutos; 18,6%), atividades pessoais (206,4 minutos; 10,8%) e deslocamento (205,4 minutos; 10,7%). O uso desse instrumento mostrou potencial para ser aplicado em unidades hospitalares brasileiras e forneceu dados preliminares sobre a prática profissional dos nutricionistas observados.

scholarly journals Ichthyofauna of the Una river in the Paraíba do Sul Paulista River Valley, Southeastern of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Rodrigues Honorio ◽  
Itamar Alves Martins
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
River Valley ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Fyke Nets ◽  
Paraíba Do Sul River

Abstract: This study focus on an inventory of the ichthyofauna of the Una river, a tributary of the Paraíba do Sul river, located in the region of Paraíba do Sul River Valley, in the State of São Paulo. Sampling was carried out in three sampling areas along the channel of the Una river between April 2016 and March 2017. For the collection of fish specimens, was used angling, fyke nets, cast nets, dragnets and hand nets. A total of 1.534 specimens were collected, which corresponds to five different orders, 14 families, 26 genera and thirty species. The study revealed that the most significant number of reported species are from the orders Siluriformes and Characiformes. The Characidae family was the most representative concerning the wealth of species and Astyanax aff. bimaculatus (two spot Astyanax | lambari-do-rabo-amarelo) was the species with the highest number of individuals captured. The freshwater ichthyofauna of the Una river is composed of eight species considered allochthonous and one exotic. Of the thirty species listed in this study, five are new records for the Paraíba do Sul river basin.

Salivary antibody detection in epidemiological surveys: a pilot study after a mass vaccination campaign against rubella in São Paulo, Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymundo Scares de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Alison Richards ◽  
David James Nokes ◽  
Ana Silvia Barreiros Silveira ◽  
Bernard John Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

scholarly journals IgM antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni gut-associated antigens for the study of schistosomiasis transmission in Ribeirão Pires, São Paulo

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera LF Camargo-Neves ◽  
Herminia Y Kanamura ◽  
Sylvia AG Vellosa ◽  
Cybele Gargioni ◽  
Luiz Candido S Dias
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Igm Antibodies

scholarly journals Biological characteristics of Trichogramma maxacalii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Oliveira ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio ◽  
D. Pratissoli ◽  
M. C. Picanço
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Factitious Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Two Populations

Individuals of two populations of Trichogramma maxacalii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were collected from eggs of Euselasia apisaon (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a lepidopteran defoliator of Eucalyptus, in plantations in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. This study investigated the sex ratio, number of parasitoids per egg, and longevity of individuals of these two populations of T. maxacalii, when this parasitoid was reared receiving eggs of the factitious host Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in different periods after emergence, and with or without honey. Sex ratio of T. maxacalii varied from 0.44 to 0.60, and was affected by the interaction between populations, availability of food (honey), and length of time in which the parasitoid stayed without host eggs after their emergence. The population of T. maxacalii collected in São Paulo produced a larger number of individuals per egg of the host A. kuehniella and lived longer when fed.

scholarly journals Diversity and dynamics of populations of mites in nectarine trees (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) (Rosaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Berton Baldo ◽  
Adalton Raga ◽  
Jeferson Luiz de Carvalho Mineiro ◽  
Jairo Lopez de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
International Literature ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

The international literature does not provide much information about the incidence of species of mites in nectarine cultivars. The purpose of the present study was to determine diversity and dynamics of populations of mites and their interactions in different nectarine cultivars in the southwestern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. These mites were split into 15 families, 22 genders and 28 species. <em>Aculus fockeui </em>(Nalepa &amp; Trouessant) (Eriophyidae) was the most abundant species, with 90.2 % of the mites collected. The populations of <em>A. fockeui</em> displayed specific periods with greater number of individuals. Phytoseiidae showed the highest richness of species. <em>Ricoseius loxocheles</em> (De Leon) and <em>Euseius ho</em> (De Leon) were the most abundant predators. <em>Euseius ho </em>population showed a positive correlation with rainfall.

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Co-Occurrence in Milks and Exposure Estimation: A Pilot Study in São Paulo, Brazil

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Matheus Frey ◽  
Roice Rosim ◽  
Carlos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Exposure

The aim of this study was to conduct a first evaluation on the co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) M1, B1, B2, G1 and G2; fumonisins (F) B1 and B2; deoxynivalenol (DON); de-epoxydeoxinivalenol (DOM-1); ochratoxin A (OTA); zearalenone (ZEN); α-zearalenol (α-ZEL); and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) in 68 samples of fluid milk consumed in Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. The probable daily intake (PDI) was also calculated for each mycotoxin evaluated. Mycotoxins were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sixty-two (91.2%) samples contained at least one type of mycotoxin. AFM1 was found in 6 samples (8.8%), and none of them presented concentrations above the Brazilian maximum permitted level in milk (500 ng/L). Low levels of non-regulated mycotoxins DOM-1, OTA, FB1, FB2, α-ZEL and β-ZEL were found in 6 (8.8%), 17 (25%), 10 (14.7%), 3 (4.4%), 39 (57.4%) and 28 (41.2%) samples of milk, respectively. None of the PDIs calculated for the quantified mycotoxins were above recommended values, indicating low exposure through milk consumption in the area studied. However, 21 samples (30.9%) contained 2–4 types of mycotoxins, which warrants concern about the potential adverse effects of mycotoxin mixtures in milks.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Phytophagous Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in a pasture area at the Balsamo municipality, São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e928
Author(s):  
Flavio Terradas Menis ◽  
Sérgio Roberto Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Pasture areas have been decreasing over the years in Brazil, largely due to the expansion of agricultural areas, mainly in the Southeast region. Natural or planted pastures are subject to attack by insects that can become pests depending on their level of infestation and among them are the Scarabaeidae beetles. The scarce information on the species of this family existing in the region of Bálsamo (São Paulo) makes a study on the occurrence of these species necessary, thus generating data that can contribute to identification and information on possible existing pest species. During September 2018 to August 2019, collections of phytophagous Scarabaeidae species were done in pasture areas with a light trap. A total of 446 adults from the subfamilies Dynastinae, Melolonthinae and Rutelinae were collected. In Dynastinae the genera Bothynus, Coelosis, Cyclocephala, Chalepides and Actinobolus were collected, in Melolonthinae the genera Plectris and Liogenys and in Rutelinae the genera Anomala, Geniates, Leucothyreus, Lobogeniates, Byrsopolis and Trizogeniates were found. Among the species collected, some are described as pests in crops, including pastures, such as Liogenys suturalis Blanchard, which was the species that had the largest number of individuals during the collection period, being indicated as a species worthy of more detailed studies.

scholarly journals Use of a Mobile Phone App to Treat Depression Comorbid With Hypertension or Diabetes: A Pilot Study in Brazil and Peru

10.2196/11698 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e11698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Menezes ◽  
Julieta Quayle ◽  
Heloísa Garcia Claro ◽  
Simone da Silva ◽  
Lena R Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Physical Disorders

Background Depression is underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary health care. When associated with chronic physical disorders, it worsens outcomes. There is a clear gap in the treatment of depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where specialists and funds are scarce. Interventions supported by mobile health (mHealth) technologies may help to reduce this gap. Mobile phones are widely used in LMICs, offering potentially feasible and affordable alternatives for the management of depression among individuals with chronic disorders. Objective This study aimed to explore the potential effectiveness of an mHealth intervention to help people with depressive symptoms and comorbid hypertension or diabetes and explore the feasibility of conducting large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Emotional Control (CONEMO) is a low-intensity psychoeducational 6-week intervention delivered via mobile phones and assisted by a nurse for reducing depressive symptoms among individuals with diabetes or hypertension. CONEMO was tested in 3 pilot studies, 1 in São Paulo, Brazil, and 2 in Lima, Peru. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) at enrollment and at 6-week follow-up. Results The 3 pilot studies included a total of 66 people. Most participants were females aged between 41 and 60 years. There was a reduction in depressive symptoms as measured by PHQ-9 in all pilot studies. In total, 58% (38/66) of the participants reached treatment success rate (PHQ-9 <10), with 62% (13/21) from São Paulo, 62% (13/21) from the first Lima pilot, and 50% (12/24) from the second Lima pilot study. The intervention, the app, and the support offered by the nurse and nurse assistants were well received by participants in both settings. Conclusions The intervention was feasible in both settings. Clinical data suggested that CONEMO may help in decreasing participants’ depressive symptoms. The findings also indicated that it was possible to conduct RCTs in these settings.

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