scholarly journals Mycotoxin Co-Occurrence in Milks and Exposure Estimation: A Pilot Study in São Paulo, Brazil

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Matheus Frey ◽  
Roice Rosim ◽  
Carlos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Exposure Estimation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Exposure

The aim of this study was to conduct a first evaluation on the co-occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) M1, B1, B2, G1 and G2; fumonisins (F) B1 and B2; deoxynivalenol (DON); de-epoxydeoxinivalenol (DOM-1); ochratoxin A (OTA); zearalenone (ZEN); α-zearalenol (α-ZEL); and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) in 68 samples of fluid milk consumed in Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. The probable daily intake (PDI) was also calculated for each mycotoxin evaluated. Mycotoxins were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Sixty-two (91.2%) samples contained at least one type of mycotoxin. AFM1 was found in 6 samples (8.8%), and none of them presented concentrations above the Brazilian maximum permitted level in milk (500 ng/L). Low levels of non-regulated mycotoxins DOM-1, OTA, FB1, FB2, α-ZEL and β-ZEL were found in 6 (8.8%), 17 (25%), 10 (14.7%), 3 (4.4%), 39 (57.4%) and 28 (41.2%) samples of milk, respectively. None of the PDIs calculated for the quantified mycotoxins were above recommended values, indicating low exposure through milk consumption in the area studied. However, 21 samples (30.9%) contained 2–4 types of mycotoxins, which warrants concern about the potential adverse effects of mycotoxin mixtures in milks.

scholarly journals Use of doxycycline for leptospirosis after high-risk exposure in São Paulo, Brazil

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio R. GONSALEZ ◽  
Jorge CASSEB ◽  
Francisco G. V. MONTEIRO ◽  
João B. PAULA-NETO ◽  
Rufino B. FERNANDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Number Of Individuals

A clinical trial pilot study, double-blinded, randomized, and controlled with a placebo to assess the effectiveness of oral doxycycline (200 mg, single dose) in preventing leptospirosis after high exposure to potentially contamined water was performed in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Confirmed cases were defined as those with leptospira IgM antibody and symptoms; asymptomatic cases were those presenting with IgM antibodies but no symptoms; and suspected cases were individuals with symptoms but no IgM antibody. Forty subjects were given doxycycline and 42 were given placebo. In the drug-treated group there were 2 confirmed cases, 11 asymptomatic cases, and 6 suspected cases. In the placebo group there were 5 confirmed, 6 symptomatic, and 5 suspected cases. Even though we found a protective association of doxycycline for confirmed leptospirosis cases (RR = 2.3) and seroconversion only (RR = 2.0), the association was not statistically significant because of the small number of individuals enrolled in this pilot study. We observed that the 22% of the volunteers already had IgM antibodies to leptospirosis at the first sampling. Finally, the attack rate to confirmed, asymptomatic, and suspected cases of Leptospirosis was 8.5%, 22%, and 13%, respectively, in this population.

scholarly journals Aplicabilidade da classificação das intervenções e atividades de nutrição clínica em unidade hospitalar: estudo piloto/ Applicability of the clinical nutrition interventions classification and activities in a hospital unit: pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotilde Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Gaidzinski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Nutrition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Hospital Unit

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de uma classificação de intervenções/atividades executadas por nutricionistas no ambiente hospitalar e descrever o processo de trabalho destes profissionais. Pesquisa transversal, descritiva, observacional, realizada em um hospital público, no município de São Paulo. Participaram duas nutricionistas da unidade de internação cirúrgica. O instrumento aplicado contemplava o elenco de intervenções/atividades desenvolvidas pelos nutricionistas no Brasil. O tempo despendido pelos nutricionistas foi obtido pela observação direta e contínua das intervenções/atividades realizadas durante jornada de trabalho, por meio da técnica de tempo e movimento. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. O instrumento testado permitiu identificar todas as intervenções/atividades realizadas pelos nutricionistas, sem necessidade de alteração. Foram observadas 68,8% (22) intervenções/atividades.  O tempo total observado correspondeu 1920 minutos. As nutricionistas despenderam a maior parte do tempo de trabalho em intervenções de cuidados diretos e indiretos (1406 minutos; 55,9%), espera (358 minutos; 18,6%), atividades pessoais (206,4 minutos; 10,8%) e deslocamento (205,4 minutos; 10,7%). O uso desse instrumento mostrou potencial para ser aplicado em unidades hospitalares brasileiras e forneceu dados preliminares sobre a prática profissional dos nutricionistas observados.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pollution of Phthalates in Pork and Chicken in Taiwan Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Health Risk

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Yang Tsai ◽  
Chang-Hsun Ho ◽  
Hong-You Chang ◽  
Wei-Cheng Yang ◽  
Chuen-Fu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Taiwanese Population ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that can cause endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, and carcinogenic effects and can contaminate food through various pathways. Investigations are scanty on phthalate pollution of livestock and poultry meat and their dietary exposure to humans. The present study assessed residual levels of phthalates in unpackaged pork (30 samples) and unpackaged chicken (30 samples) and their relevance to meat consumption and health risks in the Taiwanese population. Phthalate quantity was assessed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; the materials included diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-butyl phthalate. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) has established values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the five phthalates. The major compound detected was DEHP, which ranged from 0.62 to 0.80 mg/kg in two pork samples, and 0.42–0.45 mg/kg in three chicken samples. Collectively, 8.33% of the phthalate-residue-containing samples tested positive for DEHP. The concentrations of DEHP were lower than the screening value of 1.0 mg/kg, as defined by the TFDA. Health risk was calculated as the estimated daily intake (DI) for any likely adverse effects; the DI of DEHP residues was <1% of the TDI value. The estimated risk was insignificant and considered to be safe, indicating that there is no risk to the health of Taiwanese population due to meat consumption. However, it is suggested that a phthalate monitoring program in meat should be instituted for any possible effects in future on human health.

scholarly journals Pilot Study for the Standardization of Insulin Immunoassays with Isotope Dilution–Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodríguez-Cabaleiro ◽  
Katleen Van Uytfanghe ◽  
Veronique Stove ◽  
Tom Fiers ◽  
Linda M Thienpont
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Tandem Ms ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms

Abstract Background: An international working group convened by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) called for a reference measurement procedure for use in a trueness-based standardization project of insulin immunoassays. In view of this demand, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the feasibility of such a standardization project with our isotope dilution-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/tandem MS) procedure. Methods: We evaluated the precision, accuracy, and limit of quantification (LoQ) of the ID-LC/tandem MS procedure by use of insulin-free serum supplemented with insulin to give 3 pools with concentrations of 0.0796, 0.769, and 5.56 μg/L. We conducted a pilot method comparison study with 4 immunoassays and 80 samples from fasting and glucose-stimulated patients. Results: The within-run and total imprecision (CV) ranged from 3.2% to 6.3% and from 4.9% to 12.1% (listing sequence from the high to the low pool). The recovery from supplemented insulin-free sera ranged from 101.8% to 104.1%, and the LoQ was 0.07 μg/L (12 pmol/L). Weighted Deming regression and correlation analysis of the method-comparison data showed considerable between-assay variation for the immunoassays but, with the exception of one assay, excellent correlation with ID-LC/tandem MS. Recalibration of the immunoassay results considerably reduced the between-assay variation. Moreover, after recalibration, 3 of the 4 assays fulfilled the total error specification of 32% proposed by the ADA Workgroup. Conclusions: Recalibration of insulin assays by regression equations established from method comparison with ID-LC/tandem MS can result in successful standardization and fulfillment of the total error criterion proposed by the ADA Workgroup.

Salivary antibody detection in epidemiological surveys: a pilot study after a mass vaccination campaign against rubella in São Paulo, Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymundo Scares de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Alison Richards ◽  
David James Nokes ◽  
Ana Silvia Barreiros Silveira ◽  
Bernard John Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Confirmatory Method for Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Milk, Honey, Poultry Meat and Fish by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Alkan ◽  
Arzu Kotan ◽  
Nurullah Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Nitrofuran Metabolites

AbstractIn this study we have devoloped and validated a confirmatory analysis method for nitrofuran metabolites, which is in accordance with European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Nitrofuran metabolites in honey, milk, poultry meat and fish samples were acidic hydrolised followed by derivatisation with nitrobenzaldehyde and liquid-liquid extracted with ethylacetate. The quantitative and confirmative determination of nitrofuran metbolites was performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode. In-house method validation was performed and reported data of validation (specificity, linearity, recovery, CCα and CCβ). The advantage of this method is that it avoids the use of clean-up by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). Furthermore, low levels of nitrofuran metabolites are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a rapid rate in all samples.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Residue Determination in Potato and Soil Using Low Temperature Partition Extraction and Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongcheng Liu ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Jia Mao ◽  
Huan Lu ◽  
Dongshun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simple, accurate, and highly sensitive analytical method was developed for determining the paclobutrazol residue in potato and soil, the dynamics dissipation in soil. Extraction was carried out by low temperature partitioning and analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). For a favor extraction yield, the parameters such as temperature and solvent were optimized. The result showed that sample would be easily frozen and separated using acetonitrile under −20°C for 10 min. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 2 and 5 μg/kg for potato and soil, respectively. The influence of paclobutrazol residue in potato was evaluated. The possible contamination of paclobutrazol from surface can be rinsed by distilled water or peeled off, but the paclobutrazol in potato harvest comes mainly from absorption and transport, which could not be removed by peeling. The half-life of paclobutrazol in soil was 20.64 days, and the residue was below 0.22 mg/kg on 50th day after spraying. According to the risk assessment with Need Maximum Daily Intake (NEDI) and Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of paclobutrazol in potato was recommended as 1.0 mg/kg.

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