Effects of different carbon sources on the efficiency of sulfur-oxidizing denitrifying microorganisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 111946
Author(s):  
Shuang Gao ◽  
Zhiling Li ◽  
Yanan Hou ◽  
Aijie Wang ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms

Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Hao ◽  
H. J. Doddema ◽  
J. W. van Groenestijn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Floc Structure ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms ◽  
Set Up

Poor denitrification in a Pasveeer oxidation ditch is attributed to a lack of carbon sources available in the anoxic zone as it is essential to maintain a high C/N ratio for denitrification. Influent of sewage directly into the anoxic zone is not useful to maintain a high C/N ratio. The adsorptive capacity of activated sludge can rapidly increase the C/N ratio. Similar to a contact-stabilization process, a contact tank can be combined with the Pasveer ditch; it provides contact time (zone) between raw sewage and return sludge before entering the ditch. In principle, insoluble organic substrate can be easily adsorbed onto the floc surfaces and enmeshed in the floc structure at a short retention time. After the contact, mixed influent is introduced into the anoxic zone. As a result, a high C/N ratio is obtained which enhances denitrification. Using this set up, the Pasveer ditch was operated. The experimental results show that the efficiency of denitrification has been enhanced from 45 to 83% for NO−3-N removal. The corresponding denitrification capacity of the sludge is increased by 240%. The contact tank has also the same principle as a ‘selector’ to control bulking sludge caused by filamentous bacteria. The SVI data and microscopic examination indicated improved settleability of the sludge. Further enhancement of denitrification needs an exact control of the dissolved oxygen level in the ditch and/or a concentration increase of denitrifying microorganisms.

scholarly journals Metagenomic insights into mixotrophic denitrification facilitated nitrogen removal in a full-scale A2/O wastewater treatment plant

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250283
Author(s):  
Shulei Liu ◽  
Yasong Chen ◽  
Lin Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Reduced Sulfur ◽  
Denitrification Process

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important for pollutant removal from wastewater, elimination of point discharges of nutrients into the environment and water resource protection. The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) process is widely used in WWTPs for nitrogen removal, but the requirement for additional organics to ensure a suitable nitrogen removal efficiency makes this process costly and energy consuming. In this study, we report mixotrophic denitrification at a low COD (chemical oxygen demand)/TN (total nitrogen) ratio in a full-scale A2/O WWTP with relatively high sulfate in the inlet. Nitrogen and sulfur species analysis in different units of this A2/O WWTP showed that the internal sulfur cycle of sulfate reduction and reoxidation occurred and that the reduced sulfur species might contribute to denitrification. Microbial community analysis revealed that Thiobacillus, an autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing denitrifier, dominated the activated sludge bacterial community. Metagenomics data also supported the potential of sulfur-based denitrification when high levels of denitrification occurred, and sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction genes coexisted in the activated sludge. Although most of the denitrification genes were affiliated with heterotrophic denitrifiers with high abundance, the narG and napA genes were mainly associated with autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing denitrifiers. The functional genes related to nitrogen removal were actively expressed even in the unit containing relatively highly reduced sulfur species, indicating that the mixotrophic denitrification process in A2/O could overcome not only a shortage of carbon sources but also the inhibition by reduced sulfur of nitrification and denitrification. Our results indicate that a mixotrophic denitrification process could be developed in full-scale WWTPs and reduce the requirement for additional carbon sources, which could endow WWTPs with more flexible and adaptable nitrogen removal.

scholarly journals Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic, facultatively heterotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium from Yellowstone National Park, and emended descriptions of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium, Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum and Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2263-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakagawa ◽  
Z. Shtaih ◽  
A. Banta ◽  
T. J. Beveridge ◽  
Y. Sako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A novel thermophilic, sulfur-oxidizing Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain SS-5T, was isolated from the Calcite Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA. The cells were motile rods (1·2–2·8 μm long and 0·6–0·8 μm wide). The new isolate was a facultative heterotroph capable of using elemental sulfur or thiosulfate as an electron donor and O2 (1–18 %; optimum 6 %, v/v) as an electron acceptor. Hydrogen did not support growth. The isolate grew autotrophically with CO2. In addition, strain SS-5T utilized various organic carbon sources such as yeast extract, tryptone, sugars, amino acids and organic acids. Growth was observed between 55 and 78 °C (optimum 70 °C; 3·5 h doubling time), pH 6·0 and 8·0 (optimum pH 7·5), and 0 and 0·6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 32 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate was a member of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium. On the basis of the physiological and molecular characteristics of the new isolate, we propose the name Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense sp. nov. with SS-5T (=JCM 12773T=OCM 840T) as the type strain. In addition, emended descriptions of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium, Sulfurihydrogenibium subterraneum and Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense are proposed.

Some Physiological Properties of Three Novel Fe(II)- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Strains Affiliated to Alicyclobacillus

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
C.Y. Jiang ◽  
Xu Guo ◽  
X.Y. You ◽  
Yan Yang Liu ◽  
S.J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

This study focused on the soils of sofataric region and acid mine drainage from a copper mine. Based on cultivation, 8 and 6 strains that grow on Fe(II) and sulfur compounds, respectively, were obtained from samples from these two environments. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes of the 14 strains indicated that they were affiliated to Acidithiobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Sulfobacillus and Leptospirillum. Physiological and phylogenetic studies indicated that three strains (TC-34, TC-71 and ZJ-6) might represent three novel members of Alicyclobacillus. These strains showed 94.8-97.1% 16S rRNA gene identity to other species of Alicyclobacillus. Otherwise, strain TC-34, TC-71 and ZJ-6 showed a range of phenotypic characteristics that differentiated them from previously recognized Alicyclobacillus species, including the growth temperature, assimilation of carbon sources and production of acids from a range of compounds. Chemoautotrophic growth using Fe2+, elemental sulfur and tetrathionate as sole energy source was observed. Especially strain TC-71 was obligately dependent on Fe(II) for growth and quickly oxidized Fe2+. It is concluded that the Fe(II)-oxidizers are metabolically diverse and represent novel Alicyclobacillus species. These are proposed to take part in biogeochemical cycling of iron and sulfur in the solfataric region and could be relevant for biomining.

scholarly journals Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2fixation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. B. Seah ◽  
Chakkiath Paul Antony ◽  
Bruno Huettel ◽  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Main Food Source

AbstractSince the discovery of symbioses between sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria and invertebrates at hydrothermal vents over 40 years ago, it has been assumed that autotrophic fixation of CO2by the symbionts drives these nutritional associations. In this study, we investigatedCandidatusKentron, the clade of symbionts hosted byKentrophoros, a diverse genus of ciliates which are found in marine coastal sediments around the world. Despite being the main food source for their hosts, Kentron lack the key canonical genes for any of the known pathways for autotrophic fixation, and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint unlike other thiotrophic symbionts from similar habitats. Our genomic and transcriptomic analyses instead found metabolic features consistent with growth on organic carbon, especially organic and amino acids, for which they have abundant uptake transporters. All known thiotrophic symbionts have converged on using reduced sulfur to generate energy lithotrophically, but they are diverse in their carbon sources. Some clades are obligate autotrophs, while many are mixotrophs that can supplement autotrophic carbon fixation with heterotrophic capabilities similar to those in Kentron. We have shown that Kentron are the only thiotrophic symbionts that appear to be entirely heterotrophic, unlike all other thiotrophic symbionts studied to date, which possess either the Calvin-Benson-Bassham or reverse tricarboxylic acid cycles for autotrophy.Significance StatementMany animals and protists depend on symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as their main food source. These bacteria use energy from oxidizing inorganic sulfur compounds to make biomass autotrophically from CO2, serving as primary producers for their hosts. Here we describe apparently non-autotrophic sulfur symbionts called Kentron, associated with marine ciliates. They lack genes for known autotrophic pathways, and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint heavier than other symbionts from similar habitats. Instead they have the potential to oxidize sulfur to fuel the uptake of organic compounds for heterotrophic growth, a metabolic mode called chemolithoheterotrophy that is not found in other symbioses. Although several symbionts have heterotrophic features to supplement primary production, in Kentron they appear to supplant it entirely.

scholarly journals Valorization of Agro-Industrial By-products: Use of Rice Husk as a Source of Microorganisms to Denitrification of Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Jair Juarez João ◽  
José Luiz Vieira ◽  
Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira ◽  
Cristiane Silvano Wensing ◽  
Paulo Cesar de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrite Removal ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Denitrifying Microorganisms ◽  
Immobilized Microorganisms ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Rice husk, which is an agricultural waste, provides a feasible alternative for the growth and propagation of denitrifying microorganisms. Nitrate and nitrite were removed using Immobilized Microorganisms (MOIM) or Microorganisms in Solution (MOSO). Microorganisms present in the rice husk biomass responsible for denitrification were identified as Pseudomonas, and other microorganisms have also been identified, as Oerskovia spp. Enterococcus sp. Bacillus mycoides and Escherichia coli. The influence of pH, temperature, C/N ratio and carbon source on biological denitrification were investigated. MOIM and MOSO consortium had optimal denitrifying performance at 25-30 °C and in pH 7-8. MOSO has average denitrification efficiency larger than MOIM. The MOIM denitrification efficiency was more sensitive to pH changes than the MOSO. Ethanol and sodium acetate were carbon sources for the denitrifying process. The efficiency of nitrate and nitrite removal using MOSO and ethanol or acetate with 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 C/N ratios were equivalents and above 97.00%. The denitrifying process presented was robust and it presented nitrate removal close to 100% during 10 cycles.

scholarly journals Sulfur-Oxidizing Symbionts without Canonical Genes for Autotrophic CO2Fixation

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. B. Seah ◽  
Chakkiath Paul Antony ◽  
Bruno Huettel ◽  
Jan Zarzycki ◽  
Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Carbon Stable Isotope ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Main Food Source

ABSTRACTSince the discovery of symbioses between sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria and invertebrates at hydrothermal vents over 40 years ago, it has been assumed that autotrophic fixation of CO2by the symbionts drives these nutritional associations. In this study, we investigated “CandidatusKentron,” the clade of symbionts hosted byKentrophoros, a diverse genus of ciliates which are found in marine coastal sediments around the world. Despite being the main food source for their hosts, Kentron bacteria lack the key canonical genes for any of the known pathways for autotrophic carbon fixation and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint that is unlike other thiotrophic symbionts from similar habitats. Our genomic and transcriptomic analyses instead found metabolic features consistent with growth on organic carbon, especially organic and amino acids, for which they have abundant uptake transporters. All known thiotrophic symbionts have converged on using reduced sulfur to gain energy lithotrophically, but they are diverse in their carbon sources. Some clades are obligate autotrophs, while many are mixotrophs that can supplement autotrophic carbon fixation with heterotrophic capabilities similar to those in Kentron. Here we show that Kentron bacteria are the only thiotrophic symbionts that appear to be entirely heterotrophic, unlike all other thiotrophic symbionts studied to date, which possess either the Calvin-Benson-Bassham or the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle for autotrophy.IMPORTANCEMany animals and protists depend on symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as their main food source. These bacteria use energy from oxidizing inorganic sulfur compounds to make biomass autotrophically from CO2, serving as primary producers for their hosts. Here we describe a clade of nonautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing symbionts, “CandidatusKentron,” associated with marine ciliates. They lack genes for known autotrophic pathways and have a carbon stable isotope fingerprint heavier than other symbionts from similar habitats. Instead, they have the potential to oxidize sulfur to fuel the uptake of organic compounds for heterotrophic growth, a metabolic mode called chemolithoheterotrophy that is not found in other symbioses. Although several symbionts have heterotrophic features to supplement primary production, in Kentron they appear to supplant it entirely.

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