Cost-effective control of air quality and greenhouse gases in Europe: Modeling and policy applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Amann ◽  
Imrich Bertok ◽  
Jens Borken-Kleefeld ◽  
Janusz Cofala ◽  
Chris Heyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control

COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO CONTROL INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND COMFORT IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING RETROFITTING

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Arnesano ◽  
Gian Marco Revel ◽  
Filippo Pietroni ◽  
Jurgen Frick ◽  
Manuela Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Two-stage chemical-biological treatment at Thessaloniki greater area WWTP - experiences and potentials

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Andreadakis ◽  
G. H. Kristensen ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
C. Oikonomopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Sludge Settling ◽  
The City

The wastewater from the city of Thessaloniki is discharged without treatment to the nearby inner part of the Thessaloniki Gulf. The existing, since 1989, treatment plant offers only primary treatment and did not operate since the expected effluent quality is not suitable for safe disposal to the available recipients. Upgrading of the plant for advanced biological treatment, including seasonal nitrogen removal, is due from 1995. In the mean time, after minor modifications completed in February 1992, the existing plant was put into operation as a two-stage chemical-biological treatment plant for 40 000 m3 d−1, which corresponds to about 35% of the total sewage flow. The operational results obtained during the two years operation period are presented and evaluated. All sewage and sludge treatment units of the plant perform better than expected, with the exception of the poor sludge settling characteristics, due to severe and persistent bulking caused by excessive growth of filamentous microorganisms, particularly M. Parvicella. Effective control of the bulking problem could lead to more cost-effective operation and increased influent flows.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in emissions estimates of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in India and their impacts on regional air quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 065002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Saikawa ◽  
Marcus Trail ◽  
Min Zhong ◽  
Qianru Wu ◽  
Cindy L Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Air Quality

scholarly journals Prevention of Leptospirosis Infected Vector and Human Population by Multiple Control Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Saeed Islam ◽  
Sher Afzal Khan ◽  
Ilyas Khan ◽  
Sharidan Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Control Problem ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Control Functions

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that damages the liver and kidneys, found mainly in dogs and farm animals and caused by bacteria. In this paper, we present the optimal control problem applied to a dynamical leptospirosis infected vector and human population by using multiple control variables. First, we show the existence of the control problem and then use analytical and numerical techniques to investigate the existence cost effective control efforts for prevention of indirect and direct transmission of this disease. In order to do this, we consider three control functions two for human and one for vector population. We completely characterize the optimal control problem and compute the numerical solution of the optimality system using an iterative method.

scholarly journals Investigation of Biomass Efficiency Assessment Methods of Open Green Areas for Sustainable Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmetali AK ◽  
◽  
Aslı GÜNEŞ GÖLBEY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
And Storage

One of the most important environmental problems in today's world is climate change caused by greenhouse gases. Due to the increase in CO2 emissions from greenhouse gases, climate change is increasing and moving towards the point of no return. In this process, many ideas have been developed to combat climate change. One of these ideas is that cities should be sustainable. In order for cities to be sustainable, activities such as expanding the use of renewable energy resources in cities, increasing green and environmentally friendly transportation, improving air quality, and minimizing carbon emissions should be carried out. In this context, open green areas have important effects in terms of improving air quality, reducing the heat island effect in cities and especially keeping carbon emissions to a minimum. Thus, the efficiency and productivity of carbon capture and storage of green areas come to the fore. There are several methods to measure the carbon capture and storage efficiency of green areas and to evaluate their efficiency. In this study, the methods used in determining open green areas in cities and evaluating biomass productivity in these areas will be examined.

scholarly journals City Logistics and Air Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Radovan Slávik ◽  
◽  
Dominika Beňová ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Ondrej Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The paper focuses on the impact of city logistics on air quality. The first chapter focuses on the EU's transport policy for 2030-2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second chapter focuses on air quality in the Slovak Republic and the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the impact of road transport on air quality and air pollution as well as the need to reduce these harmful emissions.

scholarly journals Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Rakel Arrazuria ◽  
Iraia Ladero ◽  
Elena Molina ◽  
Miguel Fuertes ◽  
Ramón Juste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Skin Test Reactivity ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Future Evaluation

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies are needed and this study is focused on evaluating alternative vaccination routes and their effect on the local immune response. The MAP oral challenge rabbit model was used to evaluate and compare an experimental inactivated MAP vaccine through oral (VOR) and intradermal (VID) routes. The VID group presented the highest proportion of animals with no visible lesions and the lowest proportion of animals with MAP positive tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the VID group presented a dominantly M1 polarized response indicating an ability to control MAP infection. In general, all vaccinated groups showed lower calprotectin levels compared to the non-vaccinated challenged group suggesting less active granulomatous lesions. The VID group showed some degree of skin test reactivity, whereas the same vaccine through oral administration was completely negative. These data show that PTB vaccination has an effect on macrophage polarization and that the route influences infection outcome and can also have an impact on bTB diagnosis. Future evaluation of new immunological products against mycobacterial diseases should consider assaying different vaccination routes.

Water safety plans for small systems: a model for applying HACCP concepts for cost-effective monitoring in developing countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Contamination Events

The development of water safety plans (WSPs) for small systems should be based on a thorough understanding of the relationships between risk factors and contamination events. This can be achieved through the use of well-designed assessments of water quality that provide better evidence to support the identification of control measures, performance limits, monitoring parameters and verification procedures. Training of community operators is critical to the success of the WSP and the understanding gained from the assessments provides a sound basis for addressing these needs. The WSP approach provides for more effective control of water quality and the use of targeted assessments is cost-effective in improving the design of WSPs.

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