Effect of silver nanoparticles and chlorine reaction time on the regulated and emerging disinfection by-products formation

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) fiber probe provides abundant interaction area between light and materials, permits detection within limited space and is especially useful for remote or in situ detection. A silver decorated SERS fiber optic probe was prepared by hydrothermal method. This method manages to accomplish the growth of silver nanoparticles and its adherence on fiber optic tip within one step, simplifying the synthetic procedure. The effects of reaction time on phase composition, surface plasmon resonance property and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-VIS absorption spectrum) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that when reaction time is prolonged from 4–8 hours at 180 °C, crystals size and size distribution of silver nanoparticles increase. Furthermore, the morphology, crystal size and distribution density of silver nanoparticles evolve along with reaction time. A growth mechanism based on two factors, equilibrium between nucleation and growth, and the existence of PVP, is hypothesized. The SERS fiber probe can detect rhodamin 6G (R6G) at the concentration of 10−6 M. This SERS fiber probe exhibits promising potential in organic dye and pesticide residue detection.

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Shape and stability of silver nanoparticles and their dependence on the conditions of preparation.

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2012.173 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1371 ◽

Author(s):

M.I. Hernández-Castillo ◽

O. Zaca-Moran ◽

P. Zaca-Moran ◽

M. Rojas-López ◽

V.L. Gayou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Ag Nanoparticles ◽

Reduction Procedure ◽

Visible Spectrophotometry ◽

Logical Sequence ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Citrate Reduction ◽

Shape And Size

ABSTRACTBy using the citrate reduction procedure we have synthesized Ag nanoparticles, applying several conditions of preparation, being after characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Following a logical sequence, the starting experiment was realized varying the reaction time, after that it was varied the concentration of the reductor agent, and finally it was varied the volume of the reductor agent. According to this methodology, TEM measurements show that firstly we have nanostructures with different shape and size, whereas in the last part of the experiment we have Ag nanoparticles with homogeneous shape and size.

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Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Preparation of Conductive Ink

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010171 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Gui Bing Hong ◽

Yi Hua Luo ◽

Kai Jen Chuang ◽

Hsiu Yueh Cheng ◽

Kai Chau Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Ph Value ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Flexible Substrate ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Future Research ◽

Conductive Ink

In the scientific industry, sustainable nanotechnology has attracted great attention and has been successful in facilitating solutions to challenges presented in various fields. For the present work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a chemical reduction synthesis method. Then, a low-temperature sintering process was deployed to obtain an Ag-conductive ink preparation which could be applied to a flexible substrate. The size and shape of the AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments indicated that the size and agglomeration of the AgNPs could be well controlled by varying the reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value. The rate of nanoparticle generation was the highest when the reaction temperature was 100 °C within the 40 min reaction time, achieving the most satisfactorily dispersed nanoparticles and nanoballs with an average size of 60.25 nm at a pH value of 8. Moreover, the electrical resistivity of the obtained Ag-conductive ink is controllable, under the optimal sintering temperature and time (85 °C for 5 min), leading to an optimal electrical resistivity of 9.9 × 10−6 Ω cm. The results obtained in this study, considering AgNPs and Ag-conductive ink, may also be extended to other metals in future research.

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The Synthesis and Stability Study of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Using p-Aminobenzoic Acid as Reducing and Stabilizing Agent

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.29312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dian Susanthy ◽

Sri Juari Santosa ◽

Eko Sri Kunarti

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Tap Water ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Silver Nitrate Solution ◽

Stability Study ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Aminobenzoic Acid ◽

Stabilizing Agent

A study to examine the performance of p-aminobenzoic acid as both reducing agent for silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and stabilizing agent for the formed AgNPs has been done. The synthesis of AgNPs was performed by mixing silver nitrate solution as precursor with p-aminobenzoic acid solution and heating it in a boiling water bath. After the solution turned to yellow, the reaction stopped by cooling it in tap water. The formed AgNPs were analyzed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to evaluate their SPR absorption in wavelength range of 400–500 nm. The synthesis process was highly depend on the pH, reaction time, and mole ratios of the reactants. The synthesis only occur in pH 11 and at reaction time 30 min, the particle size of the formed AgNPs was 12 ± 7 nm. Longer reaction time increased the reducing performance of p-aminobenzoic acid in AgNPs synthesis but decreased its stabilizing performance. The increase of silver nitrate amount relative to p-aminobenzoic acid in the synthesis increased the reducing and stabilizing performance of p-aminobenzoic acid and the optimum mole ratio between AgNO3 and p-aminobenzoic acid was 5:100 (AgNO3 to p-aminobenzoic acid).

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Green and Rapid Synthesis of Anticancerous Silver Nanoparticles bySaccharomyces boulardiiand Insight into Mechanism of Nanoparticle Synthesis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/872940 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Abhishek Kaler ◽

Sanyog Jain ◽

Uttam Chand Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

X Rays ◽

Metallic Nanoparticle ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Rapidly developing field of nanobiotechnology dealing with metallic nanoparticle (MNP) synthesis is primarily lacking control over size, shape, dispersity, yield, and reaction time. Present work describes an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cell free extract (CFE) ofSaccharomyces boulardii. Parameters such as culture age (stationary phase growth), cell mass concentration (400 mg/mL), temperature (35°C), and reaction time (4 h), have been optimized to exercise a control over the yield of nanoparticles and their properties. Nanoparticle (NP) formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental composition by EDX (energy dispersive X-rays) analysis, and size and shape by transmission electron microscopy. Synthesized nanoparticles had the size range of 3–10 nm with high negative zeta potential (−31 mV) indicating excellent stability. Role of proteins/peptides in NP formation and their stability were also elucidated. Finally, anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles as compared to silver ions was determined on breast cancer cell lines.

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using supercritical water

Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences ◽

10.5564/bicct.v0i5.1069 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Buyankhishig B ◽

Narandalai B ◽

Enkhtuul S

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Supercritical Water ◽

Silver Salt ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Acetate Solution ◽

Silver Acetate

Supercritical water (SCW) technology is a relatively novel and green method compared with others for the synthesize of metal nanoparticles. It is considered one of the most suitable methods for loading nanoparticles in surface of porous materials due to the water in supercritical conditions has a high diffusivity, well dispersive and it has a same carrier characteristic as like a gas. Silver nanoparticles and silver loaded activated carbons were synthesized using silver acetate solution under supercritical water condition at 4000C and 31.15 MPa in a batch reactor. This study was investigated effect of operational parameters on the particle size of silver nanoparticles in particularly the concen-tration of silver salt solution and the reaction time. The experiments were carried out to test the silver salt concentra-tion at 0.01 M, 0.02 M, 0.05M, and the reaction time of 15 and 30 minutes. When the silver acetate concentration and reaction time increased agglomerations of silver particles were observed on the surface of activated carbons. The structure, morphology and particle size of synthesized products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scan-ning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Суперкртитик усан орчинд мөнгөний нанопартиклыг гарган авах Хураангуй: Суперкритик усны арга нь металлын нанопартикл гарган авах бусад аргуудтай харьцуулахад харьцангуй шинэ арга юм. Суперкритик нөхцөл дахь ус нь диффузийн коэффициент өндөртэй, тархалт сайтай, хийтэй адил зөөж тээвэрлэх шинж чанар үзүүлдэг тул сүвэрхэг материал дээр нанопартикл үүсгэхэд тохиромжтой аргуудын нэг гэж үздэг. Мөнгөний нанопартикл болон идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсэн дээр суулгасан мөнгөний нанопартиклыг суперкритик усны аргаар мөнгөний давсны усан уусмал хэрэглэн гарган авсан. Мөнгөний нанопартиклыг гарган авахад нөлөөлөх гол хүчин зүйлүүдэд хамаарах мөнгөний давсны уусмалын концентрац болон урвал явагдах хугацааны нөлөөг судалсан бөгөөд концентрацыг 0.01 М, 0.02 М ба 0.05 М, харин урвал явагдах хугацааг 15 ба 30 минут гэсэн нөхцөлүүдэд туршилтыг явуулсан. Урвал явагдах хугацаа болон мөнгөний давсны уусмалын концентрац ихсэхэд үүссэн мөнгөний жижиг хэсгүүдийн бөөгнөрөл илүү нэмэгдэж байсан. Гарган авсан материалуудын талст бүтэц, түүний хэмжээ болон морфологийн шинж чанарыг рентген дифрактометр (XRD), сканнинг электрон микроскоп (SEM) болон нэвтрүүлэлтийн электрон микроскоп (TEM) ашиглан тодорхойлсон. Түлхүүр үг: Суперкритик ус, мөнгөний нанопартикл, урвал явагдах хугацаа, уусмалын концентрац.

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Microdroplet Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Controlled Sizes

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10040274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 274 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tingting Hong ◽

Aijuan Lu ◽

Wenfang Liu ◽

Chuanpin Chen

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Localized Surface Plasmon ◽

Temperature Reaction ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Growth Approach

A method was developed to synthesize silver nanoparticles with controlled size and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) wavelength. In a microchip, droplets with high monodispersity and stability were produced. Using droplets as microreactors, seed-mediated growth approach was successfully applied for silver nanoparticles preparation. It was observed that nanoparticles size and LSPR wavelength could be optimized via adjusting synthesis conditions, such as droplets heating temperature, reaction time, and concentration of silver seeds and silver nitrate in aqueous phase. These results indicated that the proposed microdevices could provide a convenient and inexpensive approach for preparing nanoparticles with optimum properties.

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Phytochemical Synthesis and Preliminary Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hesperidin

Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1155/2013/126564 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anish Stephen ◽

Sankar Seethalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Size Range ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

This paper is the first of its kind for development of rapid and ecofriendly method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous solution of silver nitrate using the flavonoid “hesperidin” and optimization of the methodology. There is formation of stable spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 20–40 nm. Optimization of methodology in terms of concentration of reactants and pH of the reaction mixture reduced the reaction time for silver nanoparticle formation to 2 mins. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-vis spectroscopy derived spectrum demonstrated a peak of 430 nm which corresponds to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical shaped silver nanoparticles in the size range of 20–40 nm.

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Titanate Ceramics from Wet-Chemically Prepared Powders

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-346-231 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 346 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C.H. Lin ◽

T.S. Yan

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Size Composition ◽

Dissipation Factor ◽

Simple Method ◽

Chemically Reacting ◽

Titanate Ceramics ◽

Sintering Method ◽

By Products

ABSTRACTA simple method of producing very fine, homogeneous BaxSr1-xTiO3 powders was developed in this study by wet-chemically reacting Ti(0H)4-xH2O, Ba(OH)2, and Sr(OH)2 as raw materials under 100°C. Relationships were obtained between particle size, composition, and reaction temperatures, reaction tunes, Sr/Ba ratios, and (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of the solution.Experimental results indicated that the particle size, which was around 40 nm, was both proportional to the reaction temperature as well as independant of the reaction time. In light of the varying reactivities of Ba and Sr towards Ti, reaction time was found to be a primary factor which controls the precise Ba/Sr ratio and (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio of the titanate powder. A suitable reaction condition was observed to have prevented by-products Ba6Ti17O40 or Ba2Ti04 from being formed.The titanate powders were compressed and sintered for various temperatures. The compressibility and the sinterability of the powders were obtained. The microstrucure, dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the titanate ceramics ware observed and measured. These values sufficiently correlated with those of the titanate ceramics produced from the powders by the solid-state sintering method.

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Exploration of Chemical Oxidation of p-Cymene

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1132 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 1132-1137

Author(s):

Liang Wu Bi ◽

Qiu Ge Zhang ◽

Zhen Dong Zhao ◽

Da Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Acid Reaction ◽

By Products

The chemical oxidation of p-cymene was preliminarily studied by several oxidants. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were both influenced by the factors such as dosage of oxidant, dosage of sulphuric acid, reaction time, reaction temperature and solvent variety. The reasonable oxidation conditions were molar ratio of p-cymene to potassium permanganate 1:3, molar ratio of sulphuric acid to potassium permanganate 0.13:1, mixture of water and acetic acid (1:1, v/v) as solvent, reaction temperature 80 °C and reaction time 9 h. The conversion of p-cymene and selectivity of p-cymen-8-ol were respectively 92.21 % and 69.65 % in the reasonable oxidation conditions. The by-products of p-cymene oxidation mainly included p-iso-propyl benzoic acid, p-isopropyl benzaldehyde and p-methyl acetophenone.

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