scholarly journals City Logistics and Air Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Radovan Slávik ◽  
◽  
Dominika Beňová ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Ondrej Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The paper focuses on the impact of city logistics on air quality. The first chapter focuses on the EU's transport policy for 2030-2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second chapter focuses on air quality in the Slovak Republic and the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the impact of road transport on air quality and air pollution as well as the need to reduce these harmful emissions.

scholarly journals Quantifying air quality co-benefits of climate policy across sectors and regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toon Vandyck ◽  
Kimon Keramidas ◽  
Stéphane Tchung-Ming ◽  
Matthias Weitzel ◽  
Rita Van Dingenen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Health Related

AbstractThe overlap in sources of greenhouse gas and local air pollutant emissions creates scope for policy measures to limit global warming and improve air quality simultaneously. In a first step, we derive estimates for the air pollution mortality-related component of the social cost of atmospheric release for 6 pollutants and 56 regions in the world. Combining these estimates with emission inventory data highlights that sector contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution health impacts differ widely across regions. Next, simulations of future emission pathways consistent with the 2 °C and 1.5 °C targets illustrate that strengthening climate policy ambition raises the total value of air quality co-benefits despite lower marginal co-benefits per tonne of greenhouse gas emissions abated. Finally, we use results from a multi-model ensemble to quantify and compare the value of health-related ambient air quality co-benefits of climate policy across sectors and regions. On the global level, overall air quality co-benefits range from $8 to $40 per tonne of greenhouse gases abated in 2030, with median across models and scenarios of $18/tCO2e. These results mask strong differentiation across regions and sectors, with median co-benefits from mitigation in the residential and service sectors in India exceeding $500/tCO2e. By taking a sector- and region-specific perspective, the results presented here reveal promising channels to improve human health outcomes and to ratchet up greenhouse gas reduction efforts to bridge the gap between countries’ pledges and the global targets of the Paris Agreement.

scholarly journals What are the impacts of within-field farmland management practices on the flux of greenhouse gases from arable cropland in temperate regions? A systematic map protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Collins ◽  
Neal R. Haddaway ◽  
Biljana Macura ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Nicola Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a vital step in limiting climate change and meeting the goals outlined in the COP 21 Paris Agreement of 2015. Studies have suggested that agriculture accounts for around 11% of total greenhouse gas emissions and the industry has a significant role in meeting international and national climate change reduction objectives. However, there is currently little consensus on the mechanisms that regulate the production and assimilation of greenhouse gases in arable land and the practical factors that affect the process. Practical advice for farmers is often overly general, and models based on the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, for example, are used despite a lack of knowledge of how local conditions affect the process, such as the importance of humus content and soil types. Here, we propose a systematic map of the evidence relating to the impact on greenhouse gas flux from the agricultural management of arable land in temperate regions. Methods Using established methods for systematic mapping in environmental sciences we will search for, collate and catalogue research studies relating to the impacts of farming in temperate systems on greenhouse gas emissions. We will search 6 bibliographic databases using a tested search string, and will hand search a web-based search engine and a list of organisational web sites. Furthermore, evidence will be sought from key stakeholders. Search results will then be screened for relevance at title, abstract and full text levels according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. Consistency checking will be employed to ensure the criteria are being applied accurately and consistently. Relevant studies will then be subjected to coding and meta-data extraction, which will be used to populate a systematic map database describing each relevant study’s settings, methods and measured outcomes. The mapping process will help to identify knowledge gaps (subjects lacking in evidence warranting further primary research) and knowledge clusters (subjects with sufficient studies to allow a useful full systematic review), and will highlight best and suboptimal research methods.

scholarly journals The Role of Information and Communication Industry (ICT) in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Bentolhoda Abdollahbeigi ◽  
◽  
Farhang Salehi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

According to the concerted efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), the Information and Communication Industry (ICT) has received little attention as a significant contributor to GHG. ICT has a very significant role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. While climate challenges increase, there is a growing need to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions. The ICT sector has an important role in enabling significant reductions in those emissions and costs. This current study aims to examine the effects of GHGE on climate change in Canada with a focus on the ICT sector. This paper will provide a review of ICT definitions and Greenhouse gases and how GHGE can be reduced. This paper presents an approach to investigating the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on Greenhouse gases emission and its effect on climate change in Canada.

Effects of different land management strategies on greenhouse gas emissions from pre-alpine fens under grassland use.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarisse Brehier ◽  
Janina Klatt ◽  
Martina Schlaipfer ◽  
Heta Meyer ◽  
Matthias Drösler
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

<p>In Germany, 90% of peatlands are drained and mostly used for agriculture. As a result, carbon storage and water retention capabilities are mostly lost. Instead, drained peatlands are significant sources of greenhouse gases. The comprehensive gain of near-natural peatlands and thus their restoration has increasingly come into focus in recent years. Until now, it has very rarely been possible to directly measure and investigate the changes in greenhouse gas emissions during rewetting. We have the unique opportunity to investigate the rewetting of two drained pre-alpine fens used as grassland in southern Bavaria with chamber measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4 </sub>and N<sub>2</sub>O.</p><p>The first one in Karolinenfeld (60 km south-east from Munich) has an intensive management (with three cuts per year, application of manure/fertilizer and a really low water-table: mean value around 90cm). The other one in Benediktbeuern (60 km south-west from Munich) has an extensive management (with two cuts per year, no use of manure/fertilizer since 1990, and mean water-table around 30cm). For each study sites, we have several plots, which have significant different water-table depths. Since December 2019, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions are measured with closed chambers method. Climate data are monitored and recorded every half hour (as ground temperatures, air temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density, water-table depth, air pressure …). We also collected data of environmental parameters with biomass analyses, vegetation description, soil analyses, and we measure regularly vegetation indexes (NDVI and LAI).</p><p>During the first year of measurement, we already noticed a significant difference between the two study sites. The depth of the water table seems to be the major explanatory parameter for the different emissions. Moreover, the impact of the cuts on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is notable, whereas we did not measure any difference after the application of fertilizer.</p><p>At the end of 2020 the Karolinenfeld has been rewetted while keeping the management types unchanged. Benediktbeuern will be rewetted during the year 2021. In order to achieve this goal, water management practices have been introduced using the existing drainage pipes in combination with a pumping system for subsurface irrigation. We expect to gain insight into the greenhouse gas exchange of peatlands according to water management and agricultural activities and to highlight the short-term effects of the transitional stage during and after rewetting. We also would like to determinate the key factors who drive the greenhouse gases emissions on grasslands according to different water management and land-use.</p><p>The work is part of the KliMoBay project, funded by the Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).</p>

scholarly journals Air Pollution Issues in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Roden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Power Stations

This researcher examined air quality in Australia and, compared to other countries, found that there were considerable gaps in Australian’s actions and legislation towards air pollution. Firstly Australia has a Neoliberal Federal Government who are committed to continuing with fossil fuel development. As well as a preference for coal, gas is regarded as being a big contender in the Australian economy. The Federal Government is now keen to undertake CSG mining to extract gas which produces methane which is approximately 30 times more dangerous to the climate in greenhouse gas emissions than carbon dioxide. Further concerns have arisen in regard to lack of fuel standards which mean that car owners can use whatever types of petrol they wish. Diesel is also another option. Both these fuel sources are creating toxic, uncontrolled pollution. Another worrying consideration is the 40 year old Australian coal-fired power stations. The author was affronted at the terrible toxins being emitted from the Liddell coal-fired power station, well above the international standards, and there only being dated control in place, unlike the reduction of emissions in other countries. The research project the author undertook on: “Supporting the Upper Hunter valley community in the transition from coal power to renewable energy with the closure of the Liddell power station in 2022,” showed that individual and family health results were concerning as there was confusion about whether respondents considered their health was impacted. Interestingly focus groups highlighted that many people did understand that once the power station closed their health would definitely improve. NSW and Australia need policy development and action in air quality. The evidence of bad pollution – no fuel standards; dated controls on emissions for 40 year old coal-fired power stations; and probable continued greenhouse gas emissions increasing through continued coal use and gas mining – show that Australia is at the crossroads in regard to air quality and climate change. Zali Steggall, an Independent Member of Parliament, is proposing a Climate Change Bill by November 2020. Her supporters are arguing for a conscience vote. If enacted, the Bill would address the issue of climate change in a scientific and systematic way and, in so doing, tackle the multi-faceted problem of Australia’s poor air quality.

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

scholarly journals Functional ANOVA approaches for detecting changes in air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Acal ◽  
Ana M. Aguilera ◽  
Annalina Sarra ◽  
Adelia Evangelista ◽  
Tonio Di Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Stations

AbstractFaced with novel coronavirus outbreak, the most hard-hit countries adopted a lockdown strategy to contrast the spread of virus. Many studies have already documented that the COVID-19 control actions have resulted in improved air quality locally and around the world. Following these lines of research, we focus on air quality changes in the urban territory of Chieti-Pescara (Central Italy), identified as an area of criticality in terms of air pollution. Concentrations of $$\hbox {NO}_{{2}}$$ NO 2 , $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$ PM 10 , $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ PM 2.5 and benzene are used to evaluate air pollution changes in this Region. Data were measured by several monitoring stations over two specific periods: from 1st February to 10 th March 2020 (before lockdown period) and from 11st March 2020 to 18 th April 2020 (during lockdown period). The impact of lockdown on air quality is assessed through functional data analysis. Our work makes an important contribution to the analysis of variance for functional data (FANOVA). Specifically, a novel approach based on multivariate functional principal component analysis is introduced to tackle the multivariate FANOVA problem for independent measures, which is reduced to test multivariate homogeneity on the vectors of the most explicative principal components scores. Results of the present study suggest that the level of each pollutant changed during the confinement. Additionally, the differences in the mean functions of all pollutants according to the location and type of monitoring stations (background vs traffic), are ascribable to the $$\hbox {PM}_{{10}}$$ PM 10 and benzene concentrations for pre-lockdown and during-lockdown tenure, respectively. FANOVA has proven to be beneficial to monitoring the evolution of air quality in both periods of time. This can help environmental protection agencies in drawing a more holistic picture of air quality status in the area of interest.

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